Note 1SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Statement of Compliance
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013.The financial statements have also been prepared in accordance with the relevant presentation requirements of the Companies Act, 2013. The Company adopted Ind AS from 1st April, 2017..
Basis of preparation and measurement
The financial statements are prepared in accordance with the historical cost convention, except for certain items that are measured at fair values, as explained in the accounting policies.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/ or disclosures in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 17 - Leases, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realisable value in Ind AS 2 -Inventories or value in use in Ind AS 36 - Impairment of Assets.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the year. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period; they are recognised in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
Operating Cycle
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or noncurrent as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 and Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents.
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. For this purpose, cost includes deemed cost which represents the carrying value of property, plant and equipment recognised as at 1st April, 2016 measured as per the previous GAAP.
Cost is inclusive of inward freight, duties and taxes and incidental expenses related to acquisition. In respect of major projects involving construction, related pre-operational expenses form part of the value of assets capitalised. Expenses capitalised also include applicable borrowing costs for qualifying assets, if any. All up gradation / enhancements are charged off as revenue expenditure unless they bring similar significant additional benefits.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Depreciation of these assets commences when the assets are ready for their intended use which is generally on commissioning. Items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated in a manner that amortizes the cost (or other amount substituted for cost) of the assets after commissioning, less its residual value, over their useful lives as specified in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 on a straight line basis. Land is not depreciated.
The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment of the Company are as follows:
Building
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30-60 Years
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Leasehold Improvements
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Shorter of lease period or
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estimate useful life
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Plant and Equipment
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7-25 Years
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Furniture and Fixture
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8-10 Years
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Vehicles
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8-10 Years
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Office Equipment
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5 Years
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Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets or, where shorter, the term of the relevant lease.
Property, plant and equipment's residual values and useful lives are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and changes, if any, are treated as changes in accounting estimate.
Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets that the Company controls and from which it expects future economic benefits are capitalised upon acquisition and measured initially:
The carrying value of intangible assets includes deemed cost which represents the carrying value of intangible assets recognised as at 1st April, 2016 measured as per the previous GAAP.
The useful lives of intangible assets are reviewed annually to determine if a reset of such useful life is required for assets with finite lives and to confirm that business circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life assessment for assets so classified. Based on such review, the useful life may change or the useful life assessment may change from indefinite to finite. The impact of such changes is accounted for as a change in accounting estimate.
Impairment of assets
Impairment loss, if any, is provided to the extent, the carrying amount of assets or cash generating units exceed their recoverable amount.
Recoverable amount is higher of an asset's net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset or cash generating unit and from its disposal at the end of its useful life.
Impairment losses recognised in prior years are reversed when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised no longer exist or have decreased. Such reversals are recognised as an increase in carrying amounts of assets to the extent that it does not exceed the carrying amounts that would have been determined (net of amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised in previous years.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost is calculated on weighted average method. Cost comprises expenditure incurred in the normal course of business in bringing such inventories to its present location and condition and includes, where applicable, appropriate overheads based on normal level of activity.Net realisable value is the estimated selling price less estimated costs for completion and sale.
Obsolete, slow moving and defective inventories are identified from time to time and, where necessary, a provision is made for such inventories.
Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated at the rates of exchange at the balance sheet date and resultant gain or loss arising out of fluctuations in the exchange rates are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise, except in respect of fixed assets where exchange variance is adjusted in the carrying amount of respective fixed assets.
To account for differences between the forward exchange rates and the exchanges rates at the date of transactions as income or expense over the life of the contracts.
To account for profit / loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contracts as income / expenses for the period.
To recognize the net mark to market losses & gain in the Statement of Profit and Loss on the outstanding portfolio of forwards as at the Balance Sheet date.
Financial instruments, financial assets, financial liabilities and Equity instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the relevant instrument and are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value on initial recognition of financial assets or financial liabilities. Purchase or sale of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date when the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Financial Assets
Recognition: Financial assets include Investments, Trade receivables, Advances, Security Deposits, Cash and cash equivalents. Such assets are initially recognised at transaction price when the Company becomes party to contractual obligations. The transaction price includes transaction costs unless the asset is being fair valued through the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Classification: Management determines the classification of an asset at initial recognition depending on the purpose for which the assets were acquired. The subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on such classification.
Financial assets are classified as those measured at: amortised cost, where the financial assets are held solely for collection of cash flows arising from payments of principal and/ or interest.
Trade receivables, Advances, Security Deposits, Cash and cash equivalents etc. are classified for measurement at amortised cost while investments may fall under any of the aforesaid classes. However, in respect of particular investments in equity instruments that would otherwise be measured at fair value through profit or loss, an irrevocable election at initial recognition may be made to present subsequent changes in fair value through other comprehensive income.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue from business and other activities consist primarily of revenue earned on a “time and material” basis. The related revenue is recognized as and when the material supplied / services performed. Sales are recognized inclusive of duty if any but net of GST. Export Incentives are accounted on accrual basis and include estimated realisable value / benefits from Duty Drawback, Merchandise Export Incentive Scheme (MEIS), Rebate of State & Central Taxes and Levies (ROSCTL), and Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RODTEP), etc. The expenditures are recognized on accrual basis.
Sales & Export Incentives
Sales are recognized, net of return, on dispatch of goods to
customers and are reflected in the accounts at gross realizable value net of taxes but inclusive of excise / customs duties.
Export incentives are accounted on accrual basis and include estimated realizable value / benefits from Duty Drawback, Rebate of State & Central Taxes and Levies (ROSCTL), and Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RODTEP), etc.
Investment Income
To account for income from investments on an accrual basis, inclusive of related tax deducted at source. To account for Income from dividends when the right to receive such dividends is established.
Government Grant
The Company may receive government grants that require compliance with certain conditions related to the Company's operating activities or are provided to the Company by way of financial assistance on the basis of certain qualifying criteria.
Government grants are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received, and the Company will comply with the conditions attached to the grant.
Accordingly, government grants:
(a) related to or used for assets are included in the Balance Sheet as deferred income and recognised as income over the useful life of the assets.
(b) related to incurring specific expenditures are taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss on the same basis and in the same periods as the expenditures incurred.
(c) by way of financial assistance on the basis of certain qualifying criteria are recognised as they become receivable.
In the unlikely event that a grant previously recognised is ultimately not received, it is treated as a change in estimate and the amount cumulatively recognised is expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss..
Dividend Distribution
Dividends paid is recognised in the period in which the interim dividends are approved by the Board of Directors, or in respect of the final dividend when approved by shareholders.
Employee Benefits
The Employee benefits are provided in accordance with INDAS 19 and are dealt in the following manner:
(i) Contribution to Provident Fund and other Funds are accounted on accrual basis.
(ii) Gratuity Liability is determined by actuarial valuation done at the end of the year and the current year charge is debited in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Leases
Leases are recognised as a finance lease whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
Taxes on Income
Taxes on income comprises of current taxes and deferred taxes. Current tax in the Statement of Profit and Loss is provided as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the period using tax rates and tax laws enacted during the period, together with any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and the amounts used for taxation purposes (tax base), at the tax rates and tax laws enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for the future tax consequences to the extent it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised.
Income tax, in so far as it relates to items disclosed under other comprehensive income or equity, are disclosed separately under other comprehensive income or equity, as applicable.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances related to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Claims
Claims against the Company not acknowledged as debts are disclosed after a careful evaluation of the facts and legal aspects of the matter involved.
Provisions
Provisions are recognised when, as a result of a past event, the Company has a legal or constructive obligation; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount can be reliably estimated. The amount so recognised is a best estimate of the consideration required to settle the obligation at the reporting date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.
In an event when the time value of money is material, the provision is carried at the present value of the cash flows estimated to settle the obligation.
Operating Segments
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decisionmaker (CODM). The CODM, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Corporate Management Committee.
Segments are organised based on business which have similar economic characteristics as well as exhibit similarities in nature of products and services offered, the nature of production processes, the type and class of customer and distribution methods.
Segment revenue arising from third party customers is reported on the same basis as revenue in the financial statements. Inter-segment revenue is reported on the basis of transactions which are primarily market led. Segment results represent profits before finance charges, unallocated corporate expenses and taxes.
“Unallocated Corporate Expenses” include revenue and expenses that relate to initiatives/costs attributable to the enterprise as a whole and are not attributable to segments.
Financial and Management Information Systems
The Company's Accounting System is designed to unify the Financial and Cost Records and also to comply with the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, to provide financial and cost information appropriate to the businesses and facilitate Internal Control.
Note 2Use of Estimate and Judgement
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period end. Although these estimates are based upon management's best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
A. Judgements in applying accounting policies
The judgements, apart from those involving estimations (see note below), that the Company has made in the process of applying its accounting policies and that have a significant effect on the amounts recognised in these financial statements pertain to useful life of intangible assets. The Company is required to determine whether its intangible assets have
indefinite or finite life which is a subject matter of judgement. Certain trademarks have been considered of having an indefinite useful life taking into account that there are no technical, technological or commercial risks of obsolescence or limitations under contract or law. Other trademarks have been amortized over their useful economic life. Refer notes to the financial statements.
B. Key sources of estimation uncertainty
The following are the key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period that may have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.
1. Useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets:
As described in the significant accounting policies, the Company reviews the estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets at the end of each reporting period.
2. Fair value measurements and valuation processes
Some of the Company's assets and liabilities are measured at fair value for financial reporting purposes. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market-observable data to the extent it is available. Where Level 1 inputs are not available, the Company engages third party valuers, where required, to perform the valuation. Information about the valuation techniques and inputs used in determining the fair value of various assets, liabilities and share based payments are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.
3. Actuarial Valuation:
The determination of Company's liability towards defined benefit obligation to employees is made through independent actuarial valuation including determination of amounts to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and in other comprehensive income. Such valuation depends upon assumptions determined after taking into account inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors such as supply and demand factors in the employment market. Information about such valuation is provided in notes to the financial statements.
4. Claims, Provisions and Contingent Liabilities:
The Company has ongoing litigations with various regulatory authorities and third parties. Where an outflow of funds is believed to be probable and a reliable estimate of the outcome of the dispute can be made based on management's assessment of specific circumstances of each dispute and relevant external advice, management provides for its best estimate of the liability. Such accruals are by nature complex and can take number of years to resolve and can involve estimation uncertainty. Information about such litigations is provided in notes to the financial statements.
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