Note - 1

MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

COMPANY OVERVIEW:

The Bright Brothers Limited ("the Company") is public limited Company incorporated and domiciled in India and has registered office at Office No. 91, 9th Floor, Jolly Maker Chambers No. 2, 225, Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021. It is incorporated under the Indian Companies Act, 1913 and its shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange Limited.

The Company is engaged in the business of manufacturing injection moulded plastics products for supplies to Original Equipment Manufacturers for Consumer Durable Industry and market its own products under "Brite" brand for material handling crates.

The Company has hair care division which market hair brushes and beauty products under "DIVO" brand.

(A) Statement of Compliance & Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements:

i) Compliance with IND AS

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the 'Ind AS') as notified by Ministry of Corporate Affairs pursuant to Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ('Act') read with of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended and other relevant provisions of the Act.

ii) Historical Cost Convention

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain class of Financial Assets/ Liabilities and defined benefit plans that are measured at fair value.

iii) Rounding of amounts

The financial statements are presented in INR and all values are rounded to the nearest lakhs (INR ,00,000), except when otherwise indicated.

(B) Presentation of financial statements:

The Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit and Loss and the Statement of Changes in Equity are prepared and presented in the format prescribed in the Schedule Ill to the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act). The Statement of Cash Flows has been prepared and presented in accordance with Ind AS 7 "Statement of Cash Flows". The disclosures with respect to items in the Balance Sheet and Statement of Profit and Loss, as prescribed in the Schedule Ill to the Act, are presented by way of notes forming part of the financial statements along with the other notes required to be disclosed under the notified Accounting Standards and the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015 as amended.

Amounts in the financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee in lakh rounded off to two decimal places as permitted by Schedule Ill to the Act. Per share data are presented in Indian Rupee to two decimals places.

(C) Use of Estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS. It requires that the management of the Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and expenses of the period, the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. The estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the financial statements are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances. Differences between actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known/ materialised. The said estimates are based on the facts and events, that existed as at the reporting date, or that occurred after that date but provide additional evidence about conditions existing as at the reporting date.

(D) Current and non-current classification:

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification.

An asset is treated as current when it is:

• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in the normal operating cycle.

• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is treated as current when it is:

• Expected to be settled in normal operating cycle.

• Due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities. The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents.

(E) Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE):

(i) PPE is recognised when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. PPE is stated at original cost net of tax/duty credits availed, if any, less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment, if any.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost can be measured reliably.

The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalisation criteria are met, directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use and initial estimate of decommissioning, restoring and similar liabilities. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.

(ii) Items of stores and spares that meet the definition of property, plant and equipment are capitalized at cost and depreciated over their useful life. Otherwise, such items are classified as inventories.

(iii) Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

(iv) Cost of land includes lands acquired under lease.

(v) Cost of building includes buildings constructed on leasehold lands.

(vi) PPE is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the same period.

PPE not ready for the intended use on the date of the Balance Sheet is disclosed as "capital work-in-progress".

Where cost of a part of the asset ("asset component") is significant to total cost of the asset and useful life of that part is different from the useful life of the remaining asset, useful life of that significant part is determined separately and such asset component is depreciated over its separate useful life.

(F) Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment:

(i) Depreciation on Property, plant and equipment (PPE) is calculated on a straight-line basis using the rates arrived at based on the useful lives estimated by the management, which are equal to the life prescribed under the Schedule Il to the Companies Act, 2013. Depreciation method is reviewed at each financial year end to reflect the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset. The estimated useful life and residual values are also reviewed at each financial year end and the effect of any change in the estimates of useful life/ residual value is accounted on prospective basis. The range of estimated useful lives Property, Plant and Equipment's are as under:

Depreciation on assets added/ sold or discarded during the year is being provided on pro-rata basis up to the date on which such assets are added/ sold or discarded.

Gains/ Losses on disposals/ de-recognition of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount and these are recognized in statement of profit & Loss. (ii) Premium on leasehold land is amortized over the period of lease.

(G) Intangible Assets:

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately or developed in-house are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. The useful life of an intangible asset is considered finite where the rights to such assets are limited to a specified period by contract or law or the likelihood of technical, technological obsolescence or commercial obsolescence. If, there are no such limitations, the useful life is taken to be indefinite. An intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is not amortized. Intangible assets that have finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives by the straight-line method. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

The useful lives of intangible assets are reviewed annually to determine if a reset of such useful life is required for assets with finite lives and to confirm that business circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life assessment for assets so classified. An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses on de-recognition are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in profit or loss under other expenses / other income. Development expenditure on new products is capitalised as intangible asset, if all of the following can be demonstrated:

1. The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;

2. The Company has intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it;

3. The Company has ability to use or sell the intangible asset;

4. The manner in which the probable future economic benefits will be generated including the existence of a market for output of the intangible asset or intangible asset itself or if it is to be used internally, the usefulness of intangible assets;

5. The availability of adequate technical, financial, and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset;

6. The Company has ability to reliably measure the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development. Development expenditure that does not meet the above criteria is expensed in the period in which it is incurred.

(H) Effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates:

a) Functional and Presentation currency :

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency closing rates of exchange at the reporting date.

b) Initial Recognition :

Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent of exchange differences which are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on foreign currency borrowings that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets which are capitalised as cost of assets.

c) Measurement of Foreign Currency Items at the Balance Sheet Date :

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are recorded using the exchange rates at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was measured.

In case of an asset, expense, or income where a non-monetary advance is paid/ received, the date of transaction is the date on which the advance was initially recognised. If there were multiple payments or receipts in advance, multiple dates of transactions are determined for each payment or receipt of advance consideration.

(I) Inventories:

I nventories includes Raw Material and Components, Work-in-Progress, Finished goods and Traded goods, Stores & spares, Consumables, Packing Materials.

(i) Raw Material and Stores Spares — Raw Material and Components are valued at lower of moving weighted average cost or net realisable value However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost if the finished products in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost includes cost of purchases and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Taxes which are subsequently recoverable from taxation authorities are not included in the cost. Cost is determined using identified lot basis / First in first out (FIFO) basis.

(ii) Finished Goods, Stock-in-trade, and Work in progress — Finished stock, Traded goods and Work in progress stock are valued at lower of weighted average cost including related overheads or net realisable value. Cost includes cost of direct material, labour, other direct cost, and a proportion of manufacturing overheads allocated based on the normal operating capacity but excluding borrowing costs.

(iii) Assessment of net realisable value is made at each reporting period end and when the circumstances that previously caused inventories to be written-down below cost no longer exist or when there is clear evidence of an increase in net realisable value because of changed economic circumstances, the write-down, if any, in the past period is reversed to the extent of the original amount written-down so that the resultant carrying amount is the lower of the cost and the revised net realisable value.

Adequate allowance is made for obsolete and slow moving items.

(J) Financial Instruments:

Financial assets - Initial recognition

Financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets other than trade receivables are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs for all financial assets not carried at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss is initially recognised at fair value, and transaction costs are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Subsequent measurement Financial assets, other than equity instruments, are subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of both:

(i) the entity's business model for managing the financial assets and;

(a) Measured at amortised cost:

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost, if it is held under the hold to collect business model i.e. held with an objective of holding the assets to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding. Amortised cost is calculated using the effective interest rate ("EIR") method by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in interest income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition, gain or loss, if any, is recognised to Statement of Profit and Loss.

(b) Measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI):

A financial asset is measured at FVOCI, if it is held under the hold to collect and sell business model i.e. held with an objective to collect contractual cash flows and selling such financial asset and the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding. It is subsequently measured at fair value with fair value movements recognised in the OCI, except for interest income which recognised using EIR method. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in the OCI is reclassified from the equity to Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL):

Investment in financial asset other than equity instrument, not measured at either amortised cost or FVOCI is measured at FVTPL. Such financial assets are measured at fair value with all changes in fair value, including interest income and dividend income if any, recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Equity Instruments:

All investments in equity instruments classified under financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are measured at FVTPL.

For all other equity instruments, the Company may, on initial recognition, irrevocably elect to measure the same either at FVOCI or FVTPL. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Fair value changes on an equity instrument shall be recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss unless the Company has elected to measure such instrument at FVOCI. Fair value changes excluding dividends, on an equity instrument measured at FVOCI are recognised in the OCI. Amounts recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) are not subsequently transferred to Statement of Profit and Loss. Dividend income on the investments in equity instruments are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment:

The Company recognises a loss allowance for Expected Credit Losses (ECL) on financial assets that are measured at amortised cost and at FVOCI. The credit loss is difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to an entity in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e. all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate. This is assessed on an individual or collective basis after considering all reasonable and supportable including that which is forward-looking.

The Company's trade receivables or contract revenue receivables do not contain significant financing component and loss allowance on trade receivables is measured at an amount equal to life time expected losses i.e. expected cash shortfall, being simplified approach for recognition of impairment loss allowance.

Under simplified approach, the Company does not track changes in credit risk. Rather it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on the lifetime ECL at each reporting date right from its initial recognition. The Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on the portfolio of trade receivables.

The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivable and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.

For financial assets other than trade receivables, the Company recognises 12—month expected credit losses for all originated or acquired financial assets if at the reporting date the credit risk of the financial asset has not increased significantly since its initial recognition. The expected credit losses are measured as lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on financial asset increases significantly since its initial recognition. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer significant increase in credit risks since initial recognition, then the Company reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12 months ECL.

The impairment losses and reversals are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. For equity instruments and financial assets measured at FVTPL, there is no requirement for impairment testing.

De-recognition

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers rights to receive cash flows from an asset, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Trade receivables, security deposits, cash and cash equivalents, employee and other advances — at amortised cost.

Financial Liabilities

Initial Recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial liabilities are initially recognised at fair value net of transaction costs for all financial liabilities not carried at fair value through profit or loss.

The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings.

Subsequent measurement:

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost are subsequently measured at using EIR method. Financial liabilities carried at fair value through profit or loss is measured at fair value with all changes in fair value recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Loans & Borrowings:

After initial recognition, interest bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in profit & loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through EIR amortization process.

Financial Guarantee Contracts:

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that requires a payment to be made or to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtors fails to make payment when due in accordance with the term of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognized initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognized less cumulative adjustments.

De-recognition:

A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

Offsetting of financial instruments:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(K) Investment in Subsidiaries:

The Company's investment in its subsidiaries, associates and Joint Ventures are carried at cost net of accumulated impairment loss, if any in the separate financial statements.

On disposal of the Investment, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount is charged or credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(L) Fair Value measurement:

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

(i) In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

(ii) In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

"The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

(i) Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

(ii) Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

(iii) Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

(M) Employee Benefits:

(i) Short-term employee benefits:

Employee benefits such as salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences, bonus falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits and are expensed in the period in which the employee renders the service.

(ii) Post-employment benefits:

A. Defined contribution plans: The Company's superannuation scheme, state governed provident fund scheme, employee state insurance scheme and employee pension scheme are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid/ payable under the schemes is recognised during the period in which the employee renders the service.

B. Defined benefit plans: The employees' gratuity & leave encashment fund schemes and represent defined benefit plans. The present value of the obligation under defined benefit plans is determined based on actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method.

(a) Defined-benefit plan:

The defined benefit obligations are calculated annually by actuaries through actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method.

The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

(i) Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailment and nonroutine settlements; and

(ii) Net interest expense or income

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expenses in the statement of the profit & loss.

Re-measurement comprising

(i) Re-measurement of Actuarial(gains) / losses

(ii) Return on plan assets, excluding amount recognized in effect of asset ceiling

(iii) Re-measurement arising because of change in effect of asset ceiling are recognised in the period in which they occur directly in Other comprehensive income. Re-measurement are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

Ind AS 19 requires the exercise of judgment in relation to various assumptions including future pay rises, inflation and discount rates and employee and pensioner demographics. The Company determines the assumptions in conjunction with its actuaries and believes these assumptions to be in line with best practice, but the application of different assumptions could have a significant effect on the amounts reflected in the income statement, other comprehensive income and balance sheet. There may be also interdependency between some of the assumptions.

(N) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets:

As at the end of each financial year, the carrying amounts of PPE, intangible assets are reviewed to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If such indication exists, PPE and intangible assets are tested for impairment so as to determine the impairment loss, if any. Intangible assets with indefinite life are tested for impairment each year.

Impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is determined:

(i) in the case of an individual asset, at the higher of the fair value less costs to sell and the value-in-use; and

(ii) in the case of a cash generating unit (the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates independent cash flows), at the higher of the cash generating unit's fair value less costs to sell and the value-in-use.

The amount of value-in-use is determined as the present value of estimated future cash flows from the continuing use of an asset, which may vary based on the future performance of the Company and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. For this purpose, the discount rate (pre-tax) is determined based on the weighted average cost of capital of the company suitably adjusted for risks specified to the estimated cash flows of the asset.

If recoverable amount of an asset (or cash generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, such deficit is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as impairment loss and the carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, such that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(O) Taxes on Income:

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax.

Current and deferred taxes are recognised in statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Current Income Taxes

Tax on income for the current period is The Company's current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted, by the end of the reporting period and using estimates and judgments based on the expected outcome of assessments/ appeals and the relevant rulings in the areas of allowances and disallowances.

Advance taxes and provisions for current income taxes are presented in the balance sheet after offsetting the advance tax paid and the income tax provision arising in the same tax jurisdiction and where related tax paying units intends to settle the assets and liabilities on a Net basis.

Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in financial statements. Deferred income tax asset are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are not recognised where it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realised in the future.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the relevant entity intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

The Company reviews the Minimum Alternative Tax ('MAT') at each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period.

(P) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions:

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Where the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

Provision for expected credit losses (F.C.T,) of trade receivables and contract assets:

The Company uses a provision matrix to calculate FCLs for trade receivables and contract assets. The provision matrix is initially based on the Company's historical observed default rates. The Company will calibrate the matrix to adjust the historical credit loss experience with forward-looking information. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.

Contingent Liabilities:

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that can't be recognised because it can't be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise the contingent liability but disclose its existence in its financial statements.

Contingent assets:

Contingent assets are disclosed where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.

(Q) Commitments:

Commitments are future liabilities for contractual expenditure, classified and disclosed as follows:

(i) estimated amount of contracts remaining to be executed on capital account and not provided for;

(ii) other non-cancellable commitments, if any, to the extent they are considered material and relevant in the opinion of management.

Other commitments related to sales/ procurements made in the normal course of business are not disclosed to avoid excessive details.

(R) Leased Assets:

The Company's lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land and buildings. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:

(i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset;

(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease; and

(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset ("ROU") and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives.

They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option. Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

(S) Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs also include exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

(T) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when a performance obligation is satisfied by transfer of promised goods or services to a customer.

For performance obligation satisfied over time, the revenue recognition is done by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of performance obligation. The progress is measured in terms of a proportion of actual cost incurred to-date, to the total estimated cost attributable to the performance obligation.

The Company transfers control of a good or service over time and therefore satisfies a performance obligation and recognises revenue over a period of time if one of the following criteria is met:

(a) the customer simultaneously consumes the benefit of the Company's performance or

(b) the customer controls the asset as it is being created/ enhanced by the Company's performance or

(c) there is no alternative use of the asset and the Company has either explicit or implicit right of payment considering legal precedents,

In all other cases, performance obligation is considered as satisfied at a point in time.

Invoices are issued according to contractual terms and are usually payable as per the credit period agreed with the customer. Amounts disclosed in the revenue excludes GST.

Other income:

Interest income from Fixed Deposits is recognised using the effective interest rate method.

Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive payment is established.

(U) Earnings Per Share:

Earnings per share are calculated by divided the profit attributable to the shareholders by the number of equity shares outstanding at the close of the year. The number of shares used in computing basic EPS is the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. The weighted diluted earnings per equity share are computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding during the period.

(V) Cash and Cash Equivalents:

Cash and Cash equivalents include cash and cheque in hand, bank balances, demand deposits with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash & which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value where original maturity is three months or less.

(W) Cash Flow Statement:

The Cash flow statement is prepared segregating the cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities. Cash flow from operating activities is reported using indirect method. Under the indirect method, the net profit is adjusted for the effects of:

(i) transactions of a non-cash nature.

(ii) any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and

(iii) items of income or expense associated with investing or financing cash flows.

(X) Cash Dividend:

The Company recognizes a liability to pay dividend when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company i.e. when the dividend distribution is being approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognized directly in equity.

(Y) Segment Reporting:

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM).

The Company has identified its Chairman & Managing Director as CODM which assesses the operational performance and position of the Company and makes strategic decisions.

(Z) Application of new and amended standards:

(A) Amendments to existing Standards (w.e.f. 1st April, 2023)

The Company has adopted, with effect from 01 April 2023, the following new and revised standards and interpretations. Their adoption has not had any significant impact on the amounts reported in the financial statements.

1. Ind AS 1- Presentation of Financials Statements - modification relating to disclosure of 'material accounting policy information' in place of 'significant accounting policies.

2. I nd AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Change in Accounting Estimates and Errors - modification of definition of 'accounting estimate' and application of changes in accounting estimates.

3. Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes - The amendment clarifies application of initial recognition exemption to transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations.

4. Ind AS 116 & Ind AS 117 - The Ministry of Corporate Affairs vide notification dated September 9, 2024 and September 28, 2024 notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules, 2024 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Third Amendment Rules, 2024, respectively, which amended/ notified certain accounting standards (see below), and are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after April 1, 2024: - Insurance contracts - Ind AS 117 and - Lease Liability in Sale and Leaseback — Amendments to Ind AS 116 These amendments did not have any material impact on the amounts recognized in prior periods and are not expected to significantly affect the current or future periods.

(B) Standards notified but not yet effective

No new standards have been notified during the year ended 31 March 2025.