27. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
27.1. Statement of Compliance
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as notified under the Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (Act) read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015. The presentation of the Financial Statements is based on Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013.
27.2. Basis of preparation and presentation of financial statements
These financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ('Act') (to the extent notified) and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or liability, the company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability at the measurement date. In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into:
Level 1 (unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date);
Level 2 (inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1) that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly;Property Plant and Equipment (PPE)
Level 3 (unobservable inputs for the asset or liability). Fair value in respect of equity financial instruments are the quoted prices of those instruments in the stock exchanges at the measurement date.
a) Current and Non-Current Classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classifications asset is treated as current when it is:
• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold orconsumed in normal operating cycle;
• Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle,
• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading,
• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
b) Functional and Presentation Currency
Items included in the financial statements of the Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (“the functional currency”). Indian rupee is the functional currency of the Company. The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (') which is the Company's presentation currency. All financial information presented in Indian Rupees has been rounded up to the nearest Lakhs except where otherwise indicated.
c) Use of Estimates
The preparation of standalone financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the management to make estimates and judgements that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and other comprehensive income (OCI) that are reported and disclosed in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events, historical experience, actions that the Company may undertake in the future and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the standalone financial statements in the year in which the changes are made.
d) Standards notified but not yet effective
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Companies (Indian Accounting standards) Amendment Rules, 2023 dated March 31,2023 to amend the following Ind AS which are effective from April 1, 2023.
(i) Definition of Accounting estimates - Amendments to Ind AS 8 :
The amendments clarify the distinction between the changes in accounting estimates and changes in accounting policies and the correction of errors. It has also been clarified how entities use measurement techniques and inputs to develop accounting estimates. The amendments are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.
(ii) Disclosure of Accounting Policies - Amendments to Ind AS 1
The amendments aim to help entities provide accounting policy disclosures that are
more useful by replacing the requirements for entities to disclose their 'significant' accounting policies with a requirement to disclosure their 'material' accounting policies and adding guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures. The company do not expect this amendment to have any significant impact on Company's financial statements.
(iii) Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from single transaction -Amendments to Ind AS 12
This amendment has narrowed the scope of the initial recognition exemption so that it does not apply to transactions that give rise to equal and offsetting temporary differences. The Company has evaluated the amendment and there is no impact on Company's financial statements.
Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. During the year ended March 31,2024, MCA has not notified any new standards or amendments to the existing standards applicable to the Company.
27.3. Property Plant and Equipment
Property Plant and Equipment are initially recognised at cost. The initial cost of PPE comprises its purchase price, including non-refundable duties and taxes net of any trade discounts and rebates. The cost of PPE includes interest on borrowings (borrowing cost) directly attributable to acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets. Subsequent to initial recognition, PPE are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation (other than freehold land, which are stated at cost) and impairment losses, if any.
The residual values, useful life and depreciation method are reviewed at each financial year-end to ensure that the amount, method and period of depreciation are consistent with previous estimates and the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the items of property, plant and equipment.
Any gain or loss arising on disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss. Fully depreciated assets still in use are retained in the Standalone financial statements.
Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets (other than freehold land and capital work in progress) less their residual values over the useful lives, using the straightline method (“SLM”). During the year the company has adopted useful life of the following assets purchased as per the details given below.
27.4. Intangible assets
An intangible asset is an identifiable non-monetary asset without physical substance. An intangible asset with finite useful life that are acquired separately and where the useful life is 2 years or more is capitalised and carried at cost less accumulated amortization.
Amortization is recognised on a straight line basis over the useful life of the asset. A life of 6 years is estimated for Computer software acquired by the company.
27.5 Impairment of assets
At the end of each reporting period, the company determines whether there is any indication that its assets (tangible, intangible assets and investments in equity instruments in joint ventures and associates carried at cost) have suffered an impairment loss with reference to their carrying amounts. If any indication of impairment exists, the recoverable amount of such assets is estimated and impairment is recognised, if the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of the fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
27.6. Leases
The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company leases land and buildings for warehouse facilities.
27.7. Capital work-in-progress and intangible assets under development
Capital work-in-progress/intangible assets under development are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable borrowing cost, less impairment losses if any. Age wise capital work in progress is given in note no.1B to balance sheet.
27.8. Non-derivative financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability.
Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.
Trade receivables
Trade receivables are initially recognised at fair value. Subsequently, these assets are held at amortized cost net of any expected credit losses. Loss allowance on trade receivables is measured at an amount equal to life time expected losses i.e., expected cash shortfall. Age wise trade receivable is given in note no.6 to balance sheet.
Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows that give rise on specified dates to solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding and by selling financial assets.
The Company has made an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value of equity investments not held for trading in Other Comprehensive Income.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognised in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Equity instruments
An equity instrument is a contract that evidences residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments recognised by the Company are measured at the proceeds received net off direct issue cost.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in standalone financial statements if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
Investments in subsidiaries
A subsidiary is an entity that is controlled by the Company. The Company accounts for the investments in equity shares of subsidiaries at cost in accordance with Ind AS 27- Separate Financial Statements.
In respect of investment in equity share capital of group captive power companies which are made to comply with the provisions of Electricity Rules 2003, these investments are carried at cost as these investments can be sold back only at par.
Derivative financial instruments
The Company has no derivative contracts to hedge risks during the year.
A financial asset is regarded as credit impaired when one or more events that may have a detrimental effect on estimated future cash flows of the asset have occurred. The Company applies the expected credit loss model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets (i.e. the shortfall between the contractual cash flows that are due and all the cash flows (discounted) that the Company expects to receive).
27.9. Inventories
The Company uses the same cost formula for all inventories of similar nature and use. The cost formula used is applied on a consistent basis from period to period.
Raw materials, components, stores and spares of inventory are measured at weighted average cost. Materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Work in progress and finished goods are valued at cost or Net Realisable Value whichever is lower. Cost includes direct materials, labour and a portion of manufacturing overheads. Saleable scrap is valued at lowest of the net realisable value in the last two months.
27.10. Revenue recognition Sale of goods
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer which is usually on dispatch / delivery. Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, which is the consideration, adjusted for volume discounts, rebates, scheme allowances, price concessions, incentives, and returns, if any, as specified in the contracts with the customers. Revenue excludes taxes collected from customers on behalf of the government.
Rendering of services
Revenue from rendering of services is recognised overtime as and when the customer receives the benefit of the Company’s performance and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for services transferred.
Other Operating revenues
Other operating revenues comprise income from ancillary activities incidental to the operations of the Company and are recognised when the right to receive the income is established as per the terms of the contract.
Dividend and Interest Income
Dividend income from investments is recognized when the Company’s right to receive payment has been established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably).
Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably).
Insurance claims
Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted and to the extent that there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims.
Government grants (including export incentives) are recognised only when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and the grants will be received. Government grants whose primary condition is that the Company should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire capital assets are presented by deducting them from the carrying value of the assets. The grant is recognized as income over the life of a depreciable asset by way of a reduced depreciation charge. Export benefits are accounted for in the year of exports based on eligibility and when there is no uncertainty in receiving the same.
27.11. Employee Benefits Defined contribution plans Provident fund (PF)
Contribution towards PF is determined under the Employees’ Provident Funds & Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period of incurrence when the services are rendered by the employees.
Defined benefit plans
As per the records of the Company none of the employees come under the purview of Payment of Gratuity Act. With regard to other terminal benefits payable to employees the Company makes a payment of such benefits every year and hence no provision is required.
Compensated leave absences
Compensated leave absences are encashed by employees at year end and no carry forward of leave is permitted as per the leave policy. All leave remaining to be encashed at period end are fully provided.
27.12 Borrowing cost
Borrowing costs are interest and ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings. General and specific borrowing costs attributable to acquisition and construction of any qualifying asset (one that takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its designated use or sale) are capitalised until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale, and included as part of the cost of that asset. Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation. All the other borrowing costs are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss within Finance costs of the period in which they are incurred.
27.13. Foreign Currency Transactions
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the books by applying the exchange rates as on the date of transaction. Foreign currency assets are converted at the exchange rate prevailing on the last working day of the accounting year and the exchange is adjusted to the Profit & Loss Account.
27.14. Income Taxes
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit and loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
Current tax is measured at the amount of tax expected to be payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority.
27.15 Statement of Cash Flows
Statement of Cash Flows is prepared segregating the cash flows into operating, investing and financing activities. Cash flow from operating activities is reported using indirect method, adjusting the profit before tax excluding exceptional items.
27.16 Segment reporting
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance.
The Company is engaged in manufacture and sale of yarn and thus the company has only one reportable segment (i.e.) Textile business.
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