1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1.01 Statement of compliance
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind ASs notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standard) Rules, 2015. Upto the financial year ended March 31, 2017, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with the requirements of previous GAAP. which includes Standards notified under the Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013. These are the Companies first Ind AS financial statements. The date of transition to Ind AS is April 1, 2016. Refer Note 4 for the details of first time adoption exemptions availed by the Company.
2.02 Basis of preparation and presentation
These financial statements of the Company are prepared under the historical cost except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair value at end of each reporting period. Historical cost is generally based on fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date..
In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised in to Level 1, 2 or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:
- Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;
- Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and
- Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
2.03 Use of Estimates
The preparation of separate financial statements in conformity with the recognition and measurement principles of Ind AS requires the management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities, disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of the separate financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expense for the periods presented. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected. Future results could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known/materialise.
2.04 Revenue Recognition (I) Sale of goods
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the goods are delivered and titles have been passed, at which time all the following conditions are satisfied:
- The Company has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods
- The Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership not effective control over the goods sold;
- The amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
- It is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company; and
- The costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.
(ii) Dividend and Interest income
Dividend income is recognised when the company's right to receive dividend is established. Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the effective interest rate applicable.
2.05 Foreign Currencies
Transactions in currencies other than entity's functional currency (foreign currency) are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies remaining unsettled at the end of the each reporting period are remeasured at the rates of exchange prevailing at that date.
2.06 Employee Benefits
i) Short-term benefits
Short term employee benefits are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the statement of profit and loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.
ii) Defined contribution retirement benefits
Payments to defined contribution retirement benefits are recognised as an expense when employees have rendered services entitling them to the contributions. Defined contribution plans are those plans where the Company pays fixed contributions to funds/schemes. Contributions are paid in return for services rendered by the employees during the year. The contributions are expensed as they are incurred in line with the treatment of wages and salaries. The liability as on the balance sheet is ascertained by an independent actuarial valuation.
iii) Defined benefit retirement benefits
The cost of providing defined benefit retirement benefits are determined & recognised as per independent actuarial valuations report carried out at the end of each reporting period. The Company provides gratuity to its employees. All actuarial gains or losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which they occur.
2.07 Taxation
i) Current tax
Current tax is payable based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from 'profit before tax' as reported in the statement of profit and loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The current tax is calculated using tax rates in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act,1961.
ii) Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantially enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all timing differences. Deferred tax assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses are recognised only if there is virtual certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise such assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised for timing differences of other items only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally enforceable right to such set off. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their realisability.
iii) Minimum alternate tax
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is recognised as an asset in the balance sheet when there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period and it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.
2.08 Property, Plant and Equipment
a) Buildings and Roads, Plant and Equipment, Furniture and Fixtures and Vehicles held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes purchase cost of materials, including import duties and non-refundable taxes, any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to the location and condition of its intended use and borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company's accounting policy.
Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets (other than properties under construction) less their residual values over the useful lives, using the straight-line method. Depreciation of assets commences when the assets are ready for their intended use. The estimated useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes is accounted as change in estimate on a prospective basis.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognised as of April 1, 2015 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.
2.09 Intangible Assets
Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment (if any) losses. Amortisation is recognised over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquire separately are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Estimated useful lives of the intangible assets are as follows:
An intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of intangible assets is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognised as of April 1, 2015 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.
2.10 Impairment of Assets
The carrying values of assets/cash generating units at each balance sheet date are reviewed for impairment. If any indication of impairment exists, the recoverable amount of such assets is estimated and impairment is recognised, if the carrying amount of these assets exceeds their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the net selling price and their value in use. Value in use is arrived at by discounting the future cash flows to their present value based on an appropriate discount factor. When there is indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in earlier accounting periods no longer exists or may have decreased such reversal of impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
2.11 Inventories
Raw materials, work-in-progress and finished products are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes purchase price, non refundable taxes and duties and other directly attributable costs incurred in bringing the goods to the point of sale. Work-in-progress and finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads and, where applicable, excise duty. Net realisable value is the price at which the inventories can be realised in the normal course of business after allowing for the cost of conversion from their existing state to a finished condition and for the cost of marketing, selling and distribution.
Stores and spares are valued at cost comprising of purchase price, non refundable taxes and duties and other directly attributable costs after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary.
2.12 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
(a) Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.
Provisions are not discounted to their present value are measured at the management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period.
(b) Contingent liabilities and assets
Contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events and the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company, or is a present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognised because either it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made. Contingent liabilities are disclosed and not recognised. In the normal course of business, contingent liabilities may arise from litigation and other claims against the company. There are certain obligations which management has concluded, based on all available facts and circumstances, are not probable of payment or are very difficult to quantify reliably, and such obligations are treated as contingent liabilities and disclosed in the notes but are not reflected as liabilities in the financial statements. Although there can be no assurance regarding the final outcome of the legal proceedings in which the company is involved, it is not expected that such contingencies will have a material effect on its financial position or profitability.
2.13 Foreign Exchange Gain and Losses
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognised in profit or loss.
2.14 Cash and Cash Equivalents
For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand and short term deposits with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
2.15 Trade and Other Payables
These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services received by the Company prior to the end of reporting period which are unpaid. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost.
2.16 Segment Reporting
As per the management, the company is dealing in single product i.e. construction material (Iron & Steel, Cement, Clinker and Charcoal) and therefore there are no separately identifiable products. Similarly, the company has no separately identifiable geographical segments.
2.17 Borrowing Costs
General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale. Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.
2.18 Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit after tax before other comprehensive income by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity and dilutive equity equivalent shares outstanding during the year.
3. FIRST-TIME ADOPTION
3.01 Overall principle
The Company has prepared the opening balance sheet as per Ind AS as of April 1, 2016 (the transition date) by recognising all assets and liabilities whose recognition is required by Ind AS, not recognising items of assets or liabilities which are not permitted by Ind AS, by reclassifying items from previous GAAP to Ind AS as required under Ind AS.
3.02 Deemed cost of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment and intangible assets recognised as of April 1, 2016 (transition date) measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.
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