Authorization of financial statements:

The Standalone Financial Statements were authorized for issue in accordance with a resolution passed in meeting of Board of the Directors held on 17/05/2024.

Notes to Standalone Financial statements for the year ended 31st March 2024 Note 1. Corporate Information

20 Microns Limited ("Company”) is a public limited company domiciled in India and incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The registered office of the Company is located at 9 - 10, GIDC, Waghodia, Vadodara - 391760, Gujarat, India.

The Company is engaged in Business of Manufacturing and selling of Industrial Micronised Minerals and Speciality Chemicals.

Note 2. Material Accounting Policies

This note provides a list of the Material accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

2.1 Basis of Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements

2.1.1 Statement of Compliance with Ind AS

(a) The standalone financial statements has been prepared in accordance and comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time, the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act’’) and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), as applicable.

(b) All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

(c) Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

2.1.2 Historical Cost Convention

These financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting except for certain

financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair values and assets held for sale which is measured at lower of the carrying amount and fair value less estimated cost to sell, at the end of each reporting period, as stated in the accounting policies set out below. The accounting policies have been applied consistently over all the periods presented in these financial statements.

2.2 Use of Estimates and Judgements

The presentation of the financial statements is in conformity with the Ind AS which requires the management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities. Such estimates and assumptions are based on management’s evaluation of relevant facts and circumstances as on the date of financial statements. The actual outcome may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to the accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

This note provides an overview of the areas that involved a higher degree of judgement or complexity, and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turning out to be different than those originally assessed. Detailed information about each of these estimates and judgements is included in relevant notes together with information about the basis of calculation for each affected line item in the financial statements.

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the next financial year are included in the following notes:

Note 37 Current/deferred tax expense Note 40 Contingent liabilities and assets.

Note 10 Expected credit loss for receivables.

Note 43 Measurement of defined benefit obligations.

Note 42 Fair value of Financial Instruments Note 3 useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment

2.3 Property, Plant and Equipment

An item of Property, plant and equipment that qualifies as an assets is measured at their cost. Following initial recognition, items of property, plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

The Company identifies and determines the cost of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment separately, if the part has a cost which is significant to the total cost of that item of property, plant and equipment and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining item.

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises of its purchase price including import duties and other non-refundable purchase taxes or levies, directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use and the initial estimate of decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities, if any. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. Cost includes cost of replacing a part of a plant and equipment if the recognition criteria are met. Expenses directly attributable to new manufacturing facility during its construction period are capitalized if the recognition criteria are met. Expenditure related to plans, designs and drawings of buildings or plant and machinery is capitalized under relevant heads of property, plant and equipment if the recognition criteria are met.

Items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and servicing equipment that meet the definition of property, plant and equipment are capitalized at cost and depreciated over their useful life.

Subsequent expenditures, including replacement costs where applicable, incurred for an item of Property plant and equipment are added to its books value only if they increase the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is de-recognised when replaced.

Costs in nature of repairs and maintenance are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

Any item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is charged to revenue in the income statement when the asset is derecognised.

The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial statements upon sale or retirement of the asset.

2.4 Capital Work in Progress:

Expenditure on projects pending capitalization is shown under the head "Capital Work In Progress” which will be capitalized to respective heads of Property, Plant and Equipment on commencement of commercial production.

All the directly identifiable and ascertainable expenditure, incidental and related to construction incurred during the period of construction on a project, till it is commissioned, is kept as Capital work in progress (CWIP) and after commissioning the same is transferred / allocated to the respective "Property, Plant and Equipment”.

Further, advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date are classified and disclosed as capital advances under Other Non-Current Assets.

2.5 Investment Properties

I nvestment properties comprises of Immovable Property that are held for rental yield and/or capital appreciation.

Investment property is measured initially at its cost, including related transaction costs and where applicable borrowing costs. Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the asset’s carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as and when incurred. When part of an investment property is replaced, the carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised.

2.6 Intangible Assets

I ntangible asset is recognized only where it is probable that future economic benefits attributable to the asset will accrue to the enterprise and cost can be measured reliably. Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Internally generated intangibles including research cost are not capitalized and the related expenditure is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Acquired Intangible Assets in the form of "Process Know How” is recognized at the cost of acquisition and amortized on straight line basis. Capitalized software includes cost on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) project and other Software cost including license fees, which provides significant future benefits.

Freehold land is not depreciated. Cost of lease-hold land is amortized equally over the remaining period of lease.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted prospectively if appropriate.

Component accounting of assets: If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment and accordingly depreciated at the useful lives specified as above.

Depreciation on items of property, plant and equipment acquired / disposed off during the year is provided on prorata basis with reference to the date of addition / disposal.

Investment properties are depreciated based on the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

2.8 Impairment of non-financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 36 on "Impairment of Assets” at the balance sheet date, non-financial assets are reviewed for impairment losses whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. For the purpose of assessing impairment, the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets, is considered as a cash generating unit. If any such indication exists, an estimate of the recoverable amount of the asset/ cash generating unit is made. The recoverable amount of an asset is the greater of its fair value less cost to sell and value in use. To calculate value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market rates and the risk specific to the asset. For an asset that does not generate largely independent cash inflows, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. Fair value less cost to sell is the best estimate of the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset in an arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the cost of disposal. Assets whose carrying value exceeds their recoverable amount are written down to the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an assets or cash generating unit’s net selling price and its value in use.

Assessment is also done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognized for an asset in prior accounting periods may no longer exist or may have decreased.

I mpairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation surplus taken to Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). For such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation surplus.

2.9 Revenue recognition

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, which is the consideration, adjusted for discounts and other incentives, if any, as specified in the contract with the customer. Revenue also excludes taxes or other amounts collected from customers in its capacity as an agent. If the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the company estimates the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for transferring the goods to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

The accounting policies for the specific revenue streams of the company as summarized below:

i) I nterest income is recognised on Effective Interest Rate (EIR) basis considering the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate as set out in Ind AS 109.

ii) Export benefits available under the prevalent schemes are recognized when there exists no significant uncertainty regards to its realisation.

iii) Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive income is established.

iv) Royalty income is recognised on accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the agreement.

v) Rental income is recognized as revenue on an accrual basis as per the terms of the underlying contract with customers.

vi) Other operating income and misc. income are accounted on an accrual basis as and when the right to receive arises.

Contract Balances:

Contract assets

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional.

Trade receivables

A receivable represents the company’s right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional i.e. only the passage of time is required before payment of consideration is due.

Contract liabilities

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the company performs obligations under the contract.

2.10 Borrowing

Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings -interest bearing loans are subsequently measured at amortised cost by using the effective interest method (EIR method). Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in profit or loss over the period of borrowing using the effective interest method (EIR). The EIR Amortization is included as Finance Costs in the statement of profit and loss.

Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all the facility will be draw down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is deferred as a payment for liquidity services and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.

Borrowings are removed from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including

any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in profit or loss as other income or other expenses as well as through the EIR amortization process.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. Where there is a breach of a material provision of a long term loan arrangement on or before the end of reporting period with the effect that the liability becomes payable on demand on the reporting date, the Company does not classify the liability as current, if the lender agreed, after the reporting period and before the approval of the financial statement for issue, not to demand payment as a consequence of the breach.

2.11 Borrowing Cost

The Company is capitalising general and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying asset up to the date of commissioning. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale. The Expenses incurred in connection with the arrangement of specific borrowings are capitalized over the period of the borrowing and every year such cost is apportioned to assets based on the actual amount borrowed during the year. All other borrowing costs are recognized as expense in the period in which they are incurred and charged to the statement of profit and loss.

Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowing pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.

2.12Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

2.12.1 Financial Asset Initial Recognition

A financial asset or a financial liability is recognised in the balance sheet only when, the Company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Initial Measurement

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset or financial liability at its fair value plus or minus, in the case of a financial asset or financial liability not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset or financial liability.

Subsequent Measurement

For purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified into:

• Financial assets measured at amortised cost;

• Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL); and

• Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI).

The Company classifies its financial assets in the above mentioned categories based on:

• The Company’s business model for managing the financial assets, and

• The contractual cash flows characteristics of the financial asset.

A financial assets is measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:

• The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and

• The contractual terms of the financial assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss.

A financial asset is measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:

• The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting the contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and

• The assets contractual cash flows represent SPPI.

A financial asset is measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income. In addition, the Company may elect to designate a financial asset, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL.

However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ‘accounting mismatch’).

Equity Investments:

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument byinstrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Profit and Loss.

De-recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company’s balance sheet) when:

1. The contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset have expired, or

2. The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either

(1) The Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or

(2) The Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor

retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company assesses impairment based on expected credit loss (ECL) model to the following:

• Financial assets measured at amortised cost

• Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income

Expected credit losses are measured through a loss allowance at an amount equal to:

• The 12-months expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from those default events on the financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date); or

• Full time expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the life of the financial instrument).

The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables or contract revenue receivables. Under the simplified approach, the Company is not required to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs together with appropriate management estimates for credit loss at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

The Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on the portfolio of trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivable and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated

and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/ expense in the statement of profit and loss. This amount is reflected under the head ‘other expenses’ in the statement of Profit and Loss. The balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments is described below:

• Financial assets measured as at amortised cost and contractual revenue receivables -ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

• Financial assets measured at FVTOCI - Since financial assets are already reflected at fair value, impairment allowance is not further reduced from its value. Rather, ECL amount is presented as accumulated impairment amount in the OCI.

For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company combines financial instruments on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics with the objective of facilitating an analysis that is designed to enable significant increases in credit risk to be identified on a timely basis.

The Company does not have any purchased or originated credit impaired (POCI) financial assets,

i.e., financial assets which are credit impaired on purchase/ origination.

2.12.2Financial Liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as financial instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loan and borrowings including

bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement

• Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost.

• Financial liabilities subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to Profit and Loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.

Financial Guarantee Contracts

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation.

Loan and Borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is

calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

2.12.3Equity instruments

An equity instrument is a contract that evidences residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of equity instruments are recognised as a deduction from equity instrument net of any tax effects.

2.12.4Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedge Accounting

The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate the risk of changes exchange rates. At the inception of a hedge relationship, the Company formally designates and documents the hedge relationship to which the Company wishes to apply hedge accounting and the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are also subsequently measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as Financial Assets when the fair value is positive and as Financial Liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to Statement of Profit and Loss, except for the effective portion of cash flow hedge which is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income and later to Statement of Profit and Loss when the hedged item affects profit or loss or is treated as basis adjustment if a hedged forecast transaction subsequently results in the recognition of a Non-Financial Assets or Non-Financial liability.

Fair Value Hedges:

The Company designates derivative contracts or nonderivative Financial Assets / Liabilities as hedging instruments to mitigate the risk of change in fair value of hedged item due to movement in foreign exchange rates. Changes in the fair value of hedging instruments and hedged items that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the hedging relationship no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the adjustment to the carrying amount of a hedged item for which the effective interest method is used is amortised to Statement of Profit and Loss over the period of maturity.

2.12.5Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the group or the counterparty.

2.13Fair Value

The Company measures certain financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

• I n the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the

use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as under, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

• Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

• Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

The Company’s management determines the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement, such as unquoted financial assets measured at fair value, and for non-recurring measurement, such as assets held for distribution in discontinued operations. The management comprises of the Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer.

External valuers are involved for valuation of significant assets, such as unquoted financial assets. Involvement of external valuers is decided upon annually by the Valuation Committee after discussion with and approval by the management. Selection criteria include market knowledge, reputation, independence and whether professional standards are maintained. Valuers are normally rotated every three years. The management decides, after discussions with the Company’s external valuers, which valuation techniques and inputs to use for each case.

At each reporting date, the management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be re-measured or re-assessed as per the Company’s accounting policies. For this analysis, the management verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation.

The management, in conjunction with the Company’s external valuers, also compares the change in the fair value of each asset and liability with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

This note summarises accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes. (refer note 40)

1. Disclosures for valuation methods, significant estimates and assumptions.

2. Quantitative disclosures of fair value measurement hierarchy.

3. Investment in unquoted equity shares.

4. Financial instruments (including those carried at amortised cost).

2.14Inventories

Raw materials, work-in-progress, finished goods, packing materials, stores, spares, components, consumables and stock-in trade are carried at the lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished goods in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. The comparison of cost and net realizable value is made on an item-by item basis.

In determining the cost of raw materials, packing materials, stock-in-trade, stores, spares, components and consumables, moving weighted average cost method is used. Cost of inventory comprises all costs of purchase, duties, taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from tax authorities) and all other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition.

Cost of finished goods and work-in-progress includes the cost of raw materials, packing materials, an appropriate share of fixed and variable production overheads, excise duty as applicable and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Fixed production overheads are allocated on the basis of normal capacity of production facilities.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the normal course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs to complete the sale.

2.151 investment in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Venture

The Company has elected to recognise its investments in subsidiary and associate companies at cost in accordance with the option available in Ind AS 27, ‘Separate Financial Statements’. The details of such investments are given in Note 5. Impairment policy applicable on such investments is same as mentioned in note 2.12.1 above.

2.16Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operation

Non-current assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable. They are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits, financial assets and contractual rights under insurance contracts, which are specifically exempt from this requirement.

An impairment loss is recognised for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognised for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset, but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognised. A gain or loss not previously recognised by the date of the sale of the non-current asset (or disposal group) is recognised at the date of de-recognition.

Non-current assets are not depreciated or amortised while they are classified as held for sale. Non-current assets classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet.

A discontinued operation is a component of the Company that has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale and that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, is part of a single coordinated plan to dispose of such a line of business or area of operations, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. The results of discontinued operations are presented separately in the statement of profit and loss.

2.17 Foreign Currency Transactions

2.171 Functional and Presentation Currency

Items included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (‘the functional currency’). The financial statements are presented in Indian rupee (INR), which is the functional and presentation currency of the Company.

2.172 Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the date of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the year-end exchange rates are generally recognised in profit or loss.

All foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the statement of profit and loss on a net basis within other income or other expenses.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss.

2.18 Employee Benefits

Employees Benefits are provided in the books as per Ind

AS -19 on "Employee Benefits” in the following manner:

2.18.1Post-Employment Benefit Plans Defined Contribution Plan

Defined contribution plans are employee state insurance scheme and Government administered pension fund scheme for all applicable employees and superannuation scheme for eligible employees. The Company does not carry any other obligation apart from the monthly contribution.

The Company recognizes contribution payable to a defined contribution plan as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the employees render services to the Company during the reporting period. If the contributions payable for services received from employees before the reporting date exceeds the contributions already paid, the deficit payable is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the reporting date, the excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the prepayment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payments or a cash refund.

Defined Benefit Plans

The company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan covering eligible employees in accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, through an approved Gratuity Fund. The Gratuity Fund is separately administered through a Trust/Scheme. Contributions in respect of gratuity are made to the approved Gratuity Fund.

All expenses represented by current service cost, past service cost, if any, and net interest on the defined benefit liability / (asset) are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability / (asset) comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on the plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability/asset), are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income. Such remeasurements are not reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the subsequent periods.

The Company presents the above liability/(asset) as current and non-current in the Balance Sheet as per actuarial valuation by the independent actuary; however, the entire liability towards gratuity is considered as current as the Company will contribute this amount to the gratuity fund within the next twelve months.

2.18.2Short Term Employee Benefits

The undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for services rendered by employees is recognized during the period when the employee renders the services. Short term employee benefits includes salary and wages, bonus, incentive and ex-gratia and also includes accrued leave benefits, which are expected to be availed or en-cashed within 12 months from the end of the year.

2.19Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

As a lessee

The Company’s leased assets consist of leases for land, buildings & vehicles. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A

contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense as per the terms of the lease.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Right-of-use assets are subsequently depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of Property, Plant and Equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

The lease liability is subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option.

When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount

of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

Lease liability and ROU assets have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

As a lessor

Leases for which the Company is a lessor is classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases. When the Company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sublease separately. The sublease is classified as a finance or operating lease by reference to the ROU asset arising from the head lease. For operating leases, rental income is recognized on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease.

2.20Taxation

Tax expenses is the aggregate amount included in the determination of profit or loss for the period in respect of current tax (i.e. amount of tax for the period determined in accordance with the Income Tax Law) and deferred tax (reflecting the tax effects of timing differences between accounting income and taxable income for the period). Income tax expenses are recognised in statement of profit or loss except tax expenses related to items recognised directly in reserves (including statement of other comprehensive income) which are recognised with the underlying items.

2.20.1CurrentTax

The current tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period’s taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate for each jurisdiction adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period i.e. as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961, as amended from time to time. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Advance taxes and provisions for current income taxes are presented in the balance sheet after offsetting advance tax paid and income tax provision arising in the same tax jurisdiction for relevant tax paying units and where the Company is able to and intends to settle the asset and liability on a net basis.

2.20.2Deferred Taxes

Deferred tax is provided in full on temporary difference arising between the tax bases of the assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in financial statements at the reporting date. Deferred taxes are recognised in respect of deductible temporary differences being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods., the carry forward of unused tax losses and the carry forward of unused tax credits.

Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised, or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses. In case of temporary differences that arise from initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction (other than business combination) that affect neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit, deferred tax assets are not recognised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Any tax credit available under the provision of the Income Tax Act, 1961 is recognised as deferred tax to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax credits can be utilised. The said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown under the head deferred tax asset.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

2.21 Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to owners of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Earnings considered in ascertaining the company’s earnings per share is the net profit for the period after deducting preference dividends, if any, and any attributable distribution tax thereto for the period.

Diluted earnings per share

Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares and the weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

2.22Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provision for contractual obligation is disclosed based on management’s assessment of the probable outcome with reference to the available information supplemented by experience of similar transactions. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

Provision in respect of loss contingencies relating to claims, litigation, assessment, fines, penalties etc. are recognised when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be estimated reliably.

Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.

Provisions are measured at management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period and are not discounted to present value. The estimates of outcome and financial effect are determined by the judgment of the management, supplemented by experience of similar transactions and, in some cases, reports from independent experts.

The measurement of provision for restructuring includes only direct expenditures arising from the restructuring, which are both necessarily entailed by the restructuring and not associated with the ongoing activities of the Company.

Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:

1. A present obligation arising from the past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation;

2. A present obligation arising from the past events, when no reliable estimate is possible;

3. A possible obligation arising from the past events, unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.

Contingent liabilities are not provided for and if material, are disclosed by way of notes to financial statements.

A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity.

Contingent assets are not recognised in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realised. However, Contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.

A contingent asset is disclosed by way of notes to financial statements, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

2.23Segment Reporting

An operating segment is component of the company that engages in the business activity from which the company earns revenues and incurs expenses, for which discrete financial information is available and whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker, in deciding about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance.

The Company primarily operates in the segment of Industrial Micronized Minerals and Speciality chemicals. The Managing Director of the Company allocate resources and assess the performance of the Company, thus they are the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). The CODM monitors the operating results of the business as a one, hence no separate segment need to be disclosed.

2.24Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and deposits with banks and corporations. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash to be cash equivalents.

For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions and other short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

2.25Statement of Cash Flows

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

2.26Dividends

The Company recognises a liability for dividends to equity holders of the Company when the dividend is authorised and the dividend is no longer at the discretion

of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a Final dividend is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders and Interim Dividend is authorised when it is approved by the Board of Directors. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity.

2.27Insurance Claims

The company accounts for insurance claims when there is certainty that the claims are realizable and acknowledged by insurance company and amount recognized in books of accounts is as under:

• In case of loss of asset /goods by transferring, either the carrying cost of the relevant asset / goods or insurance value (subject to deductibles), whichever is lower under the head "Claims Recoverable-Insurance”.

• In case insurance claim is, less than carrying cost the difference is charged to Profit and Loss statement. As and when claims are finally received from insurer, the difference, if any, between Claims Recoverable-Insurance and claims received is adjusted to Profit and Loss statement.

2.28Research and Development

Expenditure on research is recognized as an expense when it is incurred. Expenditure on development which does not meet the criteria for recognition as an intangible asset is recognized as an expense when it is incurred.

Items of property, plant and equipment and acquired Intangible Assets utilized for Research and Development are capitalized and depreciated in accordance with the policies stated for Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets.

2.29Events occurring after the Reporting Date

Adjusting events (that provides evidence of condition that existed at the balance sheet date) occurring after the balance sheet date are recognized in the financial statements. Material non-adjusting events (that are inductive of conditions that arose subsequent to the balance sheet date) occurring after the balance sheet date that represents material change and commitment affecting the financial position are disclosed in the Directors’ Report.

2.30Exceptional Items

Certain occasions, the size, type or incidence of an item of income or expense, pertaining to the ordinary activities of the Company is such that its disclosure improves the understanding of the performance of the Company, such

income or expense is classified as an exceptional item and accordingly, disclosed in the notes accompanying to the financial statements.

2.31 Rounding off

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest Lakhs as per the requirements of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

2.32Recent accounting pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended March 31, 2024, MCA has not notified any new standards or amendments to the existing standards applicable to the Group.