l(i) Company background

Apollo Tricoat Tubes Limited incorporated on January 12, 1983 is engaged in the business of production of ERW steel tubes and GP Coils. The Company has two manufacturing unit one at Bengaluru, Karnataka and second at Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. The Company is a public company listed on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The registered office of the Company is in New Delhi.

The financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2022 were approved by the Board of Directors and authorized for issue on May 6, 2022.

(ii) Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies applied by the Company in the preparation of its financial statements are listed below. Such accounting policies have been applied consistently to all the periods presented in these financial statements.

(a) Statement of compliance

The financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, as amended from time to time as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, the relevant provision of the Companies Act 2013 (“the Act”).

(b) Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability, if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/ or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 116, and measurements that have some similarities to fair

value but are not fair value, such as net realizable value in Ind AS 2 or value in use in Ind AS 36.

In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;

Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

(c) Use of estimates and critical accounting judgements

In preparation of the financial statements, the Company makes judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and the associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and the underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and future periods affected.

The following are the critical judgements, apart from those involving estimations that the directors have made in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements.

Useful lives of property, plant and equipment (‘PPE’)

The Company reviews the estimated useful lives and residual value of PPE at the end of each reporting period. The factors such as changes in the expected level of usage, technological developments and product life-cycle, could significantly impact the economic useful lives and the residual values of these assets. Consequently, the future depreciation charge could be revised and thereby could have an impact on the profit of the future years.

Defined benefit plans

The cost of the defined benefit plans and the present value of the defined benefit obligation ('DBO') are based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. ALL assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized to the extent that it is regarded as probable that deductible temporary differences can be realized. The Company estimates deferred tax assets and liabilities based on current tax laws and rates and in certain cases, business plans, including management's expectations regarding the manner and timing of recovery of the related assets. Changes in these estimates may affect the amount of deferred tax liabilities or the valuation of deferred tax assets and thereby the tax charge in the Statement of Profit or Loss.

Provision for tax liabilities require judgements on the interpretation of tax legislation, developments in case law and the potential outcomes of tax audits and appeals which may be subject to significant uncertainty.

Therefore, the actual results may vary from expectations resuLting in adjustments to provisions, the vaLuation of deferred tax assets, cash tax settLements and therefore the tax charge in the Statement of Profit or Loss.

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

The fair value of financial instruments, that are not traded in an active market, is determined by using valuation techniques. This involves significant judgements in seLection of a method in making assumptions that are mainLy based on market conditions existing at the BaLance Sheet date and in identifying the most appropriate estimate of fair vaLue when a wide range of fair vaLue measurements are possibLe.

(d) Operating cycle

Based on the nature of products/activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.

(e) Foreign currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian rupee (INR), which is functional and presentation currency.

(ii) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are transLated into the functionaL currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are generaLLy recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Foreign exchange differences regarded as an adjustment to borrowing costs are presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss, within finance costs. ALL other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a net basis within other gains/(losses).

(f) Revenue recognition

The revenue is recognised once the entity satisfied that the performance obligation and control are transferred to the customers.

(i) Sale of goods

The Company derives revenue from Sale of Goods and revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised goods to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods. To recognize revenues, the Company applies the following five step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenues

when a performance obligation is satisfied. The Company recognises revenue at point in time.

Any change in scope or price is considered as a contract modification. The Company accounts for modifications to existing contracts by assessing whether the services added are distinct and whether the pricing is at the selling price.

The Company accounts for variable considerations like, volume discounts, rebates and pricing incentives to customers as reduction of revenue on a systematic and rational basis over the period of the contract. The Company estimates an amount of such variable consideration using expected value method or the single most likely amount in a range of possible consideration depending on which method better predicts the amount of consideration to which we may be entitled.

Revenues are shown net of allowances/returns, goods and services tax and applicable discounts and allowances.

(ii) Interest income

Interest income is accrued on a time proportion basis, by reference to the principle outstanding and the effective interest rate applicable.

(iii) Services rendered

Revenue from service related activities is recognised as and when services are rendered and on the basis of contractual terms with the parties.

(g) Income tax

The income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period's taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate for each year adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only, if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

The carrying value of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income.

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability. MAT is recognised as deferred tax assets in the Balance Sheet when the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the asset will be realised.

(h) Government grants

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. Government grants related to assets are presented in the balance sheet as deferred income and is

recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the expected useful life of the related assets.

(i) Leases As a lessee

The Company's lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land, buildings and vehicles. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:

(i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset

(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right of use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (shortterm leases) and low value leases. For these shortterm and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised. The right of use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the

the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. An impairment loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as and when the carrying value of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying value of the asset (or cash generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount so that the increased carrying value does not exceed the carrying value that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss immediately.

(k) Cash and cash equivalents and Cash Flow Statement

For the purpose of presentation in the Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.

Short term borrowings, repayments and advances having maturity of three months or less, are shown as net in cash flow statement.

(l) InventoriesRaw materials and stores, traded and finished goods

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (First in First Out -FIFO basis) and the net realisable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes cost of purchase, all charges in bringing the goods to the point of sale, including indirect levies, transit insurance and receiving charges. Finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads and where applicable. Inventory of stores & spares are valued at moving weighted average cost. Cost of inventories also include all other costs

incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

Inventory of Slow moving stores & spares are provided at the rate of 10% on Straight line basis.

Rejection and scrap

Rejection and scrap are valued at net realisable value.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(m) Property, plant and equipment and Capital work-in-progress

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

Cost is inclusive of inward freight, duties and taxes and incidental expenses related to acquisition or construction. All upgradation / enhancements are charged off as revenue expenditure unless they bring similar significant additional benefits. An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to Statement of Profit or Loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

Projects under which property, plant and equipment are not yet ready for their intended use are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.

Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with an item of fixed asset and whose

use is expected to be irregular are capitalised and depreciated over the useful life of 3 years.

The Company has a policy of capitalizing insurance spares having value more than or equal to T 1 lakh.

Capital work-in-progress

Projects under which tangible fixed assets are not yet ready for their intended use are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset less its estimated residual value.

Depreciation on tangible property, plant and equipment has been provided on the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except in the case of the certain categories of assets, in whose case the life of the assets has been assessed as under-based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers warranties and maintenance support, etc.

The estimated useful life of various property, plant and equipment is as under:-

(a) Buildings- 30 years

(b) Roads- 10 years

(c) Plant and machinery used in manufacturing of pipe 10-20 years

(d) Other plant and machinery- 2 to 10 years

(e) Vehicles- 8 years

(f) Furniture and fixtures- 10 years

(g) Office equipment- 2-5 years

(h) Computer - 3 years

(i) Server - 6 years

(n) Intangible assets

Intangible assets are amortised over their estimated useful life on straight line method as follows:

Computer software - 3 to 6 years

The estimated useful life of the intangible assets and the amortisation period are reviewed at the end of each financial year and the amortisation period is revised to reflect the changed pattern, if any.

(o) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss) after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss) after tax as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net profit per share from continuing ordinary operations. Potential dilutive equity shares are deemed to be converted as at the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.

(p) Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

Provisions are measured at the present value of management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period.

(q) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

Contingent liabilities and commitments are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.

(r) Employee benefits

Employee benefits include provident fund, employee state insurance scheme, gratuity, compensated absences and performance incentives.

(i) Short-term obligations

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees' services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the Balance Sheet.

The cost of short-term compensated absences is accounted as under:

(a) in case of accumulated compensated absences, when employees render the services that increase their entitlement of future compensated absences; and

(b) in case of non-accumulating compensated absences, when the absences occur.

(ii) Other long-term employee benefit obligations

The liabilities for earned leave and sick leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in profit or loss.

The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity

does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.

(iii) Post-employment obligations

Defined contribution plans: The Company's contribution to provident fund are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees.

Defined benefit plans: For defined benefit plans in the form of gratuity, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur. Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested and otherwise is amortised on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost.

(s) Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss over the period of the borrowings. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a prepayment for liquidity services and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.

Borrowings are removed from the Balance Sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss as other gains/(iosses).

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. Where there is a breach of a material provision of a long-term loan arrangement on or before the end of the reporting period with the effect that the liability becomes payable on demand on the reporting date, the entity does not classify the liability as current, if the lender agreed, after the reporting period and before the approval of the financial statements for issue, not to demand payment as a consequence of the breach.

(t) Borrowing costs

General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.

Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

(u) Financial instruments - initial recognition, subsequent measurement and impairment

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

A. Investments and other financial assets (i) Classification

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

- those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit or loss), and

- those measured at amortised cost.

The classification depends on the entity's business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in the statement of profit and loss or other comprehensive income.

The classification criteria of the Company for debt and equity instruments is provided as under:

(a) Debt instruments

Depending upon the business model of the Company, debt instruments can be classified under following categories:

- Debt instruments measured at amortised cost

- Debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income

- Debt instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss

The Company reclassifies debt instruments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes.

(b) Equity instruments

The equity instruments can be classified as:

- Equity instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss ('FVTPL')

- Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (‘FVTOCI')

Equity instruments and derivatives are normally measured at FVTPL. However, on initial recognition, an entity may make an irrevocable election (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to present in OCI the subsequent changes in the fair value of an investment in an equity instrument within the scope of Ind AS -109.

(ii) Measurement

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that

are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in the statement of profit and loss.

Debt instruments

Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Company's business model for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments:

Amortised cost: Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair value through other comprehensive income: Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets' cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. Movements in the carrying amount are taken through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses, which are recognised in profit and loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss and recognised in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair value through profit or loss: Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVTOCI are measured at fair value

through profit or loss. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the statement of profit and loss and presented net in the statement of profit and loss within other gains/(losses) in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.

Investment in equity shares

The Company subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value. Where the management has elected to present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in other comprehensive income, there is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss. Dividends from such investments are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as other income when the Company's right to receive payments is established.

Changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in other gain/ (losses) in the statement of profit and loss. Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVTOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.

(iii) Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost and FVTOCI debt instruments. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. Note 39 details how the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.

For trade receivables only, the Company applies the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables.

Expected credit loss are measured through a loss allowance at an amount equal to the following:

(a) the 12-months expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from default events on financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after reporting date); or

(b) Full lifetime expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from those default events on the financial instrument).

The Company follows 'simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivable. Under the simplified approach, the Company does not track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from initial recognition.

The Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on the portfolio of trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivable and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.

Individual receivables which are known to be uncollectible are written off by reducing the carrying amount of trade receivable and the amount of the loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss within other expenses.

Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited to other income.

(iv) Derecognition of financial assets

A financial asset is derecognised only when:

- the Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or

- retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.

Where the Company has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Where the Company has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised.

Where the Company has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognised, if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.

B. Financial Liabilities

(i) Classification

The Company classifies its financial liabilities in the following measurement categories:

- Financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss

- Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost

(ii) Measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading. At initial recognition, such financial liabilities are recognised at fair value.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are, at each reporting date, measured at fair value with all the changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial liabilities measured at Amortized Cost :

At initial recognition, all financial liabilities other than fair valued through profit and loss are recognised initially at fair value less transaction costs that are attributable to the issue of financial liability. Transaction costs of financial liability carried at fair value through profit or loss is expensed in the statement of profit and loss.

After initial recognition, financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in the statement of profit and loss over the period of the financial liabilities using the effective interest method. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down.

(iii) De-recognition of financial liability

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as other income or finance costs.

(v) Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

(w) Segment information

The Company is engaged in the business of production of ERW steel tubes. As the Company's business activity primarily falls within a single business and geographical segment i.e. manufacture of steel tubes. Therefore, there is no reportable segment for the Company as per the requirement of Ind AS 108 -Operating Segments.

(x) Rounding off amounts

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest crores as per the requirements of schedule III of the Act unless otherwise stated.

(y) Recent accounting pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (”MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On March 23, 2022, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2022, as below. Ind AS 16 - Property Plant and equipment - The amendment clarifies that excess of net sale proceeds of items produced over the cost of testing, if any, shall not be recognised in the profit or loss but deducted from the directly attributable costs considered as part of cost of an item of property, plant, and equipment. The effective date for adoption of this amendment is annual periods beginning on or after April 1, 2022. The Company has evaluated the amendment and there is no impact on its financial statements.

Ind AS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets - The amendment specifies that the 'cost of fulfilling' a contract comprises the 'costs that relate directly to the contract'. Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labour, materials) or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts (an example would be the allocation of the depreciation charge for an item of property, plant and equipment used in fulfilling the contract). The effective date for adoption of this amendment is annual periods beginning on or after April 1, 2022, although early adoption is permitted. The Company has evaluated the amendment and the impact is not expected to be material.