1A GENERAL INFORMATION.

Bajaj Electricals Limited ('the Company') (CIN : L31500MH1938PLC009887) is an existing public limited company incorporated on 14^th July 1938 under the provisions of the Indian Companies Act, 1913 and deemed to exist within the purview of the Companies Act, 2013, having its registered office at 45/47, Veer Nariman Road, Mumbai-400 001.

The Company deals in Consumer Products (CP) (which includes domestic appliances, kitchen appliances, and electric Fans). The Company also deals in Lighting Solutions (which includes consumer and professional lighting). The equity shares of the Company are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange Limited ("BSE") and National Stock Exchange of India Limited ("NSE"). The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR).

The standalone financial statements have been recommended for approval by the audit committee and is approved and adopted by their Board in their meeting held in Mumbai on May 14, 2024.

1B MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

This note provides a list of the material accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these standalone financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented

1 Statement of Compliance and basis of preparation

The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as Ind AS) as notified by Ministry of Corporate Affairs pursuant to Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ('the Act') read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, as amended from time to time and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The standalone financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention except for the following:

• certain financial assets and liabilities

(including derivative instruments) that are measured at fair value;

• assets held for sale which are measured at lower of carrying value and fair value less cost to sell;

• defined benefit plans where plan assets are measured at fair value; and

• share-based payments at fair value as on the grant date of options given to employees.

Estimates, judgements and assumptions used in the preparation of the standalone financial statements and disclosures are based upon management's evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of the standalone financial statements, which may differ from the actual results at a subsequent date. The critical estimates, judgements and assumptions are presented in Note no. 1D.

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current.

The Company has prepared the standalone financial statements on the basis that it will continue to operate as a going concern.

An asset is treated as current when it is:

• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

2 Business combination and goodwill

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred measured at acquisition date fair value and the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Company elects whether to measure the non-controlling interests in the acquiree at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree's identifiable net assets. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired, and the liabilities assumed are recognised at their acquisition date fair values (including related deferred tax). For this purpose, the liabilities assumed include contingent liabilities representing present obligation and they are measured at their acquisition fair values irrespective of the fact that outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is not probable.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognised for non-controlling interests, and any previous interest held, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Company's cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.

A cash generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro rata based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognised in profit or loss. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods.

If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted through goodwill during the measurement period, or additional assets or liabilities are recognised, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date. These adjustments are called as measurement period adjustments. The measurement period does not exceed one year from the acquisition date

A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction. If the Company loses control over a subsidiary, it:

• Derecognises the assets (including goodwill) and liabilities of the subsidiary at their carrying amounts at the date when control is lost

• Derecognises the carrying amount of any noncontrolling interests

• Derecognises the cumulative translation

differences recorded in equity

• Recognises the fair value of the

consideration received

• Recognises the fair value of any investment retained

• Recognises any surplus or deficit in profit or loss

• Recognise that distribution of shares of subsidiary to Company in Company's capacity as owners

• Reclassifies the parent's share of components previously recognised in OCI to profit or loss or transferred directly to retained earnings, if required by other Ind ASs as would be required if the Company had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities

Policy for demerger transactions

The accounting for demerger transactions are applicable from the date on which all substantive approvals are received.

The Company derecognises the carrying value of assets and liabilities pertaining to the demerged undertaking,

from the carrying value of assets and liabilities as appearing in its books. The Company derecognises the carrying amount of investments. Loans and advances, receivables, payables and other dues outstanding relating to the demerged undertaking are cancelled and there are no further obligation / outstanding in that behalf. The excess/deficit if any, of the net assets transferred are adjusted with the retained earnings of the Company.

3 Revenue from contract with customers:

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements, because it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer.

The recognition criteria for sale of products and construction contracts is described below

(1) Sale of products

Revenue from sale of products is recognized at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on dispatch of the product to the customer's destination. The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated (e.g. customer loyalty points and warranties). In determining the transaction price for the sale of product, the Company considers the effects of variable consideration, the existence of significant financing components, and consideration payable to the customer (if any).

The Company provides volume rebates to certain customers once the quantity of products purchased during the period exceeds a threshold specified in the contract. Rebates are offset against amounts payable by the customer. To estimate the variable consideration for the expected future rebates, the Company applies the most likely amount method. The selected method that best predicts the amount of variable consideration is primarily driven by the number of volume thresholds contained in the contract.

Generally, the Company receives short-term advances from its customers. Using the practical expedient in Ind AS 115, the Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if it expects, at contract inception, that the period between the transfer of the promised good or service to the customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.

The Company has a loyalty points program, "Retailer Bonding Program", which allows customers to accumulate points that can be redeemed for free products. The loyalty points give rise to a separate performance obligation as they provide a material

right to the customer. A portion of the transaction price is allocated to the loyalty points awarded to customers based on relative stand-alone selling price and recognized as deferred revenue until the points are redeemed. Revenue is recognized upon redemption of products by the customer. When estimating the stand-alone selling price of the loyalty points, the Company considers the likelihood that the customer will redeem the points. The Company updates its estimates of the points that will be redeemed on a quarterly basis and any adjustments to the deferred revenue are charged against revenue.

The Company provides a warranty beyond fixing defects that existed at the time of sale. These service-type warranties are bundled together with the sale of products. Contracts for bundled sales of products and a service-type warranty comprise two performance obligations because the product and service-type warranty are both sold on a stand-alone basis and are distinct within the context of contract. Using the relative stand-alone selling price method, a portion of the transaction price is allocated to the service-type warranty and recognised as deferred revenue. Revenue for service-type warranties is recognised over the period in which the service is provided based on the time elapsed.

(2) Construction contracts

Performance obligation in case of construction contracts is satisfied over a period of time, as the Company creates an asset that the customer control and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date if it meets the agreed specifications. Revenue from construction contracts is recognised based on the stage of completion determined with reference to the actual costs incurred up to reporting date on the construction contract and the estimated cost to complete the project. Cost estimates involves judgments including those relating to cost escalations; assessment of technical, political, regulatory and other related contract risks and their financial estimation; scope of deliveries and services required for fulfilling the contractually defined obligations and expected delays, if any. Provision for foreseeable losses/ construction contingencies on said contracts is made based on technical assessments of costs to be incurred and revenue to be accounted for. The Company has long-term receivables from customers. The transaction price for such contracts is discounted, using the rate that would be reflected in a separate financing transaction between the Company and its customers at contract inception, to take into consideration the significant financing component

(3) Contract balances Contract asset

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring

goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional.

Trade receivables

A receivable represents the Company's right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due).

Contract liabilities

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognized when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract.

4 Leases:

As a lessee:

Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Unless the Company is reasonably certain to obtain ownership of the leased asset at the end of the lease term, the recognised right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of its estimated useful life and the lease term. Right-of-use assets are subject to impairment test.

The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable term of the lease, together with any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered by an option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised.

Leases are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognised in finance costs in the statement of profit and loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Company's general policy on the borrowing costs. Contingent rentals are recognised as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.

Lease liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expense in the period on which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date if the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases that are considered of low value (i.e., below H 5,00,000). Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

5 Other income:

(1) Interest income on financial asset is recognised using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instruments.

(2) Others:

The Company recognises other income (including income from sale of power generated, income from scrap sales, etc.) on accrual basis. However, where the ultimate collection of the same is uncertain, revenue recognition is postponed to the extent of uncertainty. Rental income arising from operating leases is accounted for on a straight line basis over lease terms unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases and is included in the Statement of profit or loss due to its operating nature.

6 Property, plant and equipment :

A) Asset class:

i) Freehold land is carried at historical cost including expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the land.

ii) All other items of property, plant and equipment (including capital work in progress) are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

iii) Capital goods manufactured by the Company for its own use are carried at their cost of production (including duties and other levies, if any) less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any.

iv) Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the statement of profit or loss during the year in which they are incurred.

v) Losses arising from the retirement of, and gains or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipments which are carried at cost are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

vi) Capital work-in-progress, property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the property, plant and equipment and borrowing cost for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repairs and maintenance costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred. Capital work-in-progress comprises cost of property, plant and equipment

(including related expenses), that are not yet ready for their intended use at the reporting date.

B) Depreciation:

i) Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost, net of their residual values, over their estimated useful lives. Premium of Leasehold land and leasehold improvements cost are amortised over the primary period of lease.

ii) 100% depreciation is provided in the month of addition for temporary structure cost at project site

iii) Where a significant component (in terms of cost) of an asset has an economic useful life different than that of it's corresponding asset, the component is depreciated over it's estimated useful life.

iv) The Company, based on internal technical assessments and management estimates, depreciates certain items of property, plant & equipment over the estimated useful lives and considering residual value which are different from the one prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives and residual values are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

v) Useful life of asset is as given below:

vi) The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

7 Intangible assets:

An intangible asset shall be recognised if, and only if:

(a) it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the Company; and

(b) the cost of the asset can be measured reliably.

Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment. Intangible assets are amortized over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are available for use.

Asset class & depreciation:

Computer software / licenses are carried at historical cost. They have an expected finite useful life of 3 years and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses. Computer licenses which are purchased on annual subscription basis are expensed off in the year of purchase.

Trademarks are carried at historical cost. They have an registered finite useful life of 10 years and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the Company can demonstrate:

• The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for use or sale

• Its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sell the asset

• How the asset will generate future economic benefits

• The availability of resources to

complete the asset

• The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development

Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete, and the asset is available for use. It is amortised over the period of expected future benefit. Amortisation expense is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.

8 Investment properties:

Investment properties that are not intended to be occupied substantially for use by, or in the operations of the Company have been considered as investment properties. Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. The Company does not charge depreciation to investment property land which is held for future undetermined use. Though the Company measures investment property using cost-based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on an annual evaluation performed by an accredited external independent valuer applying a valuation model.

Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in profit or loss in the period of derecognition. In determining the amount of consideration from the derecognition of investment property the Company considers the effects of variable consideration, existence of a significant financing component, non-cash consideration, and consideration payable to the buyer (if any).

Transfers are made to (or from) investment property only when there is a change in use.

The Company depreciates its investment properties over the useful life which is similar to that of property, plant and equipment.

9 Impairment of non-financial assets:

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An asset is impaired when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For

the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are Companyed at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or Companys of assets (cash-generating units). Impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit & Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. An impairment loss recognized in the prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been change in the estimates used to determine the assets recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account.

Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation surplus taken to OCI.

For assets, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or CGU's recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit or loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

10 Financial instruments:

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

I. Financial Assets

A) Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

B) Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:

• Debt instruments at amortised cost

A 'debt instrument' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

• The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

• Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

• Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

A 'debt instrument' is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

• The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

• The asset's contractual cash flows represent SPPI.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to statement of profit and loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.

• Debt instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.

In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or

FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as 'accounting mismatch'). Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

• Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS103 applies are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to P&L, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L.

C) Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company's balance sheet) when:

• The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

• The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass-through' arrangement and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all

the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

D) Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost and FVOCI debt instruments. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. For trade receivables only, the Company applies the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables.

II. Financial Liabilities

A) Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

B) Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

• Financial_liabilities_a_fail_value

through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities

held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

• loans and Borrowings

This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

• Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the

guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation.

The fair value of financial guarantees is determined as the present value of the difference in net cash flows between the contractual payments under the debt instrument and the contractual payments that would be required without the guarantee, or the estimated amount that would be payable to a third party for assuming the obligations.

C) De-recognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

III. Reclassification of financial assets / liabilities

After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company's senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company's operations.

IV. Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of Company or the counterparty.

V. Derivatives and hedging activities

The Company enters derivatives like forwards contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value

on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently marked to market at the end of each reporting period with profit/loss being recognised in statement of profit and loss. Derivative assets/liabilities are classified under "other financial assets/other financial liabilities". Profits and losses arising from cancellation of contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

The company designates certain hedging instruments, which includes derivatives, embedded derivatives and non-derivatives in respect of foreign currency and commodity risk, as either cash flow hedge, fair value hedge or hedges or net investment in foreign operations. Hedges of foreign currency risk on firm commitments are accounted for cash flow hedges.

For the purpose of hedge accounting, hedges are classified as:

• fair value hedge is when hedging the exposure to change in fair value of a recognised asset or liability or an unrecognised song commitment

• cash flow hedges when hedging the exposure to variability in cash flows that is either attributable to particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or highly probable forecast transaction or the foreign currency risk in an unrecognised firm commitment.

At the inception of hedge relationship, the Company formally designates and keeps the hedge relationship to which the Company wishes to apply hedge accounting and risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. The documentation includes the company's risk management objective and strategy for undertaking hedge, the hedging/economic relationship, the hedged item or transaction, the nature of the risk by hedged, hedge ratio and how the entity will assess the effectiveness of changes in the hedging instrument's fair value in offsetting exposure to changes in the hedge item fair value or cash flow attributable to the hedge risk. Such hedges are expected to be highly effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value or cashflows and are assessed on an ongoing basis to determine that they actually have been highly effective throughout the financial reporting periods for which they were designated. Hedge that meet the strict criteria for hedge accounting accounted for as described below

Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument is recognised in OCI in the Effective portion of cash flow hedges, while any

ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss. The Effective portion of cash flow hedges is adjusted to the lower of the cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument and the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged item.

The Company uses forward currency contracts as hedges of its exposure to foreign currency risk in forecast transactions and firm commitments, as well as forward commodity contracts for its exposure to volatility in the commodity prices. The ineffective portion relating to foreign currency contracts is recognised in finance costs and the ineffective portion relating to commodity contracts is recognised in other income or expenses.

The Company designates only the spot element of a forward contract as a hedging instrument. The forward element is recognised in OCI.

The amounts accumulated in OCI are accounted for, depending on the nature of the underlying hedged transaction. If the hedged transaction subsequently results in the recognition of a non-financial item, the amount accumulated in equity is removed from the separate component of equity and included in the initial cost or other carrying amount of the hedged asset or liability. This is not a reclassification adjustment and will not be recognised in OCI for the period. This also applies where the hedged forecast transaction of a non-financial asset or non-financial liability subsequently becomes a firm commitment for which fair value hedge accounting is applied.

For any other cash flow hedges, the amount accumulated in OCI is reclassified to profit or loss as reclassification adjustment in the same period or periods during which the hedged cash flows affect profit or loss.

If cash flow hedge accounting is discontinued, the amount that has been accumulated in OCI must remain in accumulated OCI if the hedged future cash flows are still expected to occur. Otherwise, the amount will be immediately reclassified to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment. After discontinuation, once the hedged cash flow occurs, any amount remaining in accumulated OCI must be accounted for depending on the nature of the underlying transaction as described above.

11 Fair value measurements

The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs. All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

• Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

• Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

• Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period. External valuers are involved for valuation of significant assets, such as properties and unquoted financial assets.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

This note summarises accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.

12 Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet and for the purpose of the statement of cash flows, include cash on hand, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

13 Inventories:

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

Raw materials: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on first in, first out basis.

Finished goods and work in progress: cost includes cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity but excluding borrowing costs. Cost is determined on first in, first out basis.

Traded goods: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

Initial cost of inventories includes the transfer of gains and losses on qualifying cash flow hedges, recognised in OCI, in respect of the purchases of raw materials. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

14 Foreign currency transactions:

Items included in the standalone financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates ('the functional currency'). The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is the Company's functional and presentation currency.

a) On initial recognition, all foreign currency transactions are recorded at the functional currency spot rate at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

b) Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency outstanding at the close of reporting date are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date.

c) Exchange differences arising on settlement of translation of monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or profit or loss are also recognised in OCI or profit or loss, respectively)

15 Income tax

The income tax expense or credit for the year is the tax payable on the current year's taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate for the jurisdiction adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences, unused tax losses and unabsorbed depreciation.

Current and deferred tax is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent it relates to items recognized directly in equity or other comprehensive income, in which case it is recognized in equity or other comprehensive income.

A. Current income tax

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. The Company establishes provisions, wherever appropriate, on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities.

B. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect changes in probability that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

16 Borrowing costs

General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale. Borrowing costs also include exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs. Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation. Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

17 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A. Provisions

A provision is recognised if

• the Company has present legal or constructive obligation as a result of an event in the past;

• it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and

• the amount of the obligation has been reliably estimated.

Provisions are measured at the management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the end of the reporting period. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted to reflect its present value using a current pre-tax discount rate that reflects the current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

The Company provides for general repairs of defects that existed at the time of sale, as

required by the law. Provision for warranty related costs are recognised when the product is sold to the customer. Initial recognition is based on historical experience. The estimate of warranty related costs is revised annually.

If the Company has a contract that is onerous, the present obligation under the contract is recognised and measured as a provision. However, before a separate provision for an onerous contract is established, the Company recognises any impairment loss that has occurred on assets dedicated to that contract. An onerous contract is a contract under which the unavoidable costs (i.e., the costs that the Company cannot avoid because it has the contract) of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it. The unavoidable costs under a contract reflect the least net cost of exiting from the contract, which is the lower of the cost of fulfilling it and any compensation or penalties arising from failure to fulfil it. The cost of fulfilling a contract comprises the costs that relate directly to the contract (i.e., both incremental costs and an allocation of costs directly related to contract activities).

B. Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

A contingent liability recognised in a business combination is initially measured at its fair value. Subsequently, it is measured at the higher of the amount that would be recognised in accordance with the requirements for provisions above or the amount initially recognised less, when appropriate, cumulative amortisation recognised in accordance with the requirements for revenue recognition.

C. Contingent assets

A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity. A contingent asset is not recognised but disclosed where an inflow of economic benefit is probable.

18 Employee benefits

A. Short-term obligations

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in the same period in which the employees renders the related service and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled.

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution plan. The Company has no obligation , other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognises contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related services. If the Contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognised as an asset to the extent that the prepayment will lead to a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

B. Other long-term employee benefit obligations

The liabilities for earned leave and sick leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for atleast twelve months after the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.

C. Post-employment obligations

The Company operates the following postemployment schemes

(a) defined benefit plans - gratuity and obligation towards shortfall of Provident Fund Trusts

(b) defined contribution plans -Provident fund (RPFC Contributions), superannuation and pension

Defined benefit plans :

The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets excluding non-qualifying asset (reimbursement right). The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss. Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Insurance policy held by the Company from insurers who are related parties are not qualifying insurance policies and hence the right to reimbursement is recognised as a separate assets under other non-current and/ or current assets as the case may be.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.

Defined contribution plans :

In respect of certain employees, the Company pays provident fund contributions to publicly administered provident funds as per local regulations. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. Such contributions are accounted for as employee benefit expense when they are due. Defined contribution to superannuation fund is being made as per the scheme of the Company. Defined contribution to Employees Pension Scheme 1995 is made to Government Provident Fund Authority whereas the contributions for National Pension Scheme is made to Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited8

D. Share based payment

The Company operates a number of equity settled, employee share based compensation plans, under which the Company receives services from employees as consideration for equity shares of the Company. Equity settled share based payment to employees and other providing similar services are measured at fair value of the equity instrument at grant date.

The fair value of the employee services received in exchange for the grant of the options is determined by reference to the fair value of the options as at the Grant Date and is recognised as an 'employee benefits expense' with a corresponding increase in equity. The total expense is recognised over the vesting period which is the period over which the applicable vesting condition is to be satisfied. The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted excluding the impact of any service vesting conditions.

At the end of each year, the entity revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest based on the service vesting conditions. It recognises the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity.

If at any point of time after the vesting of the share options, the right to the same expires (either by virtue of lapse of the exercise period or the employee leaving the Company), the fair value of the options accruing in favour of the said employee are written back to the retained earning in the reporting period in which the right expires.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share

19 Trade credits Suppliers' credit

Supplier's credit also includes amounts payable towards vendor financing entered into with the suppliers. Under this arrangement, the supplier is eligible to receive payment prior to the expiry of extended credit period by assigning such invoices to a third-party purchaser bank based on security in the form of an undertaking issued by the Company to the bank. Further, the supplier charges interest to the Company for the extended credit period which has been presented under Finance Cost.

These are normally settled up to four months. Where these arrangements are for goods used in the normal operations of the Company with a maturity of up to four months, the economic substance of

the transaction is determined to be operating in nature and these are recognised as operational suppliers' credit and disclosed on the face of the balance sheet under trade credits. Payments made to vendors are treated as cash item and disclosed as cash flow from operating activity depending on the nature of the underlying transaction.

Customers' credit

Customer credits include receivables which are subject to factoring arrangements and channel financing facilities. Under this arrangement the Company has transferred the relevant receivables to the factor in exchange for cash. The Company continues to recognise the transferred assets in their entirety in its balance sheet with the corresponding liability under customer credits.

20 Segment reporting

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the entity's chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance and for which discrete financial information is available.

Operating segments often exhibit similar long-term financial performance if they have similar economic characteristics. Two or more operating segments are aggregated by the Company into a single operating segment if aggregation is consistent with the core principle of Ind AS 108, the segments have similar economic characteristics, and the segments are similar in aspects as defined by Ind AS.

The Company reports separately, information about an operating segment that meets any of quantitative thresholds as defined by Ind AS. Operating segments that do not meet any of the quantitative thresholds, are considered reportable and separately disclosed, only if management of the Company believes that information about the segment would be useful to users of the financial statements

Information about other business activities and operating segments that are not reportable separately are combined and disclosed in an 'all other segments' category

21 Dividends

The Company recognises a liability to pay dividend to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity. Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company's Board of Directors.

22 Assets held for sale and discontinued operations

The Company classifies non-current assets and disposal Companys as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale rather than through continuing use. Non-current assets and disposal Companys classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Costs to sell are the incremental costs directly attributable to the disposal of an asset (disposal Company), excluding finance costs and income tax expense.

The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable, and the asset or disposal Company is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Actions required to complete the sale/ distribution should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the sale will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Management must be committed to the sale and the sale expected within one year from the date of classification. For these purposes, sale transactions include exchanges of noncurrent assets for other non-current assets when the exchange has commercial substance. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded met only when the assets or disposal Company is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets (or disposal Companys), its sale is highly probable; and it will genuinely be sold, not abandoned.

The Company treats sale of the asset or disposal Company to be highly probable when:

• The appropriate level of management is committed to a plan to sell the asset (or disposal Company),

• An active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated (if applicable),

• The asset (or disposal Company) is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value,

• The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification, and

• Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Property, plant and equipment and intangible are not depreciated, or amortised assets once classified as held for sale. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately from other items in the balance sheet.

Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as a single amount as profit or loss after tax from discontinued operations in the statement of profit and loss. All other notes to the financial statements mainly include amounts for continuing operations, unless otherwise mentioned.

23 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Earnings / (loss) considered in ascertaining the Company's earnings per share is the net profit / (loss) for the year. The weighted average number equity shares outstanding during the year and all year presented is adjusted for events, such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equity shares, that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit of loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of share outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

24 Investment in Subsidiaries

Investment in subsidiaries are accounted at cost in accordance with Ind AS 27.

25 All amounts disclosed in the standalone financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest lakh (upto two decimals) as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

1C NEW AND AMENDED STANDARDS

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023 dated 31 March 2023 to amend the following Ind AS which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April 2023. The Company applied for the first-time these amendments.

(i) Definition of Accounting Estimates - Amendments to Ind AS 8

The amendments clarify the distinction between changes in accounting estimates and changes in accounting policies and the correction of errors. It has also been clarified how entities use measurement techniques and inputs to develop accounting estimates.

The amendments had no impact on the Company's standalone financial statements.

(ii) Disclosure of Accounting Policies - Amendments to Ind AS 1

The amendments aim to help entities provide accounting policy disclosures that are more useful by replacing the

requirement for entities to disclose their 'significant' accounting policies with a requirement to disclose their 'material' accounting policies and adding guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures.

The amendments have had an impact on the Company's disclosures of accounting policies, but not on the measurement, recognition or presentation of any items in the Company's standalone financial statements.

(iii) Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction - Amendments to Ind AS 12

The amendments narrow the scope of the initial recognition exception under Ind AS 12, so that it no longer applies to transactions that give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences such as leases.

The amendments had no impact on the Company's standalone financial statements.

STANDARDS ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE

There are no standards that are notified and not yet effective as on the date.

CLIMATE RELATED MATTERS

The Company considers climate-related matters in estimates and assumptions, where appropriate. This assessment includes a wide range of possible impacts on the Company due to both physical and transition risks. Even though the Company believes its business model and products will still be viable after the transition to a low-carbon economy, climate-related matters increase the uncertainty in estimates and assumptions underpinning several items in the financial statements. Even though climate-related risks might not currently have a significant impact on measurement, the Company is closely monitoring relevant changes and developments, such as new climate-related legislation.

1D SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ESTIMATES, JUDGEMENTS AND ASSUMPTIONS

The preparation of standalone financial statements requires the use of accounting estimates which, by definition, will seldom equal the actual results. The management also needs to exercise judgment in applying the Company's accounting policies. This note provides an overview of the areas that involved a higher degree of judgment or complexity, and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turning out to be different than those originally assessed. Detailed information about each of these estimates and judgments is included below.

1 Warranty provision

The Company generally offers 1-2 years standard warranties for its consumer products. The Company has taken warranty insurance under which most of the products are covered. The Company recognises warranty provision basis assumptions, on serviceable sales and cost to service those serviceable sales. The warranty insurance premium paid is charged off to the statement of profit and

loss account and warranty insurance assets is created on an estimated basis. The insurance claims received are then netted against the said warranty insurance assets.

The Company also sells certain lighting fitting to its customers. In few lighting fittings products, the drivers are an essential part and are expected to last for a longer period. In such cases, the Company provides warranties beyond fixing defects that existed at the time of sale. Basis this, the Company recognises this as a separate performance obligation and recognises revenue only in the period in which such service is provided based on time elapsed.

2 Impairment allowance for trade receivables

The Company makes allowances for doubtful accounts receivable using a simplified approach which is a dual policy of an ageing based provision and historical / anticipated customer experience. Management believes that this simplified model closely represents the expected credit loss model to be applied on financial assets as per Ind AS 109. Further, in case of operationally closed projects, Company makes specific assessment of the overdue balances by considering the customer's historical payment patterns, latest correspondences with the customers for recovery of the amounts outstanding and credit status of the significant counterparties where available. Accordingly, a best judgment estimate is made to record the impairment allowance in respect of operationally closed projects

3 Project revenue and costs

Revenue from construction contracts is recognised based on the stage of completion determined with reference to the actual costs incurred up to reporting date on the construction contract and the estimated cost to complete the project. The percentage-of-completion method places considerable importance on accurate estimates to the extent of progress towards completion and may involve estimates on the scope of deliveries and services required for fulfilling the contractually defined obligations. These significant estimates include total contract costs, total contract revenues, contract risks, including technical, political and regulatory risks, and other judgments. The Company re-assesses these estimates on periodic basis and makes appropriate revisions accordingly.

4 Fair value measurement

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using appropriate valuation techniques. The inputs for these valuations are taken from observable sources where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of various inputs including liquidity risk, credit risk, volatility etc. Changes in assumptions/judgements about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments. Refer Note 34 of financial statements for the fair value disclosures and related sensitivity.

5 Employee benefits

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other post-employment leave benefits are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date. The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases are based on expected future inflation rates. Refer note 21 of financial statements for disclosure.

6 Leases

Estimates are required to determine the appropriate discount rate used to measure lease liabilities. The Company cannot readily determine the interest rate implicit in the lease, therefore, it uses its incremental borrowing rate (IBR) to measure lease liabilities. The IBR is the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, and with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. The IBR therefore reflects what the Company 'would have to pay', which requires estimation when no observable rates are available or when they need to be adjusted to reflect the terms and conditions of the lease. The Company estimates the IBR using observable inputs (such as market interest rates, bank rates to the Company for a loan of a similar tenure, etc). The Company has applied a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases of similar assets in similar economic environment with a similar end date.

7 Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or Companys of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent

market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company's CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the Company operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.

Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation surplus taken to OCI. For such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation surplus.

For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or CGU's recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

8 Retailer Bonding Program

The Company has a loyalty points program, "Retailer Bonding Program", which allows customers to accumulate points that can be redeemed for free products, upto a limited time period. The loyalty points give rise to a separate performance obligation as they provide a material right to the customer. A portion of the transaction price is allocated to the loyalty points awarded to customers based on relative stand-alone selling price and recognized as deferred revenue until the points are redeemed. Revenue is recognized upon redemption of products by the customer. When estimating the standalone selling price of the loyalty points, the Company considers the likelihood that the customer will redeem the points. The Company considers various judgement and estimates like determination of cost of redemption, redeemed points, expiry date, etc. The Company updates its estimates on a quarterly basis and any adjustments to the deferred revenue are charged against revenue.

9 Share based payments

The Company initially measures the cost of cash-settled transactions with employees using a binomial model to determine the fair value of the liability incurred. Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions requires determination of the most appropriate valuation model, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of the grant. This estimate also requires determination of the

most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them.

10 Taxes

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilised. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

11 For judgements relating to contingent liabilities,

refer note 40(a).