2. Summary of Significant accounting polices
2.1. Statement of compliance
For all periods upto & including the year ended March 2024, the company prepared it financial statements in accordance with accounting standards notified under the section the section 133 of the companies Act 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014 (Indian GAAP).
2.2. Basis of preparation and measurement
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (IND AS) under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis except for the following-
(i) Certain financial assets and liabilities that is measured at fair value
(ii) Defined benefit plans - planned assets measured at fair value.
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimate using another valuation technique.The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
2.3. Foreign currency transaction & translation:
The functional currency of Akar Auto Industries Limited is Indian rupee.
On initial recognition, all foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. As at the reporting date foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date and the exchange gains or losses are recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss for the year.
The company also uses foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge its exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rate. Exchange difference on such contracts is recognized in statement of profit & loss in reporting period in which exchange rate change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is recognized as income or expense in the period in which same is cancelled or rolled over.
2.4. Property Plant and equipment (PPE)
Property plant and equipment (PPE) are recognized at cost. The initial cost of PPE comprises its purchases price, including non-refundable duties and taxes net of any trade discounts and rebates. The cost of PPE includes interest on borrowings (borrowing cost) directly attributable to acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets subsequent to initial recognition, PPE are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation (other than freehold land, which are stated at cost) and impairment losses, if any.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognized when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.
Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets. However when there is no reasonable certainty that ownership will be obtained by the end of the lease term, assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and useful lives.
Depreciation is recognized so as to write off the cost of assets (other than freehold land and capital work in progress) less their residual values over the useful lives, using the straight-line method ("SLM"). Management believes based on a technical evaluation (which is based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers warranties and maintenance support, etc.)
Cost of lease hold assets are amortized over period of their respective lease.
The carrying values of property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, either fully or partially. The residual values, useful life and depreciation method are reviewed at each financial year-end to ensure that the amount, method and period of depreciation are in consistent with the previous estimates and the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodiedin the items of property plant and equipment.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or lossarising on disposal or retirement of an item of property plant and equipment is determined as the difference between sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in profit or loss. Fully depreciated assets still in use are retained in financial statements.
2.6. Capital work-in-progress and intangible assets under development
Capital work -in-progress/ intangible assets under development are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expensed and attributable borrowing cost. Other expenditure incurred during the construction period which are not related to the construction activity nor are incidental thereto, are charged to statement of profit & loss.
2.7. Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.
2.8. Financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at their respective fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than the financial assets and financial liabilities at their respective fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability. IND AS 109 requires certain categories of financial assets and liabilities to be measured at amortized cost using effective interest rate method. In accordance with IND AS 109 "effective interest rate" is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipt through the expected life of financial asset or financial liability to the gross carrying amount of financial asset or to amortized cost of financial liability.
Financial assets at amortized cost
Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost if these financial assets areheld within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows that give rise on specified dates to solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding and by selling financial assets.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
Financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss; unless it is measured at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognized in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.
Equity instruments
An equity instrument is a contract that evidences residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments recognized by the Company are measured at the proceeds received net off direct issue cost.
2.8. Derivative financial instruments
The Company enters into certain derivative contracts with an intention to hedge assets & liabilities, firm commitment and highly probable transactions. Such contracts are accounted as per the policy stated in foreign currency transaction & translations.
2.9. Impairment
Financial assets (other than at fair value)
The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortized cost and FVTOCI debt instruments. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.
For trade receivables only, the Company applies the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognized from initial recognition of the receivables.
PPE and intangibles assets
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite life are evaluated for recoverability whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable, either fully or partially. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-inuse) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash generating unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
2.10. Inventories
Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to their present location and condition, including octroi and other levies transit insurance and receiving charges. Work-in-progress and finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads. Stores & spared are valued at cost after considering cost of obsolescence and estimated useful life. Scrap is valued at net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
2.11. Revenue recognition
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. Revenue is reduced for estimated customer returns, rebates and other similar allowances.
2.11.1 Sale of goods
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and titles have passed, at which time all the following conditions are satisfied:
• The Company has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;
• The company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;
• The amount of revenue can be measured reliably; and
• It is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.
2.11.2 Rendering of services
Income recognition for services takes place as and when the services are performed.
2.11.3 Interest Income
Interest income from financial assets is recognized when it is probable that economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliable. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial assets to the asset's net carrying amount on initial recognition.
2.11.4 Dividend
Dividend income, if any, from investments is recognized when the shareholder's right to receive payment has been established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably).
2.11.5 PSI Incentive
PSI Incentive is accounted on basis of accrual concept based on eligibility certificate received from Regional Joint Director of Industries, Chh. Sambhaji Nagar, (Aurangabad), (Maharashtra).
2.12. Leases
Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. Leases where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases.
Finance Lease:
Assets held under finance leases are initially recognized as assets of the Company at their fair value at the inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the Balance sheet as a finance lease obligation.
Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets or, where shorter, the term of the relevant lease. Lease payments are apportioned between finance expenses and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance expenses are recognized immediately in profit or loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Company's general policy on borrowing costs. Contingent rentals are recognized as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.
Operating lease:
Assets held under operating leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets or, where shorter, the term of the relevant lease.
2.13. Employee benefit expenses
Employee benefits consist of contribution to provident fund, gratuity fund, and compensated absences.
2.13.1 Post-employment benefit plans Defined Contribution plans
Employee benefit in form of contribution to provident fund managed by government authorities, Employee state Insurance Corporation and labor welfare fund are considered as defined contribution plans and are charge to statement of profit or loss statement for the year in which employee renders the related services.
Defined benefit plans
The Company's gratuity fund scheme is considered as defined benefit plan. The company's liability is determined on basis of actuarial valuation using projected unit credit method as at the balance sheet date. The liability or asset recognized in the balance sheet in respect of its defined benefit plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The present value of the said obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows, using market yields of government bonds that have tenure approximating the tenures of the related liability. Theinterest income / (expense) are calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The net interest income / (expense) on the net defined benefit liability or asset is recognized in the Statement of Profit and loss.
Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income they are included in retained earnings in the Statement of Changes in Equity and in the Balance Sheet.Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognized immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.
2.13.2 Short term employee benefit
Compensated absences which accrue to employees and which can be carried to future periods but are expected to be encashed or availed in twelve months immediately following the year end are reported as expenses during the year in which the employees perform the services that the benefit covers and the liabilities are reported at the undiscounted amount of the benefits after deducting amounts already paid. Where there are restrictions on availment of encashment of such accrued benefit or where the availment of encashment is otherwise not expected to wholly occur in the next twelve months, the liability on account of the benefit is actuarially determined using the projected unit credit method.
2.14. Borrowing cost
Borrowing costs are interest and ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings. General and specific borrowing costs attributable to acquisition and construction of any qualifying asset (one that takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its designated use or sale) are capitalized until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale, and included as part of the cost of that asset. Investment Income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization. All the other borrowing costs are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss within Finance costs of the period in which they are incurred.
2.15. Income tax
Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during the year. Current and deferred taxed are recognized in statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.
Current tax
Current tax is measured at the amount of tax expected to be payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act,1961.
Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis
Deferred tax
Deferred income tax is recognized using the Balance sheet approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount, except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.
Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that either future taxable profits or reversal of deferred tax liabilities will be available, against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.
The carrying amount of a deferred tax asset shall be reviewed at the end of each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively reenacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realized or the deferred tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority.
|