1. Corporate overview

Ansal Properties and Infrastructure Limited (“APIL” or the “Company”), was incorporated in 1967. The Company's main business is real estate promotion and development in residential and commercial segment. The Company deals in residential, commercial and retail properties located in the areas of Delhi NCR, U.P, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, etc. The Company is listed on the National Stock Exchange of India Limited and BSE Limited.

The registered office of the Company is situated at 115, Ansal Bhawan, 16 K.G. Marg, New Delhi, India.

These financial statements were approved and adopted by board of directors of the Company in their meeting held on 28^th May, 2024.

1A. Material Uncertainty on Going Concern

The accumulated losses of the Company as on March 31, 2024, is Rs.1,52,537.82 lakhs(these accumulated losses were partly due to the reversal of earlier profits of Rs. 1,17,518.87 lakhs in retained earnings as at April 1, 2018 by the Company on adoption of Ind AS - 115 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” with effect from April 1, 2018 ). As at March 31,2024, the accumulated losses exceed the share capital and free reserves of the Company. Due to recession in the industry, the Company continues to face challenges in liquidity of inventory and profitability. The management of the company has taken various initiatives and in view of its confidence in achieving these initiatives, the management has assessed that the going concern assumption is appropriate in the preparation of these standalone financial statements of the Company for the period ended March 31, 2024.

2. Basis of preparation and material accounting policies

A. Basis of preparation

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the section 133 of the Companies Act2013, (the 'Act') read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the financial statement.

The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis on historical cost convention, except as stated otherwise.

Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

i. Operating cycle

The normal operating cycle in respect of operation relating to under construction real estate project depends on signing of agreement, size of the project, phasing of the project, type of development, project complexities, approvals needed &realisation of project into cash & cash equivalents and range from 3 to 5 years. Accordingly project related assets & liabilities have been classified into current & non-current based on operating cycle of respective projects. All other assets and liabilities have been classified into current and non-current based on a period of twelve month.

ii. Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian rupees,which is the functional currency of theCompany. All the financial information presented in Indian rupees has been rounded to the nearest Lakhs.

iii. Significant management judgment in applying accounting policies and estimation uncertainty

The preparation of the Company's financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the related disclosures.

Significant management judgments

a. Recognition of deferred tax assets - The extent to which deferred tax assets can be recognized is based on a assessment of the probability of the future taxable income against which the deferred tax assets can be utilized.

b. Classification of leases - The Company enters into leasing arrangements for various assets. The classification of the leasing arrangement as a finance lease or operating lease is based on an assessment of several factors, including, but not limited to, transfer of ownership of leased asset at end of lease term, lessee's option to purchase and estimated certainty of exercise of such option, proportion of lease term to the asset's economic life, proportion of present value of

minimum lease payments to fair value of leased asset and extent of specialized nature of the leased asset.

c. Impairment of financial assets - At each balance sheet date, based on historical default rates observed over expected life, the management assesses the expected credit loss on outstanding financial assets.

d. Provisions - At each balance sheet date basis the management judgment, changes in facts and legal aspects, the Company assesses the requirement of provisions against the outstanding contingent liabilities. However the actual future outcome may be different from this judgment.

e. Revenue from contracts with customers- The Company has applied judgments that significantly affect the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers.

Significant estimates

a. Net realizable value of inventory - The determination of net realizable value of inventory involves estimates based on prevailing market conditions, current prices and expected date of commencement and completion of the project, the estimated future selling price, cost to complete projects and selling cost. The Company also involves specialist to perform valuations of inventories, wherever required.

b. Valuation of investment property - Investment property is stated at cost. However, as per Ind AS 40 there is a requirement to disclose fair value as at the balance sheet date. The Company engages independent valuation specialists to determine the fair value of its investment property as at reporting date. The determination of the fair value of investment properties requires the use of estimates such as future cash flows from the assets (such as lettings, future revenue streams, capital values of fixtures and fittings, any environmental matters and the overall repair and condition of the property) and discount rates applicable to those assets. In addition, development risks (such as construction and letting risk) are also taken into consideration when determining the fair value of the properties under construction. These estimates are based on local market conditions existing at the balance sheet date.

c. Defined benefit obligation (DBO) - Management's estimate of the DBO is based on a number of underlying assumptions such as standard rates of inflation, mortality, discount rate and anticipation of future salary increases. Variation in these assumptions may significantly impact the DBO amount and the annual defined benefit expenses.

d. Fair value measurements - Management applies valuation techniques to determine the fair value of financial instruments (where active market quotes are not available). This involves developing estimates and assumptions consistent with how market participants would price the instrument.

e. Valuation of investment in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates - Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are carried at cost. At each balance sheet date, the management assesses the indicators of impairment of such investments. This requires assessment of several external and internal factor including capitalisation rate, key assumption used in discounted cash flow models (such as revenue growth, unit price and discount rates) or sales comparison method which may affect the carrying value of investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates.

2A. Material accounting policies

A. Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at original cost net of tax/ duty credit availed, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, when significant part of the property, plant and equipment are required to replace at intervals, the company derecognized the replaced part and recognized the new parts with its own associated useful life and it depreciated accordingly. Likewise when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance cost are recognized in the statement of the profit and loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of the asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

Internally manufactured/constructed property, plant and equipment are capitalised at factory cost/construction cost including taxes whatever is applicable.

Capital expenditure on tangible assets for research and development is classified under property and equipment and is depreciated on the same basis as other property, plant and equipment.

Property, plant and equipment are derecognised from the financial statements, either on disposal or when no economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Losses arising in the case of retirement of property, plant and equipment and gain or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.

B. Investment properties

Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. The cost includes the cost of replacing parts and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of the investment property are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in the statement of profit and loss as and when incurred.

Though the Company measures investment property using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on an annual evaluation performed by an accredited external independent valuer.

Investment properties are derecognized either when they have been disposed off or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in statement of profit and loss in the period of de-recognition.

C. Intangible assets

Capital expenditure on purchase and development of identifiable assets without physical substance is recognized as intangible assets in accordance with principles given under Ind AS-38 - Intangible Assets.

The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the assets are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. Expenses Incurred during construction period,preliminary project expenditure, capital expenditure, indirect expenditure incidental and related to construction / implementation, interest on borrowings to finance fixed assets and expenditure on start-up / commissioning of assets forming part of a composite project are capitalized up to the date of commissioning of the project as the cost of respective assets.

D. Depreciation and amortization

The assets' residual values, useful lives and methods of deprecation are reviewed each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if applicable.

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided over the useful life of assets as specified in schedule II of the Act.Property, plant and equipment which are added / disposed off during the year, deprecation is provided pro-rata basis with reference to the month of addition / deletion.

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is calculated on a written down basis (WDV basis).

E. Capital work-in-progress

Capital work-in-progress/intangible assets under development are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable borrowing cost.

F. Impairment of non-financial assets

Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and assets classified as investment property with finite life are evaluated for recoverability whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

If the recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is estimated to be less than it's carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.

Impairment losses on continuing operations, including impairment on inventories are recognized in the statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation taken to other comprehensive income. For such properties, the impairment is recognized in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation surplus.

G. Inventories

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and costs required to make the sale.

H. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand and at bank, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the cash flows statement, cash and cash equivalents consists of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdraft as they are being considered as an integral part of the Company's cash management.

I. Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

Where the Company is the lessee

The Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:

(i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset

(ii) the Company has substantially all the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and

(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short term leases) and leases of low value assets. For these short term and leases of low value assets, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight line basis over the term of the lease. The right-of-use assets are initially recognised at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates. The lease liability is subsequently re-measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability, reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made.

A lease liability is re-measured upon the occurrence of certain events such as a change in the lease term or a change in an index or rate used to determine lease payments. The re-measurement normally also adjusts the leased assets.

ROU asset have been presented under the head of Property, Plant & Equipment, Lease liabilities presented under the head of Other Current financial liabilities & other non-current financial liabilities in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

The Company does not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with less than twelve months of lease term and low-value assets on the date of initial application.

Where the Company is the lessor

Rental Income from operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease, costs including depreciation are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

J. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all potential dilutive equity shares.

K. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets General

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event and it is probable that the outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settled the obligation in respect of which reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the expense relating to provision presented in the statement of profit & loss is net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are disclosed using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risk specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as finance cost.

Contingent liability is disclosed in the notes incase of:

• There is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.

• A present obligation arising from past event, when it is not probable that as outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation

• A present obligation arises from the past event, when no reliable estimate is possible

• A present obligation arises from the past event, unless the probability of outflow is remote.

Commitments include the amount of purchase order (net of advances) issued to parties for completion of assets. Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

Onerous contracts

A provision for onerous contracts is measured at the present value of the lower expected costs of terminating the contract and the expected cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established, the Company recognizes impairment on the assets with the contract.

Contingent assets

Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

L. Investment in subsidiaries in joint ventures and associates

Investments in equity shares of subsidiaries, joint ventures & associates are recorded at cost and reviewed for impairment at each balance sheet date.

M. Income taxes

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Minimum alternate tax

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset, it is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as part of deferred tax asset. The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purpose at reporting date. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment or the substantive enactment date. A deferred income tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax assets to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow deferred tax assets to be recovered.

The company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

N. Advances to subsidiaries, associates and others for purchase of land

Advances given to subsidiaries, associates and land holding companies for acquiring land are initially classified as 'Advances' for purchase of land under “Other non- current/ current assets”. On obtaining the license for a land, the full cost of the land is transferred to cost of land, an item of cost of construction, from 'advance against land'.

O. Revenue recognition

i. Revenue from contract with customer

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received/receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government and is net of rebates and discounts. The Company assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. The Company has concluded that it is acting as a principal in all of its revenue arrangements.

The Company has applied five step model as per Ind AS 115 'Revenue from contracts with customers' to recognize revenue in the financial statements. The Company satisfies a performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time, if one of the following criteria is met:

a) The customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company's performance as the Company performs; or

b) The Company's performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced; or

c) The Company's performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company and the entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

For performance obligations where one of the above conditions are not met, revenue is recognized at the point in time at which the performance obligation is satisfied.

Revenue is recognized at point of time based on various conditions as included in the contracts with customers.

Point of Time:

Revenue from real-estate projects

Revenue is recognized at a Point in Time w.r.t. sale of real estate units, including Built Up, land, plots, FSI etc.as and when the control passes on to the customer which is generally at the time of handing over of the possession to the customer.

ii. Contract balances Contract assets

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognized for the earned consideration that is conditional.

Trade receivables

A receivable represents the Company's right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due). Refer to accounting policies of financial assets and financial instruments - initial recognition and subsequent measurement.

Contract liabilities

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognized when the payment is made, or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when the Company performs under the contract

iii. Income from know how fee is recognized as per the terms of the agreement with the recipient of know how.

iv. Indirect costs are treated as “period costs” and are charged to the statement of profit and loss in the year in which they are incurred.

v. Surrender of flats by buyers are valued at cost and accounted for as surrender of rights under 'cost of construction' in the case of projects in progress and once sold, proceeds are treated as 'Sales'.

vi. For recognizing income and working out related cost of construction, in case of developed land, flats / shops/ houses/ farms etc., major self-contained residential township projects are divided into various schemes such as plotted area, constructed houses, commercial area, malls etc.

vii. Whereas all income and expenses are accounted for on accrual basis, interest on delayed payments by customers against dues and holding charges, interest claims for delay in projects and assured returns to customers are taken into account on realization or payment owing to practical difficulties and uncertainties involved.

viii. Interest income on fixed deposits with banks is recognized on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rates applicable.

ix. Dividend income from investments is recognized when the Company's right to receive payment is established.

P. Foreign currency translation/conversion

Standalone financial statements have been presented in Indian Rupees (Rs.), which is the Company's functional and presentation currency.

• Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the functional currency, using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

• Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Nonmonetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

• Exchange differences

The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognized in OCI or profit and loss are also recognized in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).

Q. Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognized at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognized in statement of profit and loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognized as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalized as a prepayment for liquidity services and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.

Borrowings are removed from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognized in the statement of profit and loss as other gains/(losses).

R. Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the projects are charged to the respective project on the basis of expenditure incurred net of customer collections.

Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

S. Employee benefits

Expenses and liabilities in respect of employee benefits are recorded in accordance with Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS)-19 - 'Employee Benefits'.

Defined contribution plan:

Retirement benefits in the form of provident fund and superannuation scheme are a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the provident fund/trust.

Defined benefit plan:

The Company's liabilities on account of gratuity and earned leaves on retirement of employees are determined at the end of each financial year on the basis of actuarial valuation certificates obtained from registered actuary in accordance with the measurement procedure as per Indian Accounting Standard (INDAS)-19- 'Employee Benefits'. Gratuity liability is funded on year-to-year basis by contribution to respective fund. The costs of providing benefits under these plans are also determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year end. Actuarial gains and losses for defined benefit plans are recognized through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

Accumulated leaves, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date. The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method at the year-end.

T. Financial Instruments

(a) Financial Assets

i. Classification

The Company classified financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value though other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of its business model for managing the financial assets and contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

ii. Initialrecognition and measurement

The Company recognizes financial assets when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of financial assets.

iii. Subsequent measurement

For the purpose of subsequent measurement the financial assets are classified in three categories:

• Debt instruments at amortised cost

• Debt instrument at fair value through profit or loss

• Equity investments

iv. Debt instrument at amortised cost

A “debts instrument” is measured at the amortised cost if both the following condition are met.

• The assets is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flow, and

• Contractual terms of the assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principle and interest (SPPI) on the principle amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount and premium and fee or costs that are an integral part of an EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

v. Debt instrument at fair value through profit or loss

Debt instruments included within the fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) category are measured at fair

value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

vi. Equity investments

All equity investments other than investment in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the company decides to classify the same either as at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) or FVTPL. The company makes such election on an instrument-by- instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in other compressive income (OCI). There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to statement of profit or loss, even on sale of such investments.

Equity instruments includedwithin the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit or loss.

vii. Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognized when:

• The right to receive cash flows from the assets have expired or

• The company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the assets, or

• The company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the assets, but has transferred control of the assets.

viii. Impairment of financial assets

The company applies 'simplified approach' measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

• Financial assets that are debt instrument and are measured at amortised cost e.g. loans, debt securities, deposits, and bank balance.

• Trade receivables

The application of simplified approach does not require the company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognized impairment loss allowance based on lifetime expected credit loss at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

(b) Financial liabilities

i. Classification

The company classifies all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortized cost

ii. Initial recognition and measurement

All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loan and borrowings and payables net of directly attributable transaction costs.

iii. Loan and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) Method. Gain and losses are recognized in statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognized.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and transaction cost. The EIR amortization is included as finance cost in the statement of profit and loss.

This category generally applies to loans & borrowings.

iv. Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are, substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective

carrying amount recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

v. Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(c) Share capital

i. Equity shares

Incremental cost directly attributable to the issue of equity shares are recognized as a deduction from equity.

U. Segment accounting and reporting

The chief operational decision maker monitors the operating results of its business segments separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit and loss and is measured consistently with profit and loss in the financial statements.

The operating segments have been identified on the basis of the nature of products/ services.

i. Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with/ allocable to the segment including intersegment revenue.

ii. Expenses that are directly identifiable with/ allocable to the segments are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses not allocable to segments are included under unallocable expenditure.

iii. Income not allocable to the segments is included in unallocable income.

iv. Segment results includes margin on inter segment and sales which are reduced in arriving at the profit before tax of the company.

v. Segment assets and Liabilities includes those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Assets and liabilities not allocable to any segment are classified under unallocable category.

V. Fair value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets & liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and the risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.