1. CORPORATE INFORMATION

Brief description of the Company

The Andhra Sugars Limited ('the company") is a leading manufacturers' of Sugar, Industrial Alcohol, & Chlor Alkali Products, Aspirin, Sulphuric Acid, Liquid & Solid Propellants, and also generating power through renewable and non-renewable resources.

The company is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office at Tanuku, Andhra Pradesh, India. The securities of the company were listed in National Stock Exchange of India Limited.

1.1 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accounting policies mentioned herein are relating to the standalone financial statements of the Company.

a) Basis of preparation of financial statements

These financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

These financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention except for certain class of financial assets/ liabilities and net liability for defined benefit plans that are measured at fair value. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

b) Current and Non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification.

Cash or cash equivalent is treated as current, unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. In respect of other assets, it is treated as current when it is:

• expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in the normal operating cycle

• held primarily for the purpose of trading

• expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is treated as current when:

• it is expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle

• it is held primarily for the purpose of trading

• it is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

• there is no un conditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

c) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and notes thereto. The management believes that these estimates and assumptions are reasonable and prudent. However, actual results could differ from these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in the current and future period.

This note provides an overview of the areas that involved a higher degree of judgment or complexity, and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turning out to be different than those originally assessed. Detailed information about each of these estimates and judgments is included in the relevant notes together with information about the basis of calculation for each affected line item in the financial statements.

d) Significant Estimates and judgements

The areas involving critical estimates or judgments are:

i) Estimation of fair value of unlisted securities-

ii) Defined benefit obligation -

iii) Estimation of useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment -

iv) Estimation and evaluation of provisions and contingencies relating to tax litigations.

v) Estimation of uncertainties relating to the global health pandemic from COVID-19

The COVID -19 pandemic is an evolving human tragedy declared as global pandemic by the World Health Organization with adverse impact on economy and business. In light of these circumstances, the company has considered the possible effects, if any, that may result from Covid-19 on the carrying amounts of financial assets, inventory, receivables, advances, etc., as well as liabilities accrued. Based on the assessment of current indicators of future economic conditions, the management does not envisage any significant impact on its financial results and its financial position as on 31st March 2022. In developing the assumptions and estimates relating to the uncertainties as the Balance sheet date in relation to the recoverable amounts of these assets, the management has considered the global economic conditions prevailing as at the date of approval of these financial results and has used the internal and external sources of information to the extent determined by it. The actual outcome of these assumptions and estimates may vary in future due to the impact of the pandemic.

e) Amendments to Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) issued notifications dated 24th March, 2021 to amend Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013 to enhance the disclosures required to be made by the Company in its financial statements. These amendments are applicable to the Company for the financial year starting 1st April, 2021 and applied to the standalone financial statements:

a. Lease liabilities separately disclosed under the head 'financial liabilities', duly distinguished as current or non-current.

b. Certain additional disclosures in the standalone Statement of Changes in Equity such as changes in equity share capital due to prior period errors and restated balances at the beginning of the current reporting period.

c. Additional disclosure for shareholding of promoters.

d. Additional disclosure for ageing schedule of trade receivables, trade payables, capital work-in-progress.

e. Specific disclosure such as title deeds of immovable property not held in the name of the Company.

f. Additional disclosures relating to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and undisclosed income.

f) Property, Plant and Equipment

Freehold Land is carried at historical cost. All other items of Property Plant and Equipment are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation / amortization and impairment, if any. Cost includes purchase price, taxes and duties, labour cost and directly attributable overheads incurred upto the date the asset is ready for its intended use. However, cost excludes Excise Duty, Value Added Tax andService Tax, to the extent credit of the duty or tax is availed of.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as separate asset is de-recognized when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to Profit or Loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are

included in profit or loss within other gains/ (losses).

Depreciation and amortization

i) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is charged over the estimated useful life of the asset,

• On part of buildings, Main plant and machinery and Electrical Installations of Caustic Soda division, Aspirin, Wind Power at Ramagiri, Wind Power Tamilnadu, Power Generation and Sugar units at Taduvai and Bhimadole and all buildings, Plant and Machinery, Electrical Installations, Weigh Bridges and Scales and Workshop Equipment of Cotton & Oil Products unit, Sulphuric Acid unit at SaggondaCoal based Power Plant at Saggonda and Solar Power Plant at Kovvur under Straight Line Method.

• On the remaining assets of the above units and all assets of other units, under Written Down value method.

• In respect of Inter unit Transfer of Assets, Depreciation is computed on the same basis as in the Transferor unit.

• In respect of the following assets, the useful life has been estimated by the technical personnel which is different from the life given under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 as detailed here under:

o Boilers, Chlorine storage Tank, MS Storage Tank, HCL Plant, DM Water plant, Diesel Generator set, ET Plant Pond, Turbines, Rectifiers, Cell Plant, Shell, Evaporation Plant, Fusion Plant, Sulphur Melting Station, Rotary Ball Mill, Bagassee Handling System, Centrifugal Machinery - 20 years.

o MS Pipe lines, Refrigeration Plant, Distributed Control System, ET Plant, Brass Tubes, Bearings, Process Plant, Sodium Sulphate Recovery Plant - 15 years.

o Cooling Towers, Instrumentation, Air Compressors, Chains - 10 years

o Solar Plant - 25 years.

ii) Residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted, if appropriate, for each reporting period.

iii) Advances paid towards the acquisition of Property, Plant and Equipment outstanding at each Balance Sheet date is classified as Capital advances under other Non-current assets and the cost of assets not put to use before such date are disclosed under Capital Work-in-Progress.

iv) Assets to be disposed off are reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value less cost to sell.

g) Capital work-in-progress

Projects under commissioning and other Capital work-in-progress are carried at cost comprising of direct and indirect costs, related incidental expenses and attributable interest. Depreciation on Capital work-in-progress commences when assets are ready for their intended use and transferred from Capital work-in-progress Group to Tangible Fixed Assets Group.

h) Investment Property:

Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transactions costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

The cost includes the cost of replacing parts and borrowing costs for long term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of the property are required to be replaced at intervals, the company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

The company depreciates building component of investment property over 30 years from the date of original purchase.

Though the company measures investment property using cost based measurement the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on an annual evaluation performed by an accredited external independent valuer.

Investment properties are de-recognized either when they have been disposed off or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss in the period of de-recognition.

i) Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment. Intangible assets are amortized over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are available for use. In respect of approved Research and Development programme, expenditure of capital nature is included in the fixed assets and other expenditure is charged off to revenue in the year in which such expenditure is incurred.

j) Impairment

i. Financial Assets:

The company recognizes loss allowances using Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through Profit and Loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables is measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognized is recognized as an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss.

ii. Non-financial assets:

Assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are compared at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groupof assets (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.

k) Foreign currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates ('the functional currency'). i.e in Indian rupee (INR) and all values are rounded off to nearest lakhs except where otherwise indicated.

(ii) Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction.

i) Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities such as cash, receivables, payables, etc., are translated at year end exchange rates.

ii) Non-monetary items denominated in foreign currency such as investments, fixed assets, etc., are valued at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction.

iii) Exchange differences arising on settlement of transactions and translation of monetary items are recognized as income or expense in the year in which they arise.

l) Investment in Subsidiaries and Associates:

Investments in subsidiaries are measured at cost as per Ind AS 27 - Separate Financial statements.

An investment in an associate is accounted for using the equity method from the date on which the investee becomes an associate. On acquisition of the investment in an associate, any excess of the cost of the investment over the company's share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities of the investee is recognized as goodwill, which is included within the carrying amount of the investment and is not tested for impairment individually. An excess of the company's share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities over the cost of the investment, after reassessment is recognized directly in equity as capital reserve in the period in which the investment is acquired.

m) Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and cost necessary to make the sale.

i) Cost of raw materials, components, stores, spares and work-in-process are valued at cost, determined on a first-in-first-out basis except stores & spares which are valued at weighted average cost.

ii) Materials and supplies held for use in production of inventories are not written down if the finished products in which they will be used are expected to be sold at or above cost. Slow and non-moving material, obsolesces, defective inventories are duly provided for.

iii) By-products and scrap are valued at net realizable value and it is reduced from cost of the main product.

iv) Excess/ shortages, if any, arising on physical verification are absorbed in the respective consumption accounts.

v) The net realisable value of work-in-progress is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished products.

n) Cash and Cash equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions/banks, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet.

o) Cash flow statement:

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby the profit for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the company are segregated.

p) Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in profit or loss.

q) Financial assets

All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognized and de-recognized on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets with in the time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place.

All recognized financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortized cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets

For the impairment policy on financial assets - refer Para No. j (i).

1) Classification of financial assets

Debt instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortized cost (except for debt instruments that are designated as at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition):

• the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and

• the contractual terms of the instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Debt instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (except for debt instruments that are designated as at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition):

• the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

• the contractual terms of the instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Interest income is recognized in profit or loss for FVTOCI debt instruments. For the purposes of recognizing foreign exchange gains and losses, FVTOCI debt instruments are treated as financial assets measured at amortized cost. Thus, the exchange differences on the amortized cost are recognized in profit or loss and other changes in the fair value of FVTOCI financial assets are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated under the heading of 'investment Revaluation reserve' through other comprehensive income'. When the investment is disposed of the cumulative gain or loss previously accumulated in this reserve is reclassified to profit or loss.

All other financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value through Profit and loss.

2) Effective interest method

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified as at FVTPL. Interest income is recognized in profit or loss and is included in the "Other income" line item.

3) Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI

On initial recognition, the company can make an irrevocable election (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to present the subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income pertaining to investments in equity instruments. This election is not permitted if the equity investment is held for trading. These elected investments are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the 'investment Revaluation Reserve' through other comprehensive income'. The cumulative gain or loss is not reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the investments.

A financial asset is held for trading if:

• it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or

• on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the company manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-making; or

• it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument or a financial guarantee.

The company has equity investments which are not held for trading. The company has elected the FVTOCI irrevocable option for both of these investments. Fair value is determined in the manner described in Para No t.

Dividends on these investments in equity instruments are recognized in profit or loss when the company's

right to receive the dividends is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity, the dividend does not represent a recovery of part of cost of the investment and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably. Dividends recognized in profit or loss are included in the 'Other income' line item.

4) Financial assets at fair value through profit or Loss (FVTPL)

Investments in equity instruments are classified as at FVTPL, unless the company irrevocably elects on initial recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income for investments in equity instruments which are not held for trading .

Debt instruments that do not meet the amortized cost criteria or FVTOCI criteria (see above) are measured at FVTPL. In addition, debt instruments that meet the amortized cost criteria or the FVTOCI criteria but are designated as at FVTPL are measured at FVTPL.

A financial asset that meets the amortized cost criteria or debt instruments that meet the FVTOCI criteria may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognizing the gains and losses on them on different bases. The company has not designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL.

Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognized in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognized in profit or loss incorporates any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the 'Other income' line item. Dividend on financial assets at FVTPL is recognized when the company's right to receive the dividends is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity, the dividend does not represent a recovery of part of cost of the investment and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably.

5) De-recognition of financial assets

The Company de-recognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognizes its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognize the financial asset and also recognizes a collateralized borrowing for the proceeds received.

6) Foreign exchange gain and losses

The fair value of financial assets denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of each reporting period.

• For foreign currency denominated financial assets measured at amortized cost and FVTPL, the exchange differences are recognized in profit or loss except for those which are designated as hedging instruments in a hedging relationship.

• Changes in the carrying amount of investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI relating to changes in foreign currency rates are recognized in other comprehensive income.

• For the purposes of recognizing foreign exchange gains and losses, FVTOCI debt instruments are treated as financial assets measured at amortized cost. Thus, the exchange differences on the amortized cost are recognized in profit or loss and other changes in the fair value of FTVOCI financial assets are recognized in other comprehensive income.

Financial liabilities and equity instrument

1) Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments issued by a company entity are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument

2) Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a company entity are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Re-purchase of the Company's own equity instruments is recognized and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company's own equity instruments.

3) Financial liabilities

All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method or at FVTPL.

(i) Financial liabilities at FVTPL

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is either contingent consideration recognized by the Company as an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 applies or is held for trading or it is designated as at FVTPL.

A financial liability is classified as held for trading if:

• it has been incurred principally for the purpose of repurchasing it in the near term; or

• on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or

• it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.

A financial liability other than a financial liability held for trading or contingent consideration recognized by the Company as an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 applies, maybe designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if:

• such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise;

• the financial liability forms part of a company of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Company's documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the company is being provided internally on that basis; or

• it forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and Ind AS 109 permits the entire combined contract to be designated as at FVTPL in accordance with lnd AS 109.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognized in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognized in profit or loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability and is included in the 'Other income' line item.

However, for non-held-for-trading financial liabilities that are designated as at FVTPL, the amount of change in the fair value of the financial liability that is attributable to changes in the credit risk of that liability is recognized in other comprehensive income, unless the recognition of the effects of changes in the liability's credit risk in other comprehensive income would create or enlarge an accounting mismatch in profit or loss, in which case these effects of changes in credit risk are recognized in profit or loss. The remaining amount of change in the fair value of liability is always recognized in profit or loss. Changes in fair value attributable to a financial liability's credit risk that are recognized in other comprehensive income are reflected immediately in retained earnings and are not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss.

Gains or losses on financial guarantee contracts and loan commitments issued by the Company that are designated by the Company as at fair value through profit or loss are recognized in profit or loss.

Fair value is determined in the manner described in Para - t.

(ii) Financial liabilities subsequently measured at amortized cost

Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at

amortized cost at the end of subsequent accounting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortized cost are determined based on the effective interest method. lnterest expense that is not capitalized as part of costs of an asset is included in the 'Finance costs' line item.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

De-recognition of financial liabilities

The Company de-recognizes financial liabilities when and only when, the Company's obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. An exchange between with a lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. Similarly, a substantial modification of the terms of an existing financial liability (whether or not attributable to the financial difficulty of the debtor) is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability de-recognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in profit or loss.

r) Borrowings

Borrowing cost incurred in connection with the funds borrowed for acquisition/erection of assets that necessarily take substantial period of time to get ready for intended use, are capitalized as part of such assets. Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing cost eligible for capitalization. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

s) Provisions and contingent liabilities

i) Provision:

A provision is recorded when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The estimated liability for product warranties is recorded when products are sold based on technical evaluation.

Provisions are measured at the present value of management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. Provisions are discounted when time value of money is material. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as interest expenses.

ii) Contingent liabilities:

Wherever there is a possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity or a present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognized because (a) it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; or (b) the amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability. Show cause notices are not considered as Contingent Liabilities unless converted into demand.

iii) Contingent assets:

Wherever there is a possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity. A contingent asset is disclosed when the inflow of economic benefit is probable.

t) Fair value measurement:

In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the company uses a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date. The methods used to determine fair value include discounted cash flow analysis, available quoted market prices and dealer quotes. All methods of assessing fair value resulting general approximation of value, and such value may never actually be realized.

u) Revenue recognition

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and net of returns, trade allowances rebates and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. It excludes Goods and Services Tax.

Sale of products:

As per Ind AS 115, "Revenue from contracts with customers" Revenue from sale of products is recognized, when the performance obligation is satisfied, by transferring promised goods to the customer. An asset is transferred when (or as) the customer obtains control to the Asset, as per the terms of contract and it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company.

Internal Transfers from one unit to the other unit are recognized at Market value of the Product/Service at the Time of Transfer.

Interest Income:

Interest income from debt instruments is recognized using the effective interest rate method and is accrued on a time basis. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying value of a financial asset. While calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options), but does not consider the expected credit losses.

Dividends:

Dividends are recognized in profit or loss only when the right to receive payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of dividend can be reliably measured.

v) Government Grants

Grants from the government are recognized at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the Company will comply with all attached conditions.

Grants related to revenue items are presented as part of profit or loss under general heading such as other income or they are deducted in reporting the related expenses.

Government grants relating to the purchase of property, plant and equipment are included in non-current liabilities as deferred income and are credited to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the expected lives of the related assets and presented within other income.

Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the company with no future related costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they become receivable.

The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant, measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates.

Exceptional Items

An item of income or expense which by its size, nature, type or incidence requires disclosure in order to improve an understanding of the performance of the Company is treated as an exceptional item and disclosed as such in the financial statements.

w) Employee benefits

i) Short term obligations:

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognized in respect of employees' services upto the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

ii) Other long-term employee benefit:

The liabilities for earned leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of the expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employee upto the end of reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Re-measurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in profit or loss.

The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.

iii) Post-employment obligation:

The Company operates the following post-employment schemes:

a) Defined benefit plans such as gratuity for its eligible employees,

b) Defined contribution plans such as provident fund and

c) Superannuation Gratuity obligation:

The liability or asset recognized in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit pension and gratuity plan is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by Actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation denominated in INR is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on the Government Bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss.

Re-measurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income (net-off deferred tax). They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognized immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.

Provident Fund and Employees' state Insurance Scheme:

Eligible employees of The Andhra Sugars Limited receive benefits from a provident fund and Employees' State Insurance scheme which is a defined benefit plan. Both the eligible employee and the company make monthly contributions to the Provident Fund and Employees' State Insurance equal to a specified percentage of the covered employee's salary.

Superannuation:

Certain employees of The Andhra Sugars Limited are participants in a defined contribution plan. The Company has no further obligations to the Plan beyond its monthly contributions which are periodically contributed to a trust fund, the corpus of which is invested with the Life Insurance Corporation of India.

x) Taxes on income:

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred taxes. The income tax expense(income) for the period is the tax payable on the current period's taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate for each jurisdiction adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses.

The current income tax is the amount of income taxes payable in respect of the taxable profit (tax loss) for a period.Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements.

However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred income tax is also not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognized only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognized in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Where the Company's entitled to claim special tax deductions for investments in qualifying assets or in relation to qualifying expenditure (the Research and Development or other investment allowances), the Company accounts for such allowances as tax credits, which means that the allowance reduce income tax payable and current tax expense. A deferred tax asset is recognized for unclaimed tax credits that are carried forward as deferred tax assets.

y) Leases

The Company has adopted Ind AS 116-Leases effective from 1st April, 2019, using the modified retrospective method. The company has applied the standard to its lease with the cumulative impact recognised on the date of initial application (1st April, 2019). Accordingly, previous period information has not been restated.

The Company's lease asset consists of lease for Building. The Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:

(i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset

(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and

(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset ("ROU") and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and leases of low value assets.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognised at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any

initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates. The lease liability is subsequently remeasured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability, reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made.

A lease liability is remeasured upon the occurrence of certain events such as a change in the lease term or a change in an index or rate used to determine lease payments. The remeasurement normally also adjusts the leased assets.

Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

z) Dividend:

Final dividends on shares are recorded as liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the company's board of directors.

aa) Expenditure on approved Research and Development Programme:

In respect of approved Research and Development Programme expenditure of capital nature is included in Property, Plant and Equipment and other expenditure is charged off to revenue in the year in which such expenditure is incurred.

ab) Segment reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of our entity for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance, the company's chief operating decision maker is the Chairman and Managing Director.

The company has identified business segments (industry practice) as reportable segments. The business segments comprise 1) Sugars, 2) Chlor Alkali, 3) Power Generation, 4) Industrial Chemicals and 5) Others such as bulk drug, UH 25 and MMH, Liquid Hydrogen, HTPB.

Revenue and expenses directly attributable to segments are reported under each reportable segment. Expenses which are not directly attributable to each reporting segment have been allocated on the basis of associated revenue of the segment. All other expenses which are not attributable or allocable to segments have been disclosed as un-allocable expenses.

Assets and liabilities that are directly attributable or allocable to segments are disclosed under each reportable segment. All other assets and liabilities are disclosed as un-allocable. Property, Plant and equipment that are used interchangeably among segments are not allocated to reportable segments.