Corporate Information

The accompanying financial statements comprise the financial statements of Bharat Electronics Limited (the Company). The Company is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Bharat Electronics Limited's shares are listed on two recognised stock exchanges in India. The registered office and principal place of business of the Company is located at Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

The Company is a public sector enterprise under the administrative control of the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence. Bharat Electronics Limited manufactures and supplies electronic equipment and systems to defence sector. Other than defence sector, the Company has also got a limited presence in the civilian market.

Material Accounting Policies1. Basis of Preparation

The financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (GAAP) comprises the mandatory Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) [as notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015], as amended from time to time, to the extent applicable, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and these have been consistently applied.

2. Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liability and contingent assets as at the date of financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Although such estimates are made on a reasonable and prudent basis taking into account of all available information, actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences are recognised in the period in which the results are ascertained.

3. Basis of Measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:

• Derivative financial instruments, if any

• Financial assets and liabilities that are qualified to be measured at fair value

• The defined benefit asset / liability is recognised as the present value of defined benefit obligation less fair value of plan assets.

4. Functional and Presentation Currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR) which is the functional and the presentation currency of the Company.

5. Revenue Recognition

A. Revenue from Contract with Customers

i. Revenue is recognised when (or as) the company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised goods or services (i.e., an Asset) to a Customer.

ii. Satisfaction of performance obligation over time

a. Revenue is recognised overtime where the transfer of control of goods or services take places over time by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation, if one of the following criteria is met:

• the company's performance entitles the customer to receive and consume the benefits simultaneously as the company performs

• the company's performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced

• the company's performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the company and the company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

b. Progress made towards satisfying a performance obligation is assessed based on the ratio of actual costs incurred on the contract up to the reporting date to the estimated total costs expected to complete the contract. If the outcome of the performance obligation cannot be estimated reliably and where it is probable that the costs will be recovered, revenue is recognised to the extent of costs incurred.

c. I n case of AMC contracts, where passage of time is the criteria for satisfaction of performance obligation, revenue is recognised using the output method.

iii. Satisfaction of performance obligation at a point in time

a. In respect of cases where the transfer of control does not take place over time, the company recognises the revenue at a point in time when it satisfies the performance obligations.

b. The performance obligation is satisfied when the customer obtains control of the asset. The indicators for transfer of control include the following:

• the company has transferred physical possession of the asset

• the customer has legal title to the asset

• the customer has accepted the asset

• when the company has a present right to payment for the asset

• t he customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset. The transfer of significant risks and rewards ownership is assessed based on the Inco-terms of the contracts.

Ex-Works contract - In case of Ex-works contract, revenue is recognised when the specified goods are unconditionally appropriated to the contract after prior Inspection and acceptance, if required.

FOR Contracts - In the case of FOR contracts, revenue is recognised when the goods are handed

over to the carrier for transmission to the buyer after prior inspection and acceptance, if stipulated, and in the case of FOR destination contracts, if there is a reasonable expectation of the goods reaching destination within the accounting period.

c. Bill and hold Sales

Bill and hold sales is recognised when all the following criteria are met:

• the reason for the bill and hold sales is substantive

• the product is identified separately as belonging to the customer

• t he product is currently ready for physical transfer to the customer

• the company does not have the ability to use the product or to direct it to another customer

iv. Measurement

a. Revenue is recognised at the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the performance obligation.

The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amount collected on behalf of third parties.

I n case of price escalation and ERV, revenue is recognised at most likely amount to be realised from customer in line with contractual terms.

b. In case where the contracts involve multiple performance obligations, the company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation on the relative stand-alone selling price basis.

Bundled Contracts - In case of a Bundled contract, where separate fee for installation and commissioning or any other separately identifiable component is not stipulated, the Company applies the recognition criteria to separately identifiable

components (sale of goods and installation and commissioning, etc.) of the transaction and allocates the revenue to those separate components based on stand-alone selling price.

Multiple Elements - In cases where the installation and commissioning or any other separately identifiable component is stipulated and price for the same agreed separately, the Company applies the recognition criteria to separately identified components (sale of goods and installation and commissioning, etc.) of the transaction and allocates the revenue to those separate components based on their stand-alone selling price.

c. If the stand-alone selling price is not available the company estimates the stand alone selling price.

v. Penalties

Penalties (including levy of liquidated damages for delay in delivery) specified in a contract are not treated as an inherent part of Transaction Price if the levy of same is subject to review by the customer.

vi. Significant financing component

Advances received towards execution of Defence related projects are not considered for determining significant financing component since the objective is to protect the interest of the contracting parties.

In respect of other contracts, the existence of significant financing component is reviewed on a case to case basis.

B. Other Income

Recognition of other income is as follows:

i. Interest Income

I nterest income is recognised using the effective interest rate method.

ii. Dividend Income

Dividend income is recognised when the Company's right to receive the payment is established.

Cost of Developmental work under progress, wherever eligible, is classified as "Intangible Assets under Development".

I ntangible Asset under Development includes amount funded by the company to external agencies towards developmental project(s) and expenditure incurred by the company towards material cost, employee cost and other direct expenditure.

I ntangible assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently at cost less accumulated amortisation and cumulative impairment losses, if any.

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from their use or disposal. Gains or losses on derecognition of intangible assets, if any, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

8. Depreciation / Amortisation

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The Company, based on technical assessments, depreciates certain items of building, plant and equipment and other asset classes over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The Management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

Where cost of a part of the asset is significant to total cost of the asset and estimated useful life of that part is different from the estimated useful life of the remaining asset, estimated useful life of that significant part is determined separately and the significant part is depreciated on straight-line basis over its estimated useful life.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation / amortisation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

I ntangible assets are amortised over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are available for use. The residual values, useful lives and amortisation methods, are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

9. Disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the property, plant and equipment (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the property, plant and equipment is derecognised.

10. Research and Development Expenditure

(i) Expenditure on Research activity is recognised as an expense in the period when it is incurred.

(ii) Development expenditure (other than on specific development - cum sales contracts and Developmental projects initiated at customer's request), is charged off as expenditure when incurred. Developmental expenditure on development - cum - sale contracts and on Developmental projects initiated at customer's request are treated at par with other sales contracts.

Development expenditure incurred in respect of Joint development projects which are not fully compensated by the development partner are carried forward where the company is nominated as a production agency and future economic benefits are expected.

Developmental projects are reviewed periodically and the amount carried forward, if any, is charged off in the event of the project being declared closed by the customer / end user without any commitment to place order.

(iii) Expenditure incurred towards other developmental activity (including joint developmental activity in collaboration with external agencies) where the research results or other knowledge is applied

for developing new or improved products or processes, are recognised as an Intangible Asset if the recognition criteria specified in Ind AS 38 are met and when the product or process developed is expected to be technically and commercially usable, the company has sufficient resources to complete development and subsequently use or sell the intangible asset, and the product or process is likely to generate future economic benefits.

(iv) Expenditure incurred on Developmental projects for participating in No Cost No Commitment (NCNC) trials, based on Request for Quote from customer, are carried forward till conclusion of the trials and will be amortised over the orders to be received.

In case customer order is immediately not forthcoming:

• the amount is capitalised if further economic benefit is expected from its use, or

• the amount is charged off in the event of the project being closed by the customer / end user without any commitment to place order.

11. Expenditure on Technical Know-How

Expenditure incurred on technical know-how is charged off to Statement of Profit and Loss on incurrence unless it qualifies for recognition as an Intangible Asset either separately on its own or in combination with other assets / expenses.

12. Investment Property

I nvestment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

13. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or Cash Generating

Unit's (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset in determining fair value less costs of disposal.

Reversal of impairment provision is made when there is an increase in the estimated service potential of an asset or Cash Generating Unit (CGU), either from use or sale, on reassessment after the date when impairment loss for that asset was last recognised.

14. Leases

Company as a Lessee:-

Contracts with third party, which give the company the right of use in respect of an Asset, are accounted in line with the provisions of Ind AS 116 - Leases, if the recognition criteria as specified in the Accounting standard are met.

Lease payments associated with Short terms leases and Leases in respect of Low value assets are charged off as expenses on straight line basis over lease term or other systematic basis, as applicable.

At commencement date, the value of "right of use" is capitalised at the present value of outstanding lease payments plus any initial direct cost and estimated cost, if any, of dismantling and removing the underlying asset and presented as part of property, plant and equipment.

Subsequent measurement of right-of-use asset is made using Cost model.

Liability for lease is created for an amount equivalent to the present value of outstanding lease payments and presented as Borrowing.

Each lease payment is allocated between the liability created and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the Statement of Profit and loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the shorter of the asset's useful life and the lease term on a straightline basis.

The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be determined, or the company's incremental borrowing rate.

Lease modifications, if any are accounted as a separate lease if the recognition criteria specified in the standard are met.

Company as a lessor:

Leases are classified as operating lease or a finance lease based on the recognition criteria specified in Ind AS 116 - Leases.

a) Finance Lease :

At commencement date, amount equivalent to the "net investment in the lease" is presented as a Receivable. The implicit interest rate is used to measure the value of the "net investment in Lease".

Each lease payment is allocated between the Receivable created and finance income. The finance income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and loss over the lease period so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in Lease.

The asset is tested for de-recognition and impairment requirements as per Ind AS 109 -Financial Instruments.

Lease modifications, if any are accounted as a separate lease if the recognition criteria specified in the standard are met.

b) Operating lease:

The company recognises lease payments from operating leases as income on either a straight-line basis or another systematic basis, if required.

Lease modifications, if any are accounted as a separate lease if the recognition criteria specified in the standard are met.

15. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. General borrowing costs are capitalised to qualifying assets by applying a capitalisation rate to the expenditure on that asset. The capitalisation rate is the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to general borrowings outstanding, other than specific borrowings. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

16. Government Grants

Grants from Government are measured at fair value and initially recognised as Deferred Income.

The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of acquisition of Fixed Asset is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss in proportion to the depreciation charged on the respective assets to the extent attributable to Government Grants utilised for the acquisition.

The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of Revenue Expenses is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent of expenditure incurred in the ratio of the funding to the total sanctioned cost, limited to the government grant received.

17. Investments in Joint Venture and Associates

The Company accounts for it's interests in associates and joint ventures in the separate financial statements at cost.

18. Inventories

All inventories of the Company other than disposable scrap are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Disposable scrap is valued at estimated net realisable value. Cost of materials is ascertained by using the weighted average cost formula.

Cost of Work - in - progress and finished goods include Materials, Direct Labour and appropriate overheads.

Adequate provision is made for inventory which are more than five years old which may not be required for further use.

19. Income Taxes

Income tax comprises of current and deferred tax.

(i) Current Income Tax

Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Current tax relating to items recognised directly in other comprehensive income or equity is recognised in other comprehensive income or equity respectively and not in the statement of profit and loss.

(ii) Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is provided using the Balance Sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

(iii) Incremental liability for payment of Gratuity and Employee Provident fund to employees is determined as the difference between present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit Method and the Fair Value of Plan Assets funded in an approved trust set up for the purpose for which monthly contributions are made in the case of provident fund and lump sum contributions in the case of gratuity.

(iv) I ncremental liability under BEL Retired Employees Contributory Health Scheme (BERECHS) is determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit Method and provided for.

(v) Actuarial liability for the year is determined with reference to employees at the end of January of each year.

(vi) Actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised immediately in other comprehensive income (OCI). Net interest expense (income) on the net defined liability (asset) is computed by applying the discount rate, used to measure the net defined liability (asset), to the net defined liability (asset) at the start of the financial year after taking into account any changes as a result of contribution and benefit payments during the year. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in statement of profit and loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss.

(vii) Payments of voluntary retirement benefits are charged off to revenue on incurrence.

(viii) Defined Contribution Plan

The Company operates employee pension scheme and superannuation pension scheme for its employees that are categorised as a defined contribution plans. For defined contribution plans, the Company pays contributions to independently administered funds at a fixed percentage of employees' pay. These

25. Fair value Measurement

The Company measures certain financial instruments, such as derivatives and other items in it's financial statements at fair value at each reporting date.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3 - Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy.

26. Financial Assets

(i) Initial Recognition and Measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value. In the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset are included in the cost of the asset.

(ii) Subsequent Measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:

• Debt instruments measured at amortised cost,

• Debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI),

• Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL),

• Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI).

(iii) Derecognition

A financial asset or part of a financial asset is derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired.

(iv) Trade and Other Receivables

Receivables are initially recognised at fair value, which in most cases approximates the nominal value. If there is any subsequent indication that those assets may be impaired, they are reviewed for impairment.

27. Forward Contracts

The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

28. Embedded Derivative

The embedded derivative, if required, is separated from host contract and measured at fair value.

29. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash comprises of cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.

Bank overdrafts, if any, are classified as borrowings under current liabilities in the balance sheet.

30. Impairment of Financial Assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies the expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets with credit risk exposure.

a. Time barred dues from the government / government departments / government companies

are generally not considered as increase in credit risk of such financial asset.

b. Where dues are disputed in legal proceedings, provision is made if any decision is given against the Company even if the same is taken up on appeal to higher authorities / courts.

c. Dues outstanding for significant period of time are reviewed and provision is made on a case to case basis.

Impairment loss allowance (or reversal) is recognised as expense / income in the statement of profit and loss.

31. Financial Liabilities

(i) Initial Recognition and Measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, at fair value through profit or loss as loans, borrowings, payables, or derivatives, as appropriate.

Loans, borrowings and payables, are stated net of transaction costs that are directly attributable to them.

(ii) Subsequent Measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial Liabilities at fair value through Profit or Loss:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined in Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

(iii) Loans and Borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate method (EIR).

Gains and losses are recognised as profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.

(iv) Trade and Other Payables

Liabilities are recognised for amounts to be paid in future for goods or services received, whether billed by the supplier or not.

32. Reclassification of Financial Instruments

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively.

33. Offsetting of Financial Instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

34. Cash Dividend and Non-Cash distribution to Equity Holders

The Company recognises a liability to make cash or noncash distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company.

35. Errors and Estimates

The Company revises it's accounting policies if the change is required due to a change in Ind AS or if the change will provide more relevant and reliable information to the users of the financial statements. Changes in accounting policies are applied retrospectively, unless it is impracticable to apply.

A change in an accounting estimate that results in changes in the carrying amounts of recognised assets or liabilities or to statement of profit and loss is applied prospectively in the period(s) of change.

Discovery of material errors results in revisions retrospectively by restating the comparative amounts of assets, liabilities and equity of the earliest prior period in which the error is discovered. The opening balances of the earliest period presented are also restated.

36. Earnings Per Share

The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share data for its ordinary shares. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares

outstanding during the period, adjusted for own shares held. Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.

37. Events after the Reporting Period

Adjusting events are events that provide further evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period. The financial statements are adjusted for such events before authorisation for issue.

Non-adjusting events are events that are indicative of conditions that arose after the end of the reporting period. Non-adjusting events after the reporting date are not accounted, but disclosed.