2 Summary of significant accounting policies
a) Use of estimates
The preparation of Standalone financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to
make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are
based on the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions
and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or
liabilities in future periods.
b) Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment, capital work in progress are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and
accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalisation criteria
are met, directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use and initial
estimate of decommissioning, restoring and similar liabilities. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in
arriving at the purchase price. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment. When
significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates
them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is
recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are
satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in statement of profit or loss as incurred.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of property, plant and equipment are measured as the difference between
the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and
loss when the asset is derecognised.
c) Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (on FIFO / weighted average basis) and the net realisable value after
providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing
the goods to the point of sale, including octroi and other levies, transit insurance and receiving charges. Work-in¬
progress and finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads.
e) Impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any
indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's
recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) net
selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset
does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where
the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is
written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of
money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into
account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared
separately for each of the Company's cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These
budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term
growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.
Impairment losses of continuing operations are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognised
impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates
the asset's or cash-generating unit's recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only
if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last
impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its
recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no
impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit
and loss.
f) Revenue recognition
Revenue is measured at the value of the consideration received or receivable. Amounts disclosed as revenue are
net of returns, trade allowances, rebates, discounts and indirect taxes.
The Company recognises revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future
economic benefits will flow to the Company and specific criteria have been met for each of the Company's activities
as described below:-
Sale of goods
Sales are recognised when substantial risk and rewards of ownership are transferred to customer. Generally sales
take place when goods are dispatched or delivery is handed over to transporter.
Other operating revenue
Interest on investments and deposits is booked on a time-proportion basis taking into account the amounts invested
and the rate of interest.
Revenue in respect of other types of income is recognised when no significant uncertainty exists regarding
realisation of such income.
g) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity
shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus
element in a rights issue, share split and reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that have changed the number
of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity
shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects
of all dilutive potential equity shares.
h) Foreign currency transactions
Initial recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount
the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non¬
monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported
using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or
other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when
such value was determined.
Treatment of exchange differences
Exchange differences arising on settlement / restatement of foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the
Company are recognised as income or expense in the statement of profit and loss.
i) Leases
Where the Company is the lessee
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item,
are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit
and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
j) Retirement benefits
As the employees during the year are below prescribed limit for applicability of the payment of gratuity act, provision
for gratuity has not been made. Since the earned leave if any is paid as and when due, the provision for leave
encashement is not made during the year.
k) Income taxes
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be
paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws
used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income
originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured
using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to
the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realised. In situation where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward
losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that
they can be realised against future taxable profits.
At each reporting date, the company re-assesses unrecognised deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised
deferred tax asset to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes-down the
carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the
case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised.
Any such write down is reversed to the extent that is becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case
may be that sufficient future taxable income will be available.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax
assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on
income levied by same governing taxation laws.
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The
Company recognises MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the
Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed
to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognises MAT credit as an asset in accordance with
the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax
Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit
Entitlement." The Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting date and writes down the
asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified
period.
l) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing cost includes interest and amortisation of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of
borrowings.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily
takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the
respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.
m) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprises cash at bank and in hand and short¬
term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.
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