This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company unless otherwise stated or where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted.
a. Basis of preparation of Financial Statement
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as “Ind AS”) as prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as amended and other provisions of the Act. On March 24, 2021, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) through a notification, amended Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013 and the amendments are applicable for financial periods commencing from April 1, 2021. The Company has evaluated the effect of the amendments on its financial statements and complied with the same.
These financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting except for certain financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as stated in the accounting policies stated out below.
Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.
• Rounding of amounts
These financial statements including notes thereon have been prepared and presented in Indian Rupee (H) which is the functional currency of the Company. All amounts disclosed in the financial statements including notes thereon have been rounded off to the nearest lakhs as per the requirement of Schedule III to the Act, unless stated otherwise.
• Current or Non-Current Classification
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.
b. Property, plant and equipment
On transition to Ind AS, the Company has adopted optional exemption under Ind AS 101 to use the carrying value of property, plant and equipment as the deemed cost. Subsequently property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Costs directly attributable to acquisition are capitalized until the property, plant and equipment are ready for use, as intended by management.
c. Capital work in progress
Cost of assets not ready for intended use, as on the balance sheet date, is shown as capital work in progress. advances given towards acquisition of fixed assets outstanding at each balance sheet date are disclosed as other non-current assets.
d. Intangible asset under development
Intangible assets under development includes all costs incurred for the development of intangible assets including cost of employee benefits and other directly attributable expenses.
e. Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired are measured on initial recognition at cost and stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment loss, if any.
Intangible assets development costs are expensed as incurred unless technical and commercial feasibility of the project is demonstrated, future
Economic benefits are probable, the company has an intention and ability to complete and use or Sell the software and the costs can be measured reliably. The costs capitalized include the costs of material, direct labour and overhead costs that are directly attributable to preparing the asset for its intended use.
Acquired intangible assets are amortised under written down value method, as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Intangible assets developed with finite useful life are amortised on a straight line basis over the useful life of the asset.
f. Investment properties
On transition to Ind AS, the Company has adopted optional exemption under Ind AS 101 to use the carrying value of Investment properties as the deemed cost.
Property that is held for long-term rental yields or for capital appreciation or both, and that is not occupied by the Company, is classified as investment property. Investment property is measured initially at its cost, including related transaction costs and where applicable borrowing costs. Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the asset's carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred.
Investment properties are depreciated using the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.
g. Depreciation/amortization on property, plant and equipment
Depreciable amount for property, plant and equipment is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value.
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided on a written down value method except in case of rent out property, pl an t a n d equ ipment depreciated under straight-line method, as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The estimated useful lives of the assets are as follow:
Depreciation on additions during the year is provided on a pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition/installation. Depreciation on assets disposed /discarded is charged up to the date on which such asset is sold.
Depreciation is not recorded on capital work-in¬ progress until construction and installation are complete and the asset is ready for its intended use.
Freehold land is not depreciated.
h. Impairment of property, plant and equipment / intangible assets / investment property
An asset is considered as impaired when at the date of balance sheet there are indications of impairment and the carrying amount of the asset, or where applicable the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs exceeds its recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the net asset selling price and value in use).
The carrying amount is reduced to the recoverable amount and the reduction is recognized as an impairment loss in the statement of profit and loss. The impairment loss recognized in the prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount. Post impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying value of the impaired asset over its remaining useful life.
i. Derecognition of property, plant and equipment / intangible assets / investment property
The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment / intangible assets / investment property is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. The gain or loss arising from the d erecognition of a n item of property, pla n t a nd equipment / intangible assets / investment property is measured as the difference between the net disposal in proceeds and the carrying amount of the item and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the item is derecognised.
j. Government Grants
Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received,
And all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.
When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual installments. When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favorable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognised and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities.
k. Leases
A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
Effective April 1, 2019, the Company adopted Ind AS 116 “Leases” and applied the standard to all lease contracts existing on April 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method and has taken the cumulative adjustment to retained earnings, on the date of initial application. Consequently, the Company recorded the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments discounted at the incremental borrowing rate and the right of use asset at its carrying amount as if the standard had been applied since the commencement date of the lease, but discounted at the Company's incremental borrowing rate at the date of initial application.
• The Company as lessee
The Company's lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land and buildings. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.
At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Certain lease arrangements include the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities include these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.
The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value, less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.
The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using
the incremental borrowing rates in the country Of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are Remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if it will exercise an extension or a termination option.
Lease liability and ROU assets have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.
• The Company as lessor
Leases for which the Company is a lessor is classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Company's net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the Company's net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.
Rental income from operating leases is generally recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Company's expected inflationary cost increases, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
l. Cash and cash equivalent
The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.
For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term
deposits, as defined above, net of working capital loan outstanding as they are considered an integral part of the Company's cash management.
m. Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
n. Inventories
Inventories of raw materials, finished goods and stock in trade, are valued at lower of cost (computed on a Weighted Average basis) and net realisable value.
o. Financial instruments
Financial instruments are any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial assets and liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
• Initial Recognition
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
• Subsequent Measurement
Financial assets
Financial assets are classified into the following specified categories:
Amortised cost, financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), fair value
through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI). The classification depends on the Company's business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of cash flows.
Amortised cost
A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortised cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.
Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
A financial asset is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets.
b) The asset's contractual cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest.
Financial Assets included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI).
However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses and reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest earned whilst holding a FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.
Fair value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)
FVTPL is a residual category for financial assets. Any financial asset, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL. In addition, the Company may elect to designate a financial asset, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such an election is considered only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement
or recognition inconsistency (referred to as accounting mismatch').
Financial assets included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
• Derecognition of financial assets
A financial asset is derecognised only when:
a) The Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the asset or the rights have expired or
b) The Company retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients in an arrangement.
Where the entity has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Where the entity has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised.
• Impairment of financial assets
The Company measures the expected credit loss associated with its financial assets based on historical trend, industry practices and the business environment in which the entity operates or any other appropriate basis. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.
Financial liabilities and equity instruments
Debt or equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
Equity instruments
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the value of proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
Repurchase of the Company's own equity instruments is recognised and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognised On the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company's own equity instruments.
Financial liabilities
• Subsequent Measurement
Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost
Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fee or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
Financial liabilities at FVTPL include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as FVTPL. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the financial statements at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in other income or finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
• Derecognition of financial liabilities
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or canceled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
• Determination of fair value
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability
in an ordinary transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company uses a variety of Methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date. The methods used to determine fair value include discounted cash flow analysis and available quoted market prices. All methods of assessing fair value result in general approximation of value, and such value may never actually be realized.
For financial assets and liabilities maturing within one year from Balance Sheet date and which are not carried at fair value, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.
p. Fair Value Measurement
The fair values of the financial assets and liabilities are included at the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy that categorizes into three levels, described as follows, the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 inputs) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs).
Level 1 — quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 — inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 —inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability.
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization at the end of each reporting period and discloses the same.
q. Borrowings and borrowing costs
Borrowings are initially recognised at net of transaction costs incurred and measured at
amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest rate (EIR).
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
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