1. Corporate Information

Amara Raja Energy & Mobility Limited [formerly known as Amara Raja Batteries Limited] (“the Company”) is one of the largest manufacturers of lead-acid storage batteries for industrial and automotive applications in India. The equity shares of the Company are listed on the BSE Limited and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited. The Company's products are supplied to customer groups viz., Telecom, Railways, Power Control, Solar and UPS under Industrial Battery business; and to Automobile OEMs, Replacement Market and Private Label Customers under Automotive Battery business. The Company's products are exported to various countries in the Indian Ocean Rim. The Company also provides installation, commissioning and maintenance services. The leading automotive and industrial battery brands of the Company are Amaron®, PowerZone®, Power Stack®, AmaronVolt® and Quanta®.

The Board of Directors of the Company have approved a change in name of the Company from Amara Raja Batteries Limited to Amara Raja Energy & Mobility Limited. The new name, conveys the Company's commitment to becoming a leader in the energy and mobility sector. It accurately represents current business activities and future aspirations to strengthen market position, enhance brand value, and capitalize on new opportunities.

The change in name of the Company was approved by the shareholders of the Company on August 12, 2023. The Company has also received a fresh certificate of incorporation from the Ministry of Corporate Affairs dated September 27, 2023.

2. Material Accounting Policies and Key Accounting Estimates and JudgementsA. Statement of compliance

These financial statements are the separate financial statements of the Company (also called standalone financial statements) prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (“Ind AS”) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act”) read together with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended). The financial statements have also been prepared in accordance with the relevant presentation requirements of the Act.

B. Basis of preparation and presentation

These financial statements have been prepared on historical cost convention and on an accrual basis except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained

in the accounting policies set out below. These financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (?) which is also the Company's functional currency.

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

C. Operating Cycle

All assets have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Act and Ind AS 1 -Presentation of Financial Statements, based on the nature of the products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents.

D. Key accounting estimates and judgements

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires Management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

The following are the criticaljudgements and estimates that have been made in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements.

i) Provision for warranty

The Company estimates and provides for liability for product warranties in the year in which the products are sold. These estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency, quantum of warranty claims and corrective actions against product failures and the estimates are reviewed annually for any material changes in assumptions. The cost of warranty is net of realisable

scrap value and the best estimate of relevant freight expenses. The timing of outflows will vary based on the actual warranty claims.

ii) Useful lives of Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Com pany. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset's expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of Company's assets are determined by Management at the time the asset is acquired and is reviewed at the end of each reporting period. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technology. This reassessment may result in change in depreciation expense in future periods.

iii) Fair value measurement of financial instruments

Some of the Company's assets and liabilities are measured at fair value for financial reporting purposes. In estimating the fair value of an asset or liability, the Company uses market-observable data to the extent available. Where Level 1 inputs are not available, the fair value is measured using valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow model, which involves various judgments and assumptions. The Company also engages third party qualified valuers to perform the valuation in certain cases. For certain investments in equity instruments, where more recent information to measure fair value is insufficient, or there is a wide range of possible fair value measurements, cost is considered as the best estimate of fair value. The appropriateness of valuation techniques and inputs to the valuation model are reviewed by the Management.

(iv) Business combinations and intangible assets

Business combinations are accounted for using Ind AS 103, Business Combinations. Ind AS 103 requires the identifiable intangible assets to be fair valued in order to ascertain the net fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquiree. Significant estimates are required to be made in determining the value of intangible assets. These valuations are conducted by independent valuation experts.

(v) Impairment of Goodwill

Goodwill are tested for impairment on an annual basis and whenever there is an indication that the recoverable amount of a cash generating unit is less than its carrying amount based on a number of factors including operating results, business plans, future cash flows and economic conditions. The recoverable amount of cash generating units is determined based on higher of value-in-use and fair value less cost to sell. The goodwill impairment test is performed at the level of the cash-generating unit or groups of cash-generating units which are benefitting from the synergies of the acquisition and which represents the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes.

Market related information and estimates are used to determine the recoverable amount. Key assumptions on which management has based its determination of recoverable amount include estimated long term growth rates, weighted average cost of capital and estimated operating margins. Cash flow projections take into account past experience and represent management's best estimate about future developments.

vi) Income Taxes

The Company's tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgments are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid / recovered for uncertain tax positions.

vii) Actuarial Valuation

The determination of Company's liability towards defined benefit obligation to employees is made through independent actuarial valuation including determination of amounts to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and in other comprehensive income. Such valuation depend upon assumptions determined after taking into account inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors. Information about such valuation is provided in the notes to the financial statements.

viii) Insurance Receivable

The amount expected to be reimbursed against a provision is recognised as a separate asset, but only when it is determined to be virtually certain in accordance with the accounting policy.

ix) Other estimates

The preparation of financial statements involves estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Specifically, the Company estimates the probability of collection of accounts receivable by analysing historical payment patterns, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness and current economic trends. If the financial condition of a customer deteriorates, additional allowances may be required.

E. Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and the net realisable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The method of determination of cost of various categories of inventories is as follows:

(i) Raw materials and bought-out components, stores and spares and loose tools: Weighted average cost. Cost includes purchase cost and other attributable expenses.

(ii) Finished Goods and Work-in-progress: Weighted average cost of production which comprises direct material cost, direct wages and appropriate overheads based on normal level of activity.

(iii) Stock-in-trade: Weighted average cost.

F. Investment in subsidiaries:

Investment in subsidiaries are carried at cost less accumulated impairment, if any.

G. Property, plant and equipment

(i) Recognition and measurement:

Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost includes deemed cost which represents the carrying value of property, plant and equipment recognised as at April 1, 2015 measured as per the Accounting Standards notified under the Section 133 of the Act, read together with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, which the Company elected in accordance with Ind AS 101.

Cost comprises the purchase price net of any trade discounts and rebates, any import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the tax authorities), any directly attributable expenditure in making the asset ready for its intended use. Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with an item of property, plant and equipment and whose use is expected to be irregular are capitalised and depreciated over the useful life of the spares or the principal item of the relevant assets, whichever is lower.

Capital work-in-progress are items of property, plant and equipment which are not yet ready for their intended use and are carried at cost, comprising direct cost and related incidental expenses.

(ii) Depreciation:

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment has been provided on the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Act except in respect of the following category of assets, in which case the life of the assets has been assessed based on technical advice taking into account the nature of the asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating condition of the asset, past history of replacement, maintenance support, etc., Freehold land is not depreciated.

Property, plant and equipment's residual values and useful lives are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and changes, if any, are treated as changes in accounting estimate and accounted for on a prospective basis.

Assets individually costing T 5,000 and below are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds

and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is de-recognised.

H. Business combinations

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method under the provisions of Ind AS 103, Business Combinations. At the acquisition date, identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are measured at fair value except deferred tax asset or liability and any liability or asset relating to employee benefit arrangements arising from a business combination are measured and recognised in accordance with the requirements of Ind AS 12, Income Taxes and Ind AS 19, Employee Benefits, respectively. For this purpose, the liabilities assumed include contingent liabilities representing present obligation and they are measured at their acquisition date fair values irrespective of the fact that outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is not probable. The consideration transferred is measured at fair value at the acquisition date

Where the consideration transferred exceeds the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the excess is recorded as goodwill. Alternatively, in case of a bargain purchase wherein the consideration transferred is lower than the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the Company after assessing fair value of all identified assets and liabilities, record the difference as a gain in other comprehensive income and accumulate the gain in equity as capital reserve.

The transaction costs, other than costs relating to the issue of equity or debt securities in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred.

I. Goodwill and Other Intangible assets

Goodwill acquired in a business combination is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the consideration transferred over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, in accordance with Ind AS 103.

Goodwill is not amortised but is reviewed for impairment at least annually. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Company's cash-generating units (or groups of cash-generating units) expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. Cash-generating units to which goodwill has been allocated are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount of the unit, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit

and then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in a subsequent period.

Intangible assets that the Company controls and from which it expects future economic benefits are capitalised upon acquisition and measured initially for separately acquired assets, at cost comprising of the purchase price (including import duties and non-refundable taxes) and directly attributable costs to prepare the assets for its intended use. The useful life of an intangible asset is considered finite where there is a likelihood of technical and technological obsolescence.

Intangible assets that have a finite lives are amortised over their estimated useful lives as per the straight line method unless it is practical to reliably determine the pattern of benefits arising from the asset.

The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, but the effect of any change in estimates being accounted for on a prospective basis.

Intangible assets comprising software are amortised over a period of 5 years. The amortisation period for technical know-how has been assessed as 8 years, representing the period over which economic benefits from the use of technical know-how is expected to be utilized.

All intangible assets are tested for impairment. Amortisation expenses, impairment losses and reversal of impairment losses are considered in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Thus, after initial recognition an intangible asset is carried at its costs less accumulated amortization and /or impairment losses.

J. Impairment of assets

Impairment loss, if any, is provided to the extent, the carrying amount of assets or cash generating units exceed their recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is higher of an asset's net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset or cash generating unit and from its disposal at the end of its useful life.

Impairment loss recognised in prior years are reversed when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised no longer exist or have decreased. Such reversals are recognised as an increase in carrying amounts of assets to the extent that it does not exceed the carrying amounts that would have been determined (net of amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised in previous years.

K. Foreign currency transactions and translations

In preparing the financial statements of the Company, transactions in currencies other than the entity's functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rate of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. The date of transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income (part of it) is the date on which the entity initially recognises the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from payment or receipt of advance consideration. Monetary assets and liabilities relating to foreign currency transactions remaining unsettled at the end of each reporting period are translated at the exchange rates prevailing at that date.

Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

L. Government grants

Government grants are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received, and the Company will comply with the conditions attached to the grant.

Government grants related to revenue are recognised on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs which they are intended to compensate. Such grants are deducted in reporting the related expense. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as deferred revenue in the Balance Sheet and transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.

M. Employee benefits

(i) Defined contribution plans

The Company's contributions to Provident Fund (Government administered), Employees' State Insurance Scheme and Superannuation Fund (under a scheme of Life Insurance Corporation of India), considered as defined contribution plans are charged as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the employees have rendered services entitling them to the contributions.

(ii) Defined benefit plans

For defined benefit plans in the form of gratuity fund, administered under a scheme of the Life

Insurance Corporation of India, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each reporting period. The defined benefit obligations recognized in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined obligations as reduced by the fair value of plan assets, if applicable. Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur and are not reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the subsequent periods. Past service cost is recognised in profit or loss in the period of a plan amendment. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset.

All expenses represented by current service cost, past service cost, if any, and net interest on the defined benefit liability (asset) are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(iii) Short term and other long term employee benefits

The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences. The employees can carry forward a portion of the unutilised accumulating compensated absences and utilise it in future periods or receive cash at retirement or termination of employment. The Company records an obligation for compensated absences in the period in which the employee renders the services that increases this entitlement. The Company measures the expected cost of compensated absences as the additional amount that the Company expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the end of the reporting period. The Company recognises accumulated compensated absences based on actuarial valuation. Non-accumulating compensated absences are recognised in the period in which the absences occur. The Company recognises actuarial gains and losses immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

N. Revenue recognition

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised on transfer of control of promised goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company is expected to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at an amount of transaction price (net of returns and discounts) allocated to that performance obligation. The discount is estimated based on the expected value of outflow.

Sale of goods:

Revenue from sale of products is recognised when control of the goods have been transferred to the customer. The performance obligation in case of sale of product is satisfied at a point in time i.e. when the material is shipped to the customer or on delivery to the customer, as may be specified in the contract.

Sales related warranties associated with batteries can not be purchased separately and they serve as an assurance that the products sold comply with agreed upon specifications. Accordingly, the Company accounts for warranties in accordance with Ind AS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.

Sale of services:

Revenue from installation, commissioning and maintenance services is recognised based on the contracts with customers and when the services are rendered by measuring progress towards satisfaction of performance obligation for such services.

Other Income:

Interest income is recognised using effective interest method. Dividend income is accounted for in the year when the right to receive such dividend is established and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably.

O. Financial instruments, Financial assets, Financial liabilities

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the relevant instrument and are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value on initial recognition of financial assets or financial liabilities. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial asset or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Purchase or sale of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trade) are recognised on the trade date i.e. the date when the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

The classification of financial instruments depends on the objective of the Company's business model for which it is held and on the substance of the contractual terms / arrangements. Management determines the classification of its financial instruments at initial recognition.

(i) Financial assets

Recognition: Financial assets include Investments, Trade receivables, Security Deposits, Cash and cash equivalents. Such assets are initially recognised at transaction price when the Company becomes party to contractual obligations. The transaction price includes transaction costs unless the asset is being fair valued through the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Classification: Financial assets are classified as those measured at:

(a) amortised cost, where the financial assets are held within a business model solely for collection of cash flows arising from payments of principal and/ or interest as per contractual terms. Such assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment loss.

(b) fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), where the financial assets are held not only for collection of cash flows arising from payments of principal and interest but also from the sale of such assets. Such assets are subsequently measured at fair value, with unrealised gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value being recognised in other comprehensive income.

(c) fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), where the assets are managed in accordance with an approved investment strategy that triggers purchase and sale decisions based on the fair value of such assets. Such assets are subsequently measured at fair value, with unrealised gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value being recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

FVTPL is a residual category for financial assets. Any financial asset which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortised cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as FVTPL.

Trade receivables, Security Deposits, Cash and cash equivalents etc. are classified for measurement at amortised cost while investments may fall under any of the aforesaid classes. However, in respect of particular investments in equity instruments that would otherwise be measured at fair value through profit or loss, an irrevocable election on an instrument by instrument basis at initial recognition may be made to present subsequent changes in fair value through other comprehensive income. This election is not permitted if the equity instrument is held for trading.

Impairment: The Company assesses at each reporting date whether a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) such as investments, trade receivables, and security deposits held at amortised cost and financial assets that are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income are tested for impairment based on evidence or information that is available without undue cost or effort. Expected credit losses are assessed and loss allowances recognised if the credit quality of the financial asset has deteriorated significantly since initial recognition.

As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historically observed default rates are updated and changes in forward-looking estimates are analysed.

Reclassification: When and only when the business model is changed, the Company shall reclassify all affected financial assets prospectively from the reclassification date as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, fair value through profit or loss without restating the previously recognised gains, losses or interest and in terms of the reclassification principles laid down in the Ind AS relating to Financial Instruments.

De-recognition: Financial assets are derecognised when the right to receive cash flows from the assets has expired, or has been transferred, and the Company has transferred substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership. Concomitantly, if the asset is one that is measured at:

(a) amortised cost, the gain or loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss;

(b) fair value through other comprehensive income, the cumulative fair value adjustments previously taken to reserves are reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss unless the asset represents an equity investment in which case the cumulative fair value adjustments previously recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the “equity instruments through other comprehensive income” will not be reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the investments.

(ii) Financial liabilities

Borrowings, trade payables and other financial liabilities are initially recognised at the value of the respective contractual obligations. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the liability is extinguished, that is, when the contractual obligation is discharged, cancelled and on expiry. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liabilities de-recognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Offsetting Financial Instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is included in the Balance Sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

P. Insurance Claim Receivable

Income from insurance proceeds is recognised when (i) it is virtually certain that a valid and adequate insurance policy exists to cover the insured event entitling the Company to a compensation as per the terms and conditions of the policy and (ii) when the amount of compensation expected to be received for a valid insurance claim made and admitted can be measured reliably. Where the final amount of such compensation is subject to final acceptance / determination by the insurance company pending completion of survey or other required activities, the amount of insurance income recognised is restricted to the amount of the loss or expenses recognised in the statement of profit and loss for the insured event. Any additional amount of compensation is recognised only on final acceptance and determination by the insurance company.

Q. Assets classified as held for sale

The Company classifies assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale rather than through continuing use of the assets and actions required to complete such sale indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan to sell will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Also, such assets are classified as held for sale only if the management expects to complete the sale within one year from the date of classification. Assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less cost to sell. Non-current\ assets are not depreciated or amortised.

R. Leases

The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether, (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset ("ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.

Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

S. Income Taxes

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. Current and deferred tax are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

Current Tax

Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the taxation authorities based on the taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from "Profit before tax” as reported in the Statement of

Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible under the Income-tax Act, 1961. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the current tax amount are those that are enacted by the reporting date and applicable for the period. The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and liability simultaneously.

Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of such deferred tax assets to be utilised.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the corresponding current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority.

T. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle such obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of such obligation.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (where the effect of the time value of money is material).

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be recovered and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not require an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits or the amount of such obligation cannot be measured reliably. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which likelihood of outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

U. Research and development expenses

Revenue expenditure pertaining to research is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Development costs of products are also charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss unless a product's technical feasibility has been established, in which case such expenditure is capitalised. The amount capitalised comprises expenditure that can be directly attributed or allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis to creating, producing and making the asset ready for its intended use. Property, plant and equipment utilised for research and development are capitalised and depreciated in accordance with the policies stated for property, plant and equipment.

V. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

W. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for purposes of cash flow statement include cash on hand, in banks and demand deposits with banks, net of outstanding bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand, book overdraft and are considered part of the Company's cash management system.

X. Exceptional items

An ordinary item of income or expense which by its size, nature, occurrence or incidence requires a disclosure in order to improve understanding of the performance of the Company is treated as an exceptional item in the Statement of Profit and Loss account.

Y. Application of new accounting pronouncements

The Company has applied the following Ind AS pronouncements pursuant to issuance of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023 with effect from April 1, 2023. The effect is described as below:

• Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements - The amendment requires disclosure of material accounting policies instead of significant accounting policies. In the Standalone financial statements the disclosure of accounting policies has been accordingly modified. The impact of such modifications to the accounting policies is expected to be insignificant.

• Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors - The amendment has defined accounting estimate as well as laid down the treatment of accounting estimate to achieve the objective set out by accounting policy. There is no impact of the amendment on the Standaolone Financial Statements.

• Ind AS 12 - Income taxes - the definition of deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability is amended to apply initial recognition exception on assets and liabilities that does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. There is no impact of the amendment on the Standalone Financial Statements.