1. Corporate Information

Berger Paints India Limited (‘BPIL' or ‘the Company') is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on three recognised stock exchanges in India. The Company is engaged in the manufacturing and selling of paints. The Company caters primarily to domestic market. The registered office of the Company is located at Berger House, 129, Park Street, Kolkata-700 017.

These Standalone Financial Statements were approved for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors on May 15, 2024.

2. Basis of Preparation

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (“Ind AS”) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the financial statements.

These Standalone Financial Statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair values (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments). The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in INR and all values are rounded-off to the nearest crores with 2 decimal places (INR 00,00,000), except when otherwise indicated.

The Company has prepared the financial statements on the basis that it will continue to operate as a going concern.

The standalone financial statements provide comparative information in respect of the previous period. Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

3. Summary of Material Accounting Policies

3.1. Current and Non - Current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading

• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at

least twelve months after the reporting period. All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months

after the reporting period.

The terms of the liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents.

The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

3.2. Foreign Currencies

Items included in the Standalone Financial Statements of the Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (‘the functional currency'). The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency.

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at the functional currency spot rates (i.e., INR) at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date.

Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of transactions in foreign currencies and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are generally recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or Statement of Profit and Loss are also recognised in OCI or Statement of Profit and Loss, respectively).

In determining the spot exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income (or part of it) on the derecognition of a non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability relating to advance consideration, the date of the transaction is the date on which the Company initially recognises the nonmonetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from the advance consideration. If there are multiple payments or receipts in advance, the Company determines the transaction date for each payment or receipt of advance consideration.

3.3. Fair Value Measurement

The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

> In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

> In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their best economic interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the Standalone Financial Statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

• Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

• Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

• Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the Standalone Financial Statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

The Company determines the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement, such as unquoted financial assets measured at fair value, and for non-recurring measurement, such as assets held for sale in discontinued operations, if any.

External valuers are involved for valuation of significant assets, such as properties and unquoted financial assets, and significant liabilities, such as contingent consideration. Involvement of external valuers is decided upon annually by the management after discussion with and approval by the Company’s Audit Committee. Selection criteria include market knowledge, reputation, independence and whether professional standards are maintained.

At each reporting date, the management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be remeasured or re-assessed as per the Company’s accounting policies. For this analysis, the management verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents.

3.4. Revenue from contract with customer

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements because it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer.

Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net of variable consideration on account of various discounts and schemes offered by the Company as part of the contract, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

Sale of Goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised on transfer of control in the goods to customers at a point of time by performance of obligation towards delivery or as per customers’ instruction. The normal credit term is 30 to 90 days upon delivery. The revenue is based on the consideration defined in the contract with a customer, including

variable consideration, such as discounts, volume rebates, rights to return or other contractual reductions. As the period between the date on which the Company transfers the promised goods to the customer and the date on which the customer pays for these goods is generally one year or less, no financing components are considered. The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated.

The Company provides volume rebates to certain customers once the quantity of products purchased by the customers during the period exceeds a threshold specified in the contract. Generally, rebates are offset against the amounts payable by the customer. To estimate the variable consideration for the expected future rebates, the Company applies the expected value method.

Certain contracts provide a customer with a right to return the goods within a specified period. The Company uses the expected value method to estimate the goods that will not be returned because this method best predicts the amount of variable consideration to which the Company will be entitled. The requirements in Ind AS on constraining estimates of variable consideration to are also applied in order to determine the amount of variable consideration that can be included in the transaction price.

Revenue from Combined Contracts

Revenue from combined contracts is recognised in accordance with terms and condition of underlying contracts:

- at a point of time when such combined output is delivered to customers' satisfaction and the customers acknowledge their obligation to pay for such output

- over time by measuring progress towards satisfaction of performance obligation for the services rendered using output method based on milestones reached.

Interest income

Interest income is accrued on a time proportion basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and effective interest rate applicable.

Dividend income

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the right to receive payment has been established. Trade receivables

A receivable represents the Company's right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due). Refer to accounting policies of financial assets in sections “Financial instruments - initial recognition and measurement” and “Financial instruments-subsequent measurement”. Refer note no 3.20 below.

3.5. Government Grants

Government grants and subsidies are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with.

When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue and is related to the corresponding costs, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss, under Other Operating Revenue, over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. When the grant or subsidy relates to an asset, it is deducted from the carrying amount of the asset. The

grant is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the useful life of the depreciable asset by way of a reduced depreciation charge.

When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to Statement of Profit and Loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e., by equal annual instalments.

3.6. Taxes

Tax expense comprises current income tax expense and deferred tax.

Current Income Tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered or paid to the taxation authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate. The Company shall reflect the effect of uncertainty for each uncertain tax treatment by using either most likely method or expected value method, depending on which method predicts better resolution of the treatment. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the Standalone Financial Statements at the reporting date. Deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit (tax loss).

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:

> When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss and does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences.

> In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred

tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

In assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets, the Company relies on the same forecast assumptions used elsewhere in the financial statements and in other management reports, which, among other things, reflect the potential impact of climate-related development on the business, such as increased cost of production as a result of measures to reduce carbon emission.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax liabilities or assets are expected to be settled or recovered.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in OCI or directly in equity, respectively.

In the situations where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India or tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where it operates, no deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognized in respect of temporary differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company's gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of temporary differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the temporary differences originate. However, the Company restricts recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes, the temporary differences which originate first are considered to reverse first.

Goods and Service tax paid on acquisition of assets or on incurring expenses

Expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of Goods and Service tax paid, except:

> When the tax incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case, the tax paid is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable.

> When receivables and payables are stated with the amount of tax included, the net amount of tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables in the balance sheet.

3.7. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment (PPE) are carried at cost of acquisition, on current cost basis less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any

trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with an item of property, plant and equipment and whose use is expected to be irregular are capitalised and depreciated over the useful life of the principal item of the relevant assets. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Refer to note 44 regarding significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions and provisions for further information about the recorded decommissioning provision.

Subsequent expenditure would be recognized in the carrying amount of PPE when that cost/ expense would meet the recognition criteria given in paragraph 7 of Ind AS 16 i.e., it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Depreciation is provided on Straight line method over the useful lives of property, plant and equipment as estimated by management. Pursuant to Notification of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 depreciation is provided prorata basis on straight line method at the rates determined based on estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment where applicable, prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act 2013 with the exception of the following items for which useful lives as estimated by management based on technical evaluation are different from those specified in aforesaid Schedule II.

• Plant and Machinery: 3 years to 21.05 years

• Motor Vehicles: 6.67 years

• Tinting Machines: Based on useful lives of 60 months

• No depreciation is provided on freehold land

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is de-recognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is de-recognised.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate. The Company also considers the impact of health, safety and environmental legislation in its assessment of expected useful lives and estimated residual values. Furthermore, the Company considers climate-related matters, including physical and transition risks. Specifically, the Company determines whether climate-related legislation and regulations might impact either the useful life or residual values.

3.7.1 Capital work in progress

Cost of assets not ready for intended use, as the balance sheet date, is shown as capital work in progress. Capital work in progress is stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss, if any.

3.8. Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets are recognized only when future economic benefits arising out of the assets flow to the enterprise and are amortised over their useful life ranging from 3 to 5 years. Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

An intangible asset is de-recognised upon disposal (i.e., at the date the recipient obtains control) or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is de-recognised.

3.9. Research and Development

Research is original and planned investigation undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding. Expenditure incurred on research of an internal project is recognised as an expense in Statement of Profit and Loss, when it is incurred.

Development is the application of research findings or other knowledge to a plan or design for the production of new or substantially improved materials, devices, products, processes, systems or services before the start of commercial production or use. An intangible asset arising from development is recognised if, and only if, the following criteria are met:

(a) it is technically feasible to complete the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale.

(b) the Company intends to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it.

(c) the Company has ability to use or sell the intangible asset.

(d) the Company can demonstrate how the intangible asset will generate probable future

economic benefits.

(e) the Company has adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset.

(f) the Company has ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development.

Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. It is amortised over the period of expected future benefit. Amortisation expense is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.

3.10. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use (known as Qualifying assets) or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. Borrowing Costs include interest, amortisation of ancillary costs incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs. Discount on Commercial papers is amortised over the tenor of the underlying instrument. Borrowing Costs, allocated to and utilised for qualifying assets, pertaining to the period from commencement of activities relating to construction / development of the qualifying asset upto the date the asset is ready for its intended use is added to the cost of the assets. Capitalisation of Borrowing Costs is suspended and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during extended periods when active development activity on the qualifying assets is interrupted. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

3.11. Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

As a lessee

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for shortterm leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

i) Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:

• Leasehold Land and Building: 2 years to 99 years

If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.

The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies in section 3.13 Impairment of non-financial assets.

ii) Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expenses (unless they are incurred to produce inventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.

The Company's lease liabilities are included in Note 47.

iii) Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of properties taken on rent (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to properties that are of low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

As a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating lease is recognised on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

3.12.Inventories

Raw materials, stores and spares and packing materials are valued at lower of cost and estimated net realisable value. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average basis. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold are at or above cost.

Finished goods and Work-in-process are stated at the lower of cost and estimated net realisable value. Cost of inventories constitutes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity.

Traded goods are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Provision is recognised for damaged, defective or obsolete stocks where necessary. Cost of all inventories is determined using weighted average method of valuation.

3.13.Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset (including goodwill) may be impaired. If any indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or CGU's recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually at the CGU level, as appropriate, and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.

The Company assesses where climate risks could have a significant impact, such as the introduction of emission- reduction legislation that may increase manufacturing costs. These risks in relation to climate-related matters are included as key assumptions where they materially impact the measure of recoverable amount, These assumptions have been included in the cash-flow forecasts in assessing value-in-use amounts, as applicable.

3.14.Provisions and Contingencies

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

The Company records a provision for decommissioning costs for its certain manufacturing facilities. Decommissioning costs are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using estimated cash flows and are recognised as part of the cost of the particular asset. The cash flows are discounted at a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the decommissioning liability. The unwinding of the discount is expensed as incurred and recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of decommissioning are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs or in the discount rate applied are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset.

The impact of climate-related matters on remediation of environmental damage is considered with determining the decommissioning liability on the manufacturing facility.

If the Company has a contract that is onerous, the present obligation under the contract is recognised and measured as a provision. However, before a separate provision for an onerous contract is established, the Company recognises any impairment loss that has occurred on assets dedicated to that contract.

An onerous contract is a contract under which the unavoidable costs (i.e., the costs that the Company cannot avoid because it has the contract) of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it. The unavoidable costs under a contract reflect the least net cost of exiting from the contract, which is the lower of the cost of fulfilling it and any compensation or penalties arising from failure to fulfil it.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the Standalone Financial Statements.

3.15.Employee Benefits

Short-term Employee Benefits:

Liabilities for short-term employee benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees' services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as ‘Employee Benefits Payable' within ‘Other Financial Liabilities' in the Balance Sheet.

Post-employment Benefits:

I. Defined Contribution Plan

a. Superannuation

Contribution made to Superannuation Fund for certain of employees are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when services are rendered by employees. The Company has no liability for future Superannuation Fund benefits other than its contribution.

b. Provident Fund

Contributions in respect of Employees who are not covered by Company’s Employees Provident Fund Trust are made to the Fund administered by the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner as per the provisions of Employees' Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss as and when services are rendered by employees. The Company has no obligation other than the contribution payable to the Regional Provident Fund.

II. Defined Benefit Plan

a. Gratuity

Every employee who has completed five years or more of service is entitled to Gratuity as per the provisions of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Retirement Gratuity for employees, is funded through a scheme of Life Insurance Corporation of India. The costs of providing benefits under this plan are determined on the basis of actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at each year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately recognised in retained earnings through Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not re-classified to Statement of Profit and Loss in subsequent periods. The excess / shortfall in the fair value of the plan assets over the present value of the obligation calculated as per actuarial methods as at balance sheet dates is recognised as a gain / loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Any asset arising out of this calculation is limited to the past service cost plus the present value of available refunds and reduction in future contributions.

b. Provident Fund

In respect of the employees covered by the Company’s Employee Provident Fund Trust in Point I b above, contributions to the Company’s Employees Provident Fund Trust (administered by the Company as per the provisions of Employees' Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952) are made in accordance with the fund rules. The interest rate payable to the beneficiaries every year is being notified by the Government.

In the case of contribution to the Trust, the Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the Trust and the notified interest rate and recognizes such obligation, if any, determined based on an actuarial valuation as at the balance sheet date, as an expense.

III. Long Term Compensated Absences

The Company treats accumulated leave to the extent such leave are carried forward as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date. Where Company has the unconditional legal and contractual right to defer the settlement for a period beyond 12 months, the same is presented as non-current liability.

3.16. Employees Stock Option

Stock options are granted to the employees under the stock option scheme. The cost of stock options granted to the employees (equity-settled awards) of the Company is the difference between fair value of equity instruments granted and the price at which options may be exercised by concerned employees. For each stock option, the measurement of fair value is performed on the grant date. The grant date is the date on which the Company and the employees agree to the stock option scheme. The fair value so determined is revised only if the stock option scheme is modified in a manner that is beneficial to the employees.

Aforesaid cost of stock options is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in Employee Stock Options outstanding account in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company's best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The Statement of Profit and Loss expense or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

If the options vests in instalments (i.e., the options vest prorata over the service period), then each instalment is treated as a separate share option grant because each instalment has a different vesting period.

3.17. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent for the purpose of presentation in cash flow statement and in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

3.18. Forward Currency Contracts

The Company uses forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such forward currency contracts are initially measured at fair value on the date on which a forward currency contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Forward currency contracts are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Changes in the fair value of forward contracts are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as they arise.

3.19. Earnings Per Share

Basic Earnings Per Share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period and for all periods presented is adjusted for events, such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equity shares that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.

3.20.Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

A. Financial assets

i. Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. However, trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price. The Company has elected the practical expedient in Ind AS 115 about the existence of significant financing component and the disclosures pertaining to contracts with original expected duration of one year or less and contracts where revenue recognised corresponds to the value transferred to customer typically involving sales of products.

In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through OCI, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are ‘solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)' on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level. Financial assets with cash flows that are not SPPI are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model.

The Company's business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both. Financial assets classified and measured at amortised cost are held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows while financial assets classified and measured at fair value through OCI are held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.

Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

ii. Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in below categories:

> Debt instruments at amortised cost

> Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

> Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.

Debt instruments at amortised cost other than derivative contracts

A ‘debt instrument' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

> The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

> Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

This assessment is referred to as the Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (SPPI) test and is performed at an instrument level. Financial assets with cash flows that are not SPPI are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in Other Income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

Equity investments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value other than equity investments measured at deemed cost on first time adoption of Ind AS. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL). For all other equity instruments, the Company decides to classify the same either as at FVTOCI or Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL). The Company makes such election on an instrument-byinstrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iii. De-recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company's similar financial assets) is primarily de-recognised when:

> The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

> The Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset

iv. Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits, trade receivables and bank balance.

The Company follows ‘simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on Trade receivables.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive, discounted at the original EIR. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:

a. All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension, call and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument.

b. Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.

As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/ expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss (P&L). This amount is reflected under the head ‘other expenses' in the P&L. The balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments is described below:

Financial assets measured at amortised cost: ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company combines financial instruments on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics with the objective of facilitating an analysis that is designed to enable significant increases in credit risk to be identified on a timely basis.

B. Financial liabilities

i. Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowing or payables, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts and financial guarantee contracts.

ii. Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below: Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include derivatives, financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risks are recognized in OCI. These gains/ losses are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Trade Payables

Trade payables represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are de-recognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the lender for a loss it incurs because the specified borrower fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a loan agreement. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation.

De-recognition

A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Reclassification of Financial Assets and Liabilities:

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company's senior management

determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company's operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

The following table shows various reclassification and how they are accounted for:

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are off-set and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

3.21.Cash dividend to equity holders of the Company

The Company recognises a liability to make cash distributions to equity holders of the Company when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India distribution is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity.

3.22.Operating Segments

The Business Process and Risk Management Committee of the Company approved by the Board of Directors and Audit Committee performs the function of allotment of resources and assessment of performance of the Company. Considering the level of activities performed, frequency of their meetings

and level of finality of their decisions, the Company has identified that Chief Operating Decision Maker function is being performed by the Business Process and Risk Management Committee. The financial information presented to the Business Process and Risk Management Committee in the context of results and for the purposes of approving the annual operating plan is on a consolidated basis for various products of the Company. As the Company's business activity falls within a single business segment viz. ‘Paints' and the sales substantially being in the domestic market, the Standalone financial statement are reflective of the information required by Ind AS 108 “Operating Segments”.

3.23. Events after reporting date:

Where events occurring after the Balance Sheet date provide evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period, the impact of such events is adjusted within the Financial Statements. Otherwise, events after the Balance Sheet date of material size or nature are only disclosed.

3.24. New and amended standards

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023 dated 31 March 2023 to amend the following Ind AS which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April 2023. The Company applied for the first-time these amendments.

(i) Accounting Estimates - Amendments to Ind AS 8

The amendments clarify the distinction between changes in accounting estimates, changes in accounting policies and the correction of errors. It has also been clarified how entities use measurement techniques and inputs to develop accounting estimates.

The amendments had no material impact on the Company’s standalone financial statements.

(ii) Disclosure of Accounting Policies - Amendments to Ind AS 1

The amendments aim to help entities provide accounting policy disclosures that are more useful by replacing the requirement for entities to disclose their ‘significant’ accounting policies with a requirement to disclose their ‘material’ accounting policies and adding guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures.

The amendments have had an impact on the Company’s disclosures of accounting policies, but not on the measurement, recognition or presentation of any items in the Company’s financial statements.

(iii) Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction -Amendments to Ind AS 12

The amendments narrow the scope of the initial recognition exception under Ind AS 12, so that it no longer applies to transactions that give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences such as leases.

The Company previously recognised for deferred tax on leases on a net basis. As a result of these amendments, the Company has recognised a separate deferred tax asset in relation to its lease liabilities and a deferred tax liability in relation to its right-of-use assets. Since, these balances qualify for offset as per the requirements of paragraph 74 of Ind AS 12,there is no impact in the balance sheet. There was also no impact on the opening retained earnings as at April 01, 2022.

Apart from these, consequential amendments and editorials have been made to other Ind AS like Ind AS 101, Ind AS 102, Ind AS 103, Ind AS 107, Ind AS 109, Ind AS 115 and Ind AS 34 as applicable.