1. COMPANY INFORMATION

Asahi Songwon Colors Limited ("the Company") is a public limited Company domiciled and incorporated in India having CIN:L24222GJ1990PLC014789 with its registered office at "Asahi House", 20, Times Corporate Park, Thaltej - Shilaj Road, Thaltej, Ahmedabad - 380 059. The equity shares of the Company are listed on BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited.

The Company is principally engaged in the business of manufacturing & export of color pigments and its derivatives. The Company's manufacturing facility is located at Padra, Vadodara, Gujarat.

The Standalone Financial Statements as at March 31, 2025 present the financial position of the Company.

The Standalone Financial Statements for the year ended March 31, 2025 were approved by the Board of Directors and authorized for issue on May 08, 2025.

2. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2.1 Basis of Preparation of Standalone Financial Statements

i) Compliance with Ind-AS

These Standalone Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the Standalone Financial Statements of the Company.

Material Accounting Policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued Accounting Standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing Accounting Standard require a change in the Accounting Policy hitherto in use.

ii) The Standalone Financial Statements have been prepared and presented on the going concern basis and at historical cost basis considering the applicable provisions of Companies Act 2013, except for the following items that have been measured at fair value as required by relevant IND AS.

Fair Value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

a) Certain financial assets/liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments) and

b) Defined benefit plans: plan assets measured at fair value

c) Any other item as specifically stated in the accounting policy.

iii) Functional and presentation currency

The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which are the functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in INR and all values are rounded to the nearest Lakh (INR 00,000) as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

2.2 Summary of material accounting policies:

(a) Significant accounting estimates, judgements, and assumptions

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions in the application of accounting policies that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Uncertainty about these estimates and assumptions could result in different outcomes. Continuous evaluation is done on the estimation and judgments based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable.

(i) Depreciation/amortisation and useful lives of property plant and equipment

Useful lives and residual values of Property, plant and equipment represent a material portion of the Company's asset base. The periodic charge of depreciation is derived after estimating useful life of an asset and expected residual value at the end of its useful life. The useful lives and residual values of assets are estimated by the management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end. The lives are based on various external and internal factors including historical experience, relative efficiency and operating costs and change in technology.

(ii) Taxes

The Company's tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgments are involved in determining the provision for income taxes including amounts to be recovered or paid for uncertain tax positions. Management judgment is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits.

(iii) Defined benefit obligations

Defined benefit obligations are measured at fair value for financial reporting purposes. Fair value determined by actuary is based on actuarial assumptions. Management judgement is required to determine such actuarial

assumptions. Such assumptions are reviewed annually using the best information available with the Management.

(iv) Contingencies

In the normal course of business, contingent liabilities may arise from litigation and other claims against the Company. Potential liabilities that are possible but not probable of crystalising or are very difficult to quantify reliably are treated as contingent liabilities. Such liabilities are disclosed in the notes but are not recognised.

(v) Impairment of financial assets

The impairment provisions for Financial Assets are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected cash loss. The Company uses judgement in making these assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on Company's past history, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.

(b) Classification of Assets and Liabilities as current and non-Current

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/non-current classification.

An asset is treated as current when it is:

- expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;

- held primarily for the purpose of trading;

- expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

- it is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;

- it is held primarily for the purpose of trading;

- it is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- there is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent assets and liabilities. Based on the nature and time lag between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

(c) Investment in subsidiaries

A subsidiary is an entity that is controlled by another entity. Investment in subsidiaries is carried at cost less impairment, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the

carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiaries, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(d) Foreign currency translation

In preparing the financial statements of the Company, transactions in foreign currencies, other than the Company's functional currency are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rate prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency, are not retranslated.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which these arise except for:

• exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings; and

• exchange differences on transactions entered into in order to hedge certain foreign currency risks.

(e) Revenue recognition

i) Revenue from operations

Revenue is recognised when control of goods is transferred to a customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. The control of the goods is transferred upon delivery to the customers either at factory gate of the Company or specific location of the customer or when the goods are handed over to the freight carrier, as per the terms of the contract. A receivable is recognised by the Company when the goods are delivered to the customer as this represents the point in time at which the right to consideration becomes unconditional, as only the passage of time is required before payment is due.

Revenue from services, including those embedded in contract for sale of goods, namely, freight and insurance services mainly in case of export sales, is recognised upon completion of services.

Revenue is measured based on the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled as per contract with a customer. The consideration is determined based on the price specified in the contract, net of the estimated variable consideration. Accumulated experience is used to estimate and provide for the variable consideration, using the expected value method and revenue is only recognised to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal will not occur. The contracts do not grant any rights of return to the customer. Returns of goods are accepted by the Company only on an exception basis. Revenue excludes any taxes or duties collected on behalf of government that are levied on sales such as goods and services tax.

Eligible export incentives are recognised in the year in which the conditions precedent are met and there is no significant uncertainty about the collectability.

ii) Other income:

Interest income from financial assets is recognised using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options), but does not consider the expected credit losses.

Dividends are recognised in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive payment is established; it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Lease rental income is recognised on accrual basis.

Insurance claims are accounted on the basis of claims admitted/expected to be admitted and to the extent that there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims. Other revenue is recognised when it is received or when the right to receive payment is established.

(f) Government Grants

Government grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and that the grants will be received. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss by way of a deduction to the related expense on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as deferred income and is allocated to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods and in the proportions in which depreciation on those assets is charged.

(g) Taxes

Income tax expense represents the sum of tax currently payable and deferred tax. Tax is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

(i) Current Tax

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. The Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate, on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

(ii) Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheet and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences.

Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences, unabsorbed losses and unabsorbed depreciation to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences, unabsorbed losses and unabsorbed depreciation can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Company intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

(iii) Indirect taxes paid on acquisition of assets or on incurring expenses

Expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of indirect taxes paid, except:

- When the tax incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case, the tax paid is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable.

- When receivables and payables are stated with the amount of tax included.

The net amount of tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables in the balance sheet.

(h) Property, plant and equipment (PPE)

These tangible assets are held for use in production, supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses except for freehold land which is not depreciated. Cost includes purchase price after deducting trade discount/rebate, import duties, non-refundable taxes, Net of Cenvat and VAT credit/GST input credit wherever applicable, cost of

replacing the component parts, borrowing costs and other directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition in the manner intended by the management.

Land (other than investment property) held for use in production or administration is stated at cost. As no finite useful life for land can be determined, related carrying amounts are not depreciated.

If significant parts of an item of PPE have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of PPE.

The cost of an item of PPE is recognised as an asset if, and only if, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company in future periods and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Expenditure incurred after the PPE have been put into operations, such as repairs and maintenance expenses are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which they are incurred.

Items such as spare parts, standby equipment and servicing equipment are recognised as PPE when it is held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purpose, and are expected to be used for more than one year. Otherwise, such items are classified as inventory.

Expenditure on acquisition of PPE for research and development (R&D) is included in PPE and depreciation thereon is provided as applicable.

The Company adjusts exchange differences arising on translation difference/settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items outstanding and pertaining to the acquisition of a depreciable asset to the cost of asset and depreciates the same over the remaining life of the asset. The depreciation on such foreign exchange difference is recognised from first day of its financial year.

De-recognised upon disposal

An item of PPE is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss when asset is derecognised.

Treatment of expenditure during construction period

Expenditure, net of income earned, during construction (including financing cost related to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying PPE) period is included under capital work-in-progress, and the same is allocated to the respective PPE on the completion of construction. Advances given towards acquisition or construction of PPE outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed as capital advances under "Other non-current assets".

Depreciation

The depreciable amount of an asset is determined after deducting its residual value. Where the residual value of an asset increases to an amount equal to or greater than the asset's carrying amount, no depreciation charge is recognized till the asset's residual value decreases below the asset's carrying amount. Depreciation of an asset begins when it is available for use, i.e., when it is in the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the intended manner. Depreciation of an asset ceases at the earlier of the date that the asset is classified as held for sale in accordance with IND AS 105 and the date that the asset is derecognised.

The Company depreciates its property, plant and equipment (PPE) over the useful life in the manner prescribed in Schedule II to the Act. Management believes that useful life of assets are same as those prescribed in Schedule II to the Act, except for plant and equipment wherein based on technical evaluation, useful life has been estimated to be different from that prescribed in Schedule II of the Act. Useful life considered for calculation of depreciation for various assets class are as follows:

The identified component of fixed assets are depreciated over the useful lives and the remaining components are depreciated over the life of the principal assets.

Depreciation on fixed assets added/disposed of during the period is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition/disposal.

The assets residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Leasehold Land is amortised over the primary period of the lease.

(i) Intangible assets

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation

and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

Computer software

Computer software is amortised over a period of 3 years.

Internally generated intangible assets - Research and Development expenditure:

Expenditure incurred on development is capitalised if such expenditure leads to creation of any intangible asset, otherwise, such expenditure is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. PPE procured for research and development activities are capitalised.

(j) Borrowing cost

Borrowing cost includes interest expense, amortisation of discounts, ancillary costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds and exchange difference, arising from foreign currency borrowings, to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation. All other borrowing cost are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

(k) Leases

At the inception of a lease, the lease arrangements is classified as either a finance lease or an operating lease, based on the substance of the lease arrangement.

As a Lessee

The Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains a lease, at inception of the contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for short-term leases (leases with a term of twelve

months or less), leases of low value assets and, for contract where the lessee and lessor has right to terminate a lease without permission from the other party with no more than an insignificant penalty. The lease expense of such shortterm leases, low value assets leases and cancellable leases, are recognised as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

At the commencement date, lease liability is measured at the present value of the lease payments to be paid during non-cancellable period of the contract, discounted using the incremental borrowing rate. The right-of-use assets is initially recognised at the amount of the initial measurement of the corresponding lease liability, lease payments made at or before commencement date less any lease incentives received and any initial direct costs.

Subsequently, the right-of-use asset is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses. Lease liability is subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability (using effective interest rate method) and reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made. The right-of-use asset and lease liability are also adjusted to reflect any lease modifications or revised in-substance fixed lease payments.

As a lessor

Leases for which the Company is a lessor is classified as finance or operating leases. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognised as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with the expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The respective leased assets are included in the Standalone Balance Sheet based on their nature. Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Company as a lessor has substantially transferred all the risks and rewards are classified as finance lease. Finance leases are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding rent receivables, net of interest income, are included in other financial assets. Each lease receipt is allocated between the asset and interest income. The interest income is recognised in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the asset for each period.

Under combined lease agreements, land and building are assessed individually.

(l) Inventories

Inventories consisting of stores and spares, raw materials, work in progress, stock in trade, goods in transit and finished goods are valued at lower of cost or and net realisable value. However, materials held for use in production of inventories are not written down below cost, if the finished products are expected to be sold at or above cost.

The cost is computed on FIFO basis and is net of credits under GST.

Goods and materials in transit include materials, duties and taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from tax authorities) labour cost and other related overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

Traded goods include cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(m) Impairment of assets

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its PPE and other intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that these assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss. Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. The resulting impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset or CGU is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset or CGU in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment of investment in subsidiaries

The Company assess at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired if any indication exists, on which annual impairment testing for an asset is requires, the Company estimates the assets recoverable amount. An assets recoverable amount is the higher of an assets or cash generating units (CGU's) fair value less cost of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or group of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing the value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessment of the time value of money and risk specific to the asset.

In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

(n) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

Disputed liabilities and claims against the Company including claims raised by fiscal authorities (e.g. Sales Tax, Income Tax, Excise, GST etc.) pending in appeal/court for which no reliable estimate can be made and or involves uncertainty of the outcome of the amount of the obligation or which are remotely poised for crystallization are not provided for in accounts but disclosed in notes to accounts. However, present obligation as a result of past event with possibility of outflow of resources, when reliable estimation can be made of the amount of obligation, is recognized in accounts in terms of discounted value, if the time value of money is material using a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risk specific to the liability. No contingent asset is recognized but disclosed by way of notes to accounts.

(o) Post employment and other employee benefits

(a) Employee benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering services are classified as short-term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, shortterm compensated absences, performance incentives etc., are recognized during the period in which the employee renders related services and are measured at undiscounted amount expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled.

(b) Post-employment obligations

The Company operates the following post-employment schemes:

i) Defined benefit plans such as gratuity and;

ii) Defined contribution plans such as provident fund.

i) Defined benefit plans-Gratuity obligations The liability or assets recognized in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit gratuity plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligations at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets.

The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation denominated in INR is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. The benefits which are denominated in currency other than INR, the cash flows are discounted using market yields determined by reference to high quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and change in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognized immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.

ii) Defined contribution plans

The Company pays provident fund contributions to publicly administered funds as per local regulations. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognized as employee benefit expense when they are due.

(p) Financial instruments

i) Recognition and initial measurement

All financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

ii) Classification and subsequent measurement

Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at

• amortized cost;

• Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI) - equity investment; or

• Fair Value Through Profit and Loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

• the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

• the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments

of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment's fair value in OCI. (designated as FVOCI - equity investment). This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis.

Investments in subsidiary companies, associate companies and joint venture Company:

Investments in subsidiary Company is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiary Company the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognised in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at FVOCI or at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortized cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognized in profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on de-recognition is also recognized in profit or loss.

De-recognition Financial assets

The Company de-recognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognized on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized.

Financial liabilities

The Company de-recognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire. The Company also de-recognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the

modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognized in profit or loss.

Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the

liability simultaneously.

(q) Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forwards to mitigate the risk of changes in exchange rates. At the inception of a hedge relationship, the Company formally designates and documents the hedge relationship to which the Company wishes to apply hedge accounting and the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are also subsequently measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to the Statement of Profit and Loss, except for the effective portion of cash flow hedge which is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income and later to the Statement of Profit and Loss, when the hedged item affects profit or loss. Hedges that meet the criteria for hedge accounting are accounted for as follows:

Fair value hedge: The Company designates derivative contracts or non-derivative financial assets/liabilities as hedging instruments to mitigate the risk of change in fair value of hedged item due to movement in exchange rates. Changes in the fair value of hedging instruments and hedged items that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the hedging relationship no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the adjustment to the carrying amount of a hedged item for which the effective interest method is used is amortised to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the period of maturity.

Cash flow hedge: The Company designates derivative contracts or non-derivative financial assets/liabilities as hedging instruments to mitigate the risk of movement exchange rates for foreign exchange exposure on highly probable future cash flows attributable to a recognised asset or liability or forecast cash transactions. When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedging instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised in the cash flow hedging reserve being part of Other Comprehensive Income. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the hedging relationship no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. If the hedging instrument expires or is sold/

terminated or exercised, the cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in cash flow hedging reserve till the period the hedge was effective remains in cash flow hedging reserve until the underlying transaction occurs. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in the cash flow hedging reserve is transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss upon the occurrence of the underlying transaction. If the forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, then the amount accumulated in cash flow hedging reserve is reclassified in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(r) Cash flows and cash and cash equivalents

Statement of cash flows is prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in the IND AS 7. For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, cheques and drafts on hand, deposits held with Banks, other short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and book overdrafts. However, Book overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet for the purpose of presentation.

(s) Cash dividend to equity holders of the Company:

The Company recognises a liability to make cash distributions to equity holders of the Company when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity.

(t) Earnings per share

i) Basic earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing:

• The profit attributable to owners of the Company

• By the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted for bonus elements in equity shares issued during the year.

ii) Diluted earnings per share

Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account:

• The after 'income-tax' effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, and

• The weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(u) Segment reporting

Based on "Management Approach" as defined in IND AS 108 - Operating Segments, the Management evaluates the Company's performance and allocates the resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by business segments.

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

(v) Fair value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments, such as investments (other than equity investments in Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures and Associates) and derivatives at fair values at each Balance Sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

In the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest

level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest

level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines

whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

(w) Events occurring after the balance sheet date

Assets and liabilities are adjusted for events occurring after the reporting period that provides additional evidence to assist the estimation of amounts relating to conditions existing at the end of the reporting period.

Dividends declared by the Company after the reporting period are not recognized as liability at the end of the reporting period. Dividends declared after the reporting period but before the issue of financial statements are not recognized as liability since no obligation exists at that time. Such dividends are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

(x) Research and Development

Expenditure on research is recognized as an expense when it is incurred. Expenditure on development which does not meet the criteria for recognition as an intangible asset is recognized as an expense when it is incurred.

Items of property, plant and equipment and acquired intangible assets utilized for research and development are capitalized and depreciated/amortized in accordance with the policies stated for Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets.

(y) Goods and Service tax/Service tax input credit:

Goods and Service tax/Service tax input credit is accounted for in the books in the period in which the underlying service received is accounted and when there is reasonable certainty in availing/utilising the credits.

(z) Trade receivables

Trade receivables are recognised when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. These assets are held at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate (EIR) method where applicable, less provision for impairment based on expected credit loss. Trade receivable overdue for more than 180 days are considered as receivable with significant increase in credit risk.

(aa) Trade and other payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months from the reporting date. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method.

(bb) Recent accounting pronouncements:

The following new standards and amendments to existing standards are effective for the first time for financial periods beginning on or after April 01, 2024. These amendments have been evaluated by the Company and are not expected to have a material impact on its financial statements:

Ind AS 1: Classification of Liabilities as Current or NonCurrent

Ind AS 1: Non -current Liabilities with Covenants (Amendments to Ind AS 1)

Ind AS 7 and Ind AS 107: Supplier Finance Arrangements Ind AS 17: Insurance Contracts

Ind AS 101: First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards

Ind AS 103: Business Combinations (Amendments relating to Conceptual Framework alignment)

Ind AS 105: Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

Ind AS 109: Financial Instruments (Amendments relating to classification and measurement)

Ind AS 116: Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback

Ind AS 117: Insurance Contracts

The Company continues to monitor future amendments to ensure ongoing compliance with applicable accounting standards.