2.4 Significant Accounting Policies
The significant accounting policies used in preparation of the standalone financial statements have been included in the relevant notes to the standalone financial statements.
(a) Revenue Recognition
Ind AS 115 'Revenue from Contracts with Customers'
The Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2018 issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) notified Ind AS 115"Revenue from Contracts with Customers" related to revenue recognition which replaces all existing revenue recognition standards and provide a single, comprehensive model for all contracts with customers. The revised standard contains principles to determine the measurement of revenue and timing of when it is recognised.
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable All revenues are accounted on accrual basis except to the extent stated otherwise.
Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, which is the consideration, adjusted for volume discounts, service level credits, performance bonuses, price concessions and incentives, if any, as specified in the contract with the customer. Revenue also excludes taxes collected from customers.
Unearned and deferred revenue ("contract liability") is recognised when there is billings in excess of revenues.
In accordance with Ind AS 37, the Company recognises an
onerous contract provision when the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under a contract exceed the economic benefits to be received.
Contracts are subject to modification to account for changes in contract specification and requirements. The Company reviews modification to contract in conjunction with the original contract, basis which the transaction price could be allocated to a new performance obligation, or transaction price of an existing obligation could undergo a change. In the event transaction price is revised for existing obligation a cumulative adjustment is accounted for. The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by geography and nature of services.
Ý Revenue generated from the commissioned television programs and Internet series produced for broadcasters is recognized over the period of time over the contract period.
Ý Rent income is recognised on accrual basis as per the agreed terms on straight line basis.
Ý Sale of Rights are recognised in accordance with the terms of agreements with customers.
Ý Revenue from other services is recognised as and when such services are completed / performed.
Ý Income from infrastructure support, building rent and royalty income is recognised based on the terms of the underlying agreement.
Ý Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate (EIR) applicable.
Ý Revenue from subsidiaries is recognised based on transaction price which is at arm's length.
Ý Dividend income on investments is recognised when the right to receive dividend is established.
The transaction price, being the amount to which the Company expects to be entitled and has rights to under the contract is allocated to the identified performance obligations. The transaction price will also include an estimate of any variable consideration where the Company's performance may result in additional revenues based on the achievement of agreed targets.
The Company does not expect to have any contracts where the period between the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer and payment by the customer exceeds one year. As a consequence, the group does not adjust any of the transaction prices for the time value of money.
(b) Leases
The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
Company as a Lessee
The Company's lease asset classes primarily comprise of lease for land and building. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:
(i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset
(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets as below:
i) Right-of-use Assets
The right-of-use assets are initially recognised at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straightline basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset.
ii) Lease Liabilities
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates. The lease liability is subsequently remeasured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability, reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made.
A lease liability is remeasured upon the occurrence of certain events such as a change in the lease term or a change in an index or rate used to determine lease
payments. The remeasurement normally also adjusts the leased assets.
Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.
Company as a Lessor
Leases for which the Company is a lessor is classified as finance or operating lease. Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
(c) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at costs less accumulated depreciation (other than freehold land) and impairment loss, if any. The cost includes purchase price net of any trade discounts and rebates, any import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the tax authorities), any directly attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its intended use, other incidental expenses and interest on borrowings attributable to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use. Subsequent expenditure on fixed assets after its purchase / completion is capitalised only if such expenditure results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
Depreciation is provided for property, plant and equipment on pro-rata basis over the estimated useful life from the date the assets are ready for intended use. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
Gains or losses arising on retirement or disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.
The Management believes that the useful lives best represents the period over which the management expects to use these assets based on an internal assessment and technical evaluation where necessary.
Capital work-in-progress:
Amount paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding as of each reporting date
and the cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for intended use before such date are disclosed under capital work-in-progress. The capital work- in-progress is carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.
Impairment
Property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.
If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the Statement of Profit and Loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.
(d) Financial Instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short- term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.
Financial Assets at Amortised Cost
Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost if these financial assets are held within a business
whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial Assets at Fair Value through other Comprehensive Income
Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset gives rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial Assets at Fair Value through Profit or Loss
Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognised in profit or loss.
Financial Liabilities at Fair Value through Profit or Loss
Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held for trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in profit or loss.
Derecognition
Financial Assets
The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset. If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized.
Financial Liabilities
The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire. The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in profit or loss.
Impairment of Financial Assets (other than at Fair Value)
The Company assesses at each date of balance sheet whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognises lifetime expected losses for all contract assets and / or all trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12 month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to the life time expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition.
(e) Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures:
Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint venture, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
(f) Inventories:
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is computed on a weighted average basis.
Cost of raw materials and stores and spares includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The aforesaid items are valued at net realisable value if the finished products in which they are to be incorporated are expected to be sold at a loss.
Cost of finished goods and work-in-progress include all costs of purchases, conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present
location and condition. The net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
(g) Cash and Cash Equivalents:
The Company considers all highly liquid investments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.
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