2 Significant Accounting Policies
2.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements
These Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis except certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values, the provisions of Companies Act, 2013 ('the Act') (to the extent notified) and guidelines issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the act read with Rule 3 of Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016 and other pronouncements of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) to the extent applicable.
Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly-issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.
As the quarterly and yearly figures are taken from the source and rounded to the nearest digits, the figures already reported for all the quarters during the year might not always add up to the year figures reported in this statement.
2.2 Use of estimates
The Preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make estimates, judgements and assumptions which effects the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and contingent liabilities at the date of financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. The application of accounting policies that require critical accounting estimates involving complex and subjective judgements and use of assumptions in these financial statements have been disclosed in Note No 2.19. Accounting estimates could change from time to time. Actual results could differ from the estimates. Appropriate changes in estimates are made as the Management becomes aware of the changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.
2.3 Cash flow statement:
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, where by the net profit before tax for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated and presented separately. The Company considers all highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash to be cash equivalents.
2.4 Revenue recognition:
The Company derives revenues primarily from Consultancy services and sale of Software produts. Arrangements with Customers for consultancy services are either on time bound fixed-price or time and material basis.
In respect of Time and Material Contracts, revenue is recognised as and when the services are performed. In respect of time bound fixed-price engagements, where there is no uncertainly as to measurement or collectability of consideration, is recognised using the percentage of completion method of accounting, unless work completed cannot be reasonably estimated. When there is uncertainity as to the measurement or ultimate collectability, revenue recognition is postponed until such uncertainity is resolved. Efforts or costs expended have been used to measure the progress towards the completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity. Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates. The cumulative impact of any revision in estimates of the percentage of work completed is reflected in the period in which the change becomes known.
In respect of Sale of software products, revenue is recognised on transfer of ownership to the customers.
Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and at the rate applicable. Effective April 1,2018, the Company adopted Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The effect on adoption of Ind AS 115 was insignificant.
In arrangements for software development and related services and maintenance services, the Company has applied the guidance in Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, by applying the revenue recognition criteria for each distinct performance obligation. The arrangements with customers generally meet the criteria for considering software development and related services as distinct performance obligations. For allocating the transaction price, the Company has measured the revenue in respect of each performance obligation of a contract at its relative standalone selling price. The price that is regularly charged for an item when sold separately in the best evidence of its standalone selling price. In cases where the company is unable to determine the standalone selling price, the company uses the expected cost plus margin approach in estimating the standalone selling price. For software development and related services, the performance obligations are satisfied as and when the services are rendered since the customer generally obtains control of the work as it progresses.
Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on incomplete contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable, based on the estimated efforts or costs to complete the contract.
2.5 Property, Plant and Equipment:
Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and impaiment, if any. Cost of acquisition is inclusive of freight, duties, levies and all incidentals directly or indirectly attributable to bringing the asset to its working condition for ready to use, as intended by management. The cost of fixed assets includes cost of initial warranty/ insurance spares purchased along with the capital asset, which are grouped as single item under respective assets. The Company depreciates property, plant and equipment over their estimated useful lives using Straight Line method. The estimated useful lives of the assets are taken as per Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.
Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end.
The useful lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technology.
Depreciation has been provided in the manner specified in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 except for assets costing up to Rs. 5,000/-, which are fully depreciated in the year of capitalization. Depreciation is calculated on a pro-rata basis from the date of installation till the date the assets are sold or disposed.
Repairs and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred. The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial statements upon sale or retirement of the asset and the resultant gains or losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying value or the fair value less cost to sell.
2.6 Intangible Assets:
The company owns Copy Rights relating to its service business and are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment. Intangible assets are amortized over their respective individual estimated useful lives on written down value method.
Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset is accounted for by changing the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
2.7 Foreign currency transactions :
Functional Currency:
The functional currency of the Company is Indian Rupee.
Transactions & Translations
Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded at the rates of exchange ruling at the date of transaction.
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the foreign exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are translated into functional currency at the foreign exchange rate ruling at that date.
Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
2.8 Financial Instruments
2.8.1 Initial recognition
The Company recognizes financial assets and financial liabilities when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets and liabilities are recognized at fair value on initial recognition, except for trade receivables which are initially measured at transaction price. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities that are not at fair value through profit or loss, are added to the fair value on initial recognition. Regular way purchase and sale of financial assets are accounted for at trade date.
2.8.2 Subsequent recognition
a. Financial Assets
i. Financial Assets carried at amortised cost
A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortized cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows, and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
ii. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. Further, in cases where the Company has made an irrevocable election based on its business model, for its investments which are classified as equity instruments, the subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income.
iii. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
A financial asset which is not classified in any of the above categories is subsequently fair valued through profit or loss.
b. Financial Liabilities
Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the Balance Sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.
c. Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the Balance sheet if, and only if, there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
d. Investment in subsidiaries
Investment in subsidiaries is carried at cost in the separate financial statements.
e. Share Capital Ordinary Shares
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new ordinary shares and share options are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.
2.8.3 Derecognition of financial instruments
The company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expires or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for derecognition under Ind AS 109. A financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognized from the Company's Balance Sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires.
2.9 Fair Value Measurement
The fair value of financial instruments that are actively traded in organised financial markets is determined by reference to quoted market bid prices at the close of business on the reporting date. For financial instruments where there is no active market, fair value is determined using valuation techniques. Such techniques may include using recent arm's length market transactions; reference to the current fair value of another instrument that is substantially the same; discounted cash flow analysis or other valuation models. Refer to Note 25 in for the disclosure on carrying value and fair value of financial assets and liabilities. For financial assets and liabilities maturing within one year from the Balance Sheet date and which are not carried at fair value, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.
2.10 Impairment of non-Financial Assets
(i) Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs.
If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the Statement of Profit and Loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.
2.11 Earnings per Equity Share
Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit or loss after tax attributable to equity shareholders for the year by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per equity share are computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per equity share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. In computing the dilutive earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces the earnings per share or increases loss per share are included.
2.12 Income Taxes
Income Tax expense comprises current and deferred income tax
a. Current income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
b. Deferred tax
Deferred income tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes.
Deferred income tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:
• Where the deferred income tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit;
• In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and interests in joint operations, where the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred income tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credit and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised except:
• Where the deferred income tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss;
• In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and interests in joint operations, deferred income tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred income tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities, relating to items recognised outside statement of profit and loss is recognised outside statement of profit and loss. Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.
Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred income taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
2.13 Employee Benefits
a. Gratuity
The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan covering eligible employees. The contributions made by the company to the scheme are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. The liability recognised in the Balance Sheet in respect of defined benefit plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the Balance Sheet date less the fair value of plan assets. The calculation of the Company's obligation under the plan is performed annually by qualified independent actuary using the projected unit credit method.
Actuarial gains and losses arising during the year are immediately recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
b. Provident Fund
Eligible employees of Company receive benefits from a provident fund, which is a defined contribution. Both the employee and the Company make monthly contributions to the provident fund plan equal to a specified percentage of the covered employee's salary and the employer contribution is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss. The benefits are contributed to the government administered provident fund, which is paid directly to the concerned employee by the fund. The Company has no further obligation to the plan beyond its monthly contributions.
c. ESI
In addition, some employees of the Company are covered under “Employees State Insurance Scheme Act 1948”, which are also defined contribution schemes recognized and administered by Government of India.
The Company's contributions to these schemes are recognized as expense in Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which the employee renders the related service. The Company has no further obligation under these plans beyond its monthly contributions.
2.14 Other Income
Other income is comprised primarily of interest income, dividend income, gain/loss on investments and exchange gain/loss on translations. Interest income is recognized using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive payment is established.
2.15 Inventory
Work in Progress is valued at cost or rate assured under a contract whichever is lower.
2.16 Investments
Long-term investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long-term investments. Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value. The comparison of cost and fair value is done separately in respect of each category of investment.
2.17 Leases:
Lease payments under operating leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the lease term.
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