SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:1. Background
Bang Overseas Limited (BOL or the Company) incorporated in India is involved in business manufacturing and trading of Textile and Textile products.
2. Basis of preparation of Financial Statementsi) Compliance with Ind AS
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Ind AS’) as notified by Ministry of Corporate Affairs pursuant to Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (‘Act’) read with of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules,2015 as amended and other relevant provisions of the Act.
ii) Historical cost convention
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except defined benefit plan measured at fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit plan.
iii) Current & non-current classification
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s normal operating cycle (twelve months) and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Act.
iv) Rounding of amounts
All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest rupees as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.
3. Use of Estimate
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised in accordance with the requirements of the respective accounting standard.
4. Property, plant and equipmentT angible assets
The Company has applied for the one time transition exemption of considering the carrying cost on the transition date i.e. 01st April 2016 as the deemed cost under IND AS. Hence regarded thereafter as historical cost.
All items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less depreciation and impairment, if any. Historical cost includes expenditure i.e. directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.
Subsequent costs are included in the assets carrying amount or recognised as separate assets, as
appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.
Depreciation
Depreciation on the property, plant and equipment is provided on straight line method at the rates prescribed and in the manner specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 for the manufacturing units. Other units fixed assets have been continued depreciated by following written down value method. The gain and loss on disposal are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in the statement of profit and loss.
5. Intangible Assets Computer software
Computer software are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization and impairments, if any. Amortization method and useful life
The company amortizes computer software using straight-line method over the period of 6 years.
Gain & Losses on disposal are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in the statement of Profit and Loss.
6. Cash & Cash Equivalents
For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and Cheque in hand, bank balances, demand deposits with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash & which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
7. Leases Operating lease As a lessee
Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Company, as lessee, are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Company’s expected inflationary cost increases.
As a lessor
Lease income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognised in income on a straightline basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on their nature.
8. Inventories
Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost is determined on following basis:
i) Raw material and manufactured finished goods are valued at cost. Cost is determined by using average cost method.
ii) Trade goods are valued at cost on FIFO basis.
9. Investment in subsidiaries
Investment in subsidiaries are recognised at cost as per Ind AS 27. Except where investments accounted for at cost shall be accounted for in accordance with Ind AS 105, Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discounted Operations, when they are classified as held for sale.
10. Investment in other financial assets Classification
The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:
1. Those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through the Statement of Profit and Loss), and
2. Those measured at amortised cost.
The classification depends on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.
(ii) Measurement
At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through the Profit and Loss are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Debt instruments:
Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Company’s business model for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. The Company classifies its debt instruments into following categories:
1. Amortised cost: Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.
2. Fair value through profit and loss: Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost are measured at fair value through Profit and Loss. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.
Equity instruments:
The Company measures its equity investment other than in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates at fair value through profit and loss. However, where the Company’s management makes an irrevocable choice on initial recognition to present fair value gains and losses on specific equity investments in other comprehensive income (Currently no such choice made), there is no subsequent reclassification, on sale or otherwise, of fair value gains and losses to the Statement of Profit and Loss.
(iii) Impairment of financial assets
The Company measures the expected credit loss associated with its assets based on historical trend, industry practices and the business environment in which the entity operates or any other appropriate basis. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.
(iv) Income recognitionInterest income
Interest income from debt instruments is recognized using the effective interest rate method.
Dividends
Dividends are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive payment is established.
11. Impairment of non- financial assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that a non-financial asset or a group of non-financial assets are impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the amount of impairment loss. For the purpose of assessing impairment, the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets is considered as a cash generating unit. If any such indication exists, an estimate of the recoverable amount of the individual asset/cash generating unit is made.
An impairment loss is calculated as the difference between an asset’s carrying amount and recoverable amount. Losses are recognised in profit or loss. When the Company considers that there are no realistic prospects of recovery
of the asset, the relevant amounts are written off. If the amount of impairment loss subsequently decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized, then the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss.
12. Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments such as forward foreign exchange contracts, to hedge its foreign currency risks are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period when they arise.
13. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs include exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost. All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period for which they are incurred. Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.
14. Provision & contingent liabilities
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated.
Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.
15. Revenue recognition
Revenue form contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods is transferred to the customer which usually is on delivery of goods to the transporter at an amount that reflects the
consideration to which the Company expects to be entitle in exchange for those goods. Revenue are measured at the fair value of the consideration receive or receivable and net of indirect taxes.
The Company does not expect to have any contracts where the period between the transfer of promise goods to the customer and payment by the customer exceeds one year. As a consequence, the Company does not adjust any of the transaction prices for the time value of money.
A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods transferred to the customer. If the company perform by transferring the goods to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognise for the earned consideration that is conditional. The Company does not have any contract assets as performance under right to consideration occurs with-in a short period of time and all rights to consideration are unconditional.
A contact liability is the obligation to transfer goods to a customer for which the Company has received consideration from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the company performs under the contract.
16. Employee benefits Short term employee benefits
The undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised as an expense during the period when the employees render the services.
Post -employment Benefits
The Company operates the following post-employment schemes:
a. defined benefit plans such as gratuity; and
b. defined contribution plans such as provident fund.
Defined Benefit Plans
The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit gratuity plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method.
The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.
The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Re-measurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.
Defined Contribution plans
Under defined contribution plans, provident fund, the Company pays pre-defined amounts to separate funds and does not have any legal or informal obligation to pay additional sums. Defined Contribution plan comprise of contributions to the employees’ provident fund with the government and certain state plans like Employees’ State Insurance and Employees’ Pension Scheme. The Company’s payments to the defined contribution plans are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.
Other employee benefits
The liabilities for earned leave is determined on the basis of accumulated leave to the credit of the employees as at the year-end charged to the statement of profit and loss as per the Company’s rules being the short term benefits.
17. Foreign Currency translation(i) Functional and presentation currency
The financial statements are presented in Indian rupee (INR), which is Company’s functional and presentation currency.
(ii) Transactions and balances
Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency closing rates of exchange at the reporting date.
Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent of exchange differences which are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on foreign currency borrowings that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets, are capitalized as cost of assets.
18. Tax Expenses
The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in the comprehensive income or in equity. In which case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or equity.
Current tax
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities, based on tax rates and laws that are enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted
or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The carrying amount of Deferred tax liabilities and assets are reviewed at the end of each reporting period
19. Earning per share Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing:
- the profit attributable to owners of the Company
- by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year,
Diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account:
- the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, and
- the weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares
20. Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method whereby the profit before tax is adjusted for the effect of the transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past and future operating cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the company are segregated.
21. Segment Reporting
Operating segments are reported in manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The management assesses the financial performance and position of the Company and makes strategic decisions. The chief operating decision maker consists of the Directors of the Company.
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