¹ Corporate information

BANKA BIOLOO LIMITED was initially incorporated as a private limited company under Companies Act, 1956 on 31 August 2012. The Company was converted into a public limited company on 15 November 2017. The Company listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) (Emerge: SME Platform) on 27 February 2018. On 17 October 2020, Company moved from SME Platform to NSE Main Board. The Company is engaged in wastewater treatment (bio-toilets, faecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs), sewage treatment plants and their operation and maintenance).

2 Significant accounting policies

The significant accounting policies applied by the Company in the preparation of its financial statements are listed below.

2.1 Basis of Preparation and Presentation

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis and on accrual basis, except for the following items

i) Borrowings: Amortised cost using effective interest rate method

ii) employee defined benefit assets/(liability): Present value of defined benefit obligations less fair value of plan assets

The financial statements have been prepared and presented in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards ('Ind AS') notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016. Up to the year ended 31st Mar, 2017, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with accounting standards notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read with Rule 7 of Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 ('Previous GAAP').

Company's financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is also its functional currency.

2.2 Use of estimates and judgments

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

2.3 Measurement of fair values

Accounting policies and disclosures require measurement of fair value for financial assets and financial liabilities.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability or

- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data is available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3: Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

2.4 'Current and non-current classification:

The Schedule III to the Act requires assets and liabilities to be classified as either current or non-current. The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification.

Assets

An asset is classified as a current when it is:

- it is expected to be realised in, or is intended for sale or consumption in, the Company's normal operating cycle;

- it is expected to be realised within twelve months from the reporting date;

- it is held primarily for the purposes of being traded; or

- is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date. All other assets are classified as non current.

Liabilities

A liability is classified as a current when:

- it is expected to be settled in the Company's normal operating cycle;

- it is due to be settled within twelve months from the reporting date;

- it is held primarily for the purposes of being traded;

- the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of liability for at least twelve months from the reporting date. All other liabilities are classified as noncurrent.

Deferred tax assets/liabilities are classified as non-current.

Operating Cycle

Operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and realisation in cash or cash equivalents. The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current or non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

2.5 Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net off recoverable taxes, trade discount and rebates less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes purchase price and any cost directly attributable to bringing the assets to its working conditions for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost can be measured reliably.

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Gains and losses upon disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided using written down vale method. Depreciation is provided based on useful life of the assets as prescribed in schedule II to the companies Act, 2013.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

2.6 Capital Work In Progress

Cost incurred for property, plant and equipment that are not ready for their intended use as on the reporting date, is classified under capital work- in-progress. The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials, Salaries , direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management and the borrowing costs attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying asset.

2.7 Intangible assets

Intangible assets that are acquired by the company are stated at cost of acquisition net of recoverable taxes, trade discount and rebates less accumulated amortization/depletion and impairment loss, if any. Such cost includes purchase price, and any cost directly attributable to brining the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

Subsequent expenditures are capitalised only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which they relate.

Gains and Losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible assets are recorded in the statement of profit and loss, and are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of respective intangible assets as on the date of de-recognition.

2.8 Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial Assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchase and sale of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

2.8 Subsequent measurement

i. Financial assets carried at amortised cost (AC)

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

ii. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

A financial asset is measured at FVTOCI if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

iii. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

A financial asset which is not classified in any of the above categories are measured at FVTPL.

Investment in subsidiaries

The Company has accounted for its investment in subsidiary at cost.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company uses 'Expected Credit Loss' (ECL) model, for evaluating impairment of financial assets other than those measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL).

For trade receivables, Company applies 'simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on the trade receivable balances. The application of simplified approach require the Company to recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. The Company uses historical default rates to determine impairment loss on the portfolio of trade receivables. At every reporting date these historical default rates are reviewed and changes in the forward looking estimates are analysed.

Financial Liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial liabilities are recognized at fair value and in case of loans, net of directly attributable transaction costs. Fees of recurring nature are directly recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as finance cost.

Subsequent measurement

Financial liabilities are carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Derecognition of financial instruments

A financial asset (or a part of the financial asset) is derecognized from the Company's balance sheet when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for derecognition under Ind AS 109. A financial liability (or a part of the financial liability) is derecognized from the Company's balance sheet when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.

Impairment test of investments in Subsidiaries and Associate Companies

The recoverable amount of investment in subsidiaries and Associate companies is based on estimates and assumptions regarding in particular the future cash flows associated with the operations of the investee Company. Any changes in these assumptions may have a material impact on the measurement of the recoverable amount and could result in impairment.

2.9 Inventories

Inventories consist of raw materials, stores and spares, work-in-progress and finished goods are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for obsolescence. .

The cost of all categories of inventories is based on the weighted average method. Cost includes expenditures incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition. In the case of finished goods and work-in-progress, cost includes an appropriate share of overheads based on normal operating capacity.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses.

2.10 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash at banks and on hand, demand deposits and other short term deposits that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash, are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value and have a maturity of three months or less.

2.11 Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company's non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated to determine the extent of impairment if any.

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (as defined below) is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or the cash-generating unit. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the "cash-generating unit").

An impairment loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss to the extent, the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its estimated recoverable amount.

The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

2.12 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is disclosed when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Contingent assets

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.

2.13 Revenue recognition

i. Revenue from contracts

Revenue from contracts priced on a time and material basis are recognised as the related services are rendered and the related costs are incurred. Revenue from the end of the last invoicing to the reporting date is recognized as unbilled revenue.

Revenue from fixed price contracts is recognised as per the 'percentage of completion' method, where the performance obligations are satisfied over time and when there is no uncertainty as to measurement or collectability of consideration.

FSTP O & M Contracts has been recognized as revenue in the current financial year as per the Appendix D of Ind As 115.

Unbilled pertains to the contracts where the Company completed it's performance obligations and has got unconditional right for the consideration, but the billing is due because of the billing cycle.

ii. Revenue from services

Service income is recognised as per the terms of contracts with the customer, when the related services are performed and where the service is rendered but not invoiced on account of customer end compliances, the same is recognised as unbilled revenue.

iii. Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated costs can be estimated reliably, there is no continuing effective control or management involvement with the goods, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably.

Revenue from sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.

iv. Interest Income

Interest income is accrued on a time proportion basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and effective interest rate applicable.

2.14 Employee Benefits Expense

i. Short Term Employee Benefits

The undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised as an expense during the period when the employees render the services.

ii. Post-Employment Benefits Defined Contribution Plans

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which the Company pays specified contributions to a separate entity. The Company's contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

Defined Benefit Plans

The liability in respect of gratuity benefit is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method based on actuarial valuation, performed by an independent qualified actuary. Re-measurement of defined benefit plans in respect of post-employment are charged to the Other Comprehensive Income.

2.15 Finance cost

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets.

All other borrowing costs are charged to the statement of profit and loss for which they are incurred.

2.16 Foreign currencies transactions and translation

Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency closing rates of exchange at the reporting date.

Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent of exchange differences which are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on foreign currency borrowings that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets, are capitalized as cost of assets.

Non-Monetary items thar are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are recorded using the exchange rates at the date of transaction.

2.17 Tax Expenses

The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax expense is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in the comprehensive income or in equity. In which case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or equity.

Current tax

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet method on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding amounts used in the computation of taxable profit.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the temporary differences in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.

2.18 Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right of use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

1) Right-to-use assets

The Company recognises right of use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right of use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities The cost of right of use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right of use assets are depreciated on a straight line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets. If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.

The right of use assets are also subject to impairment

ii) Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (Including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivables, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease. If the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expenses (unless they are incurred to produce inventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments ) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset

iii) Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short term leases of office premises (i.e. those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less form the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of office premises that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expense on a straight line basis over the lease term.

2.19 Earnings per share

The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") data for its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares except where the result would be anti dilutive.

2.20 Statement of Cash flows

Statement of Cash flows is prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in Ind As- 7 Statement of Cashflows