1. Significant Accounting Policies:
(a) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized and measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The company collects service tax, GST on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:
(i) Infrastructure Leasing Income:
Rental income from operating leases (net of any incentives given to the lessees) is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
(ii) Interest income:
Interest income, including income arising from other financial instruments, is recognized using the effective interest rate method.
(b) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost of acquisition or construction net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss (if any). All significant costs relating to the acquisition and installation of property, plant and equipment are capitalized. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the property, plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in statement of profit and loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. The identified components are depreciated over their useful lives, the remaining asset is depreciated over the life of the principal asset.
Depreciation for identified components is computed on straight line method based on useful lives, determined based on internal technical evaluation. Freehold land is carried at cost.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
(c) Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method over the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013. Depreciation for assets purchased/sold during a period is proportionately charged.
(d) Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is: -
- Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
- Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
- All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;
- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
- The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
(e) Financial assets
Financial assets comprise of cash and cash equivalents.
Initial recognition:
All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value. Purchases or sales of financial asset that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date, i.e., the date that the company commits to purchase or sell the assets.
Subsequent Measurement:
(i) Financial assets measured at amortized cost: Financial assets held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding are measured at amortized cost using effective interest rate (EIR) method. The EIR amortization is recognized as finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The Company while applying above criteria has classified the following at amortized cost:
a) Trade receivable
b) Cash and cash equivalents
c) Other Financial Asset Impairment of Financial Assets:
Financial assets are tested for impairment based on the expected credit losses.
De-recognition of financial assets:
A financial asset is primarily de-recognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired or the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset.
(f) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets
At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. Where an indicator of impairment exists, the company makes a formal estimate of recoverable amount. Where the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
Recoverable amount is the greater of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. It is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets, in which case, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.
(g) Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Deposits with banks are subsequently measured at amortized cost and short term investments are measured at fair value through statement of profit & loss account.
(h) Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement:
All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and transaction cost that is attributable to the acquisition of the financial liabilities is also adjusted. These liabilities are classified as amortized cost. A preference share that provides for mandatory redemption by the issuer for a fixed or determinable amount at a fixed or determinable future date, or gives the holder the right to require the issuer to redeem the instrument at or after a particular date for a fixed or determinable amount, is a financial liability.
Subsequent measurement:
These liabilities include are borrowings and deposits. Subsequent to initial recognition, these liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. This category generally applies to borrowings.
De-recognition of financial liabilities:
A financial liability is de-recognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the statement of profit or loss.
(i) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest, exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.
(j) Employee Benefits
Employee benefits are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year.
Provident Fund
Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund are defined contribution scheme and such contributions are recognized, when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other obligation other than the contribution payable to the respective funds.
Gratuity
The Company has not created any gratuity fund. However adequate provisions have been made in the accounts for gratuity liability. The benefit vests upon completion of five years of continuous service and once vested it is payable to employees on retirement or on termination of employment. In case of death while in service, the gratuity is payable irrespective of vesting.
Compensated absences
Liability in respect of compensated absences becoming due or expected to be availed within one year from the balance sheet date is recognized on the basis of undiscounted value of estimated amount required to be paid or estimated value of benefit expected to be availed by the employees.
Short-term employee benefits
Expense in respect of other short term benefits is recognized on the basis of the amount paid or payable for the period during which services are rendered by the employee.
(k) Income Taxes
Income tax expense is comprised of current and deferred taxes. Current and deferred tax is recognized in net income Current income taxes for the current period, including any adjustments to tax payable in respect of previous years, are recognized and measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or payable to the taxation authorities based on the tax rates that are enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred income tax
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax base using the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the deferred tax asset or liability is expected to settle, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of reporting period. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable income nor the accounting income.
Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT)
MAT credit is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the company will pay normal income tax during the specified period. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in Guidance Note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified period.
(l) Leases
As a lessee
Leases of property, plant and equipment where the company, as lessee, has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are capitalized at the lease's inception at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance charges, are included in borrowings or other financial liabilities as appropriate. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the profit or loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.
Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the company as lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor's expected inflationary cost increases.
As a lessor
Lease income from operating leases where the company is a lessor is recognized in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on their nature.
Lease-hold land:
Leasehold land that normally has a finite economic life and title which is not expected to pass to the lessee by the end of the lease term is treated as an operating lease. The payment made on entering into or acquiring a leasehold land is accounted for as leasehold land use rights (referred to as prepaid lease payments in Ind AS 17 “Leases”) and is amortized over the lease term in accordance with the pattern of benefits provided.
(m) Provisions, contingent assets and contingent liabilities
Provisions are recognized only when there is a present obligation, as a result of past events, and when a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation can be made at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Provisions are discounted to their present values, where the time value of money is material.
Contingent liability is disclosed for:
- Possible obligations which will be confirmed only by future events not wholly within the control of the Company or
- Present obligations arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed. However, when realization of income is virtually certain, related asset is recognized.
(n) Fair value measurement
In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company uses following hierarchy and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date. Fair value hierarchy:
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
- Level 1 —Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
- Level 2—Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
- Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
(o) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for events of bonus issue. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
4. Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the recognition and measurement principles of Ind AS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported balances of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.
a) Judgements
In the process of applying the accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements:
i) Classification of property The Company determines whether a property is classified as investment property or inventory property:
Investment property comprises land and buildings (principally offices, commercial warehouse and retail property) that are not occupied substantially for use by, or in the operations of, the Company, nor for sale in the ordinary course of business, but are held primarily to earn rental income and capital appreciation. These buildings are substantially rented to tenants and not intended to be sold in the ordinary course of business.
b) Estimates and assumptions
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
i) Classification of leases -
The Company enters into leasing arrangements for various assets. The classification of the leasing arrangement as a finance lease or operating lease is based on an assessment of several factors, including, but not limited to, transfer of ownership of leased asset at end of lease term, lessee's option to purchase and estimated certainty of exercise of such option, proportion of lease term to the asset's economic life, proportion of present value of minimum lease payments to fair value of leased asset and extent of specialized nature of the leased asset.
ii) Useful lives of depreciable/amortizable assets
Management reviews its estimate of the useful lives of depreciable/amortizable assets at each reporting date, based on the expected utility of the assets. Uncertainties in these estimates relate to technical and economic obsolescence that may change the utility of certain software, customer relationships, IT equipment and other plant and equipment.
iii) Fair value measurements
Management applies valuation techniques to determine the fair value of financial instruments (where active market quotes are not available) and non-financial assets. This involves developing estimates and assumptions consistent with how market participants would price the instrument. Management uses the best information available. Estimated fair values may vary from the actual prices that would be achieved in an arm's length transaction at the reporting date.
c) Recent Amendments
Standards issued but not yet effective
i) Ind AS 115-Revenue from Contracts with Customers-The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) on March 28, 2018 has notified new Indian Accounting Standard as mentioned above .The new standard will come to into force from accounting period commencing on or after April 01, 2018.It replaces existing recognition guidance, including Ind AS 18 Revenue and Ind AS 11 Construction contract. The standard is likely to affect the measurement, recognition and disclosure of revenue. The Company has evaluated and there is no material impact of this amendment on the Financial Statement of the Company except disclosure. The Company will adopt the Ind AS 115 on the required effective date.
ii) Ind AS 21, The Effect of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates - The amendments to Ind AS 21 addresses issue to determine the date of transactions for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to be used on initial recognition of related assets, expenses or income when entity has received or paid advances in foreign currencies by incorporating the same in Appendix B to Ind AS 21. The amendment will come into force from accounting period commencing on or after April 01, 2018. The Company has evaluated this amendment and impact of this amendment will not be material.
The Company is evaluating the requirements of the amendment and the effect on the financial statements is being evaluated.
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