1. Corporate information
Cals Refineries Limited (the Company) is a public company domiciled in India and incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 read with the General Circular 15/2013 dated 13th September 2013 of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs in respect of section 133 of Companies Act, 2013. Its shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange in India.
2. Significant accounting policies
a) Basis for preparation of financial statements
These financial statements have been prepared under historical cost convention from books of accounts maintained on an accrual basis (unless otherwise stated hereinafter) in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in India and comply with the Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and referred to Sec 129 & 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, of India. The accounting policies applied by the company are consistent with those used in previous year.
On 16th February, 2016, the Ministry of Corporate affairs notified Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2016 along with new "Indian Accounting Standards". However, the said accounting standards shall be applicable on the Company from the period starting 01st April, 2017 onwards and hence no impact of the same has been given in these financial statements.
b) Use of estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management's best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from those estimates and revisions, if any, are recognized in the current and future periods.
c) Tangible Fixed assets and depreciation/amortization
(i) Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation/amortization. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.
(ii) Fixed assets under construction and cost of assets not ready for use as at the year-end are disclosed as capital work-in-progress.
(iii) In respect of fixed assets acquired during the year, depreciation/ amortization is charged on a straight line basis so as to write off the cost of the assets over the useful lives and for the assets acquired prior to 1 April, 2014, the carrying amount as on 1 April, 2014 is depreciated over the remaining useful life based on an evaluation:
(iv) Assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 individually have been fully depreciated in the year of purchase. Obsolete assets have been discarded during the year.
(v) The estimated useful life of the intangible assets and the amortization period are reviewed at the end of each financial year and the amortization period is revised to reflect the changed pattern, if any.
d) Intangible Fixed assets and depreciation/amortization
Software costs relating to acquisition of initial software license fee and installation costs are capitalized in the year of purchase. Depreciation has been provided based on life assigned to each asset in accordance with Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.
e) Leases
Leases of assets under which significant risks and rewards of ownership are effectively retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Lease payments under an operating lease are recognized as expense in the "Statement of Profit and Loss" on a straight line basis over the lease term.
f) Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to the statement of profit and loss account as incurred.
g) Impairment of assets
The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount and the reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognized in the "Statement of Profit and Loss". If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciated historical cost.
h) Revenue recognition
Sale of goods
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognized when significant risk and rewards in respect of ownership of the goods are transferred to the customer. Revenue is stated net of trade discounts, rebates, sales return and sale tax or value added tax, where ever applicable.
i) Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currency and non-monetary assets are accounted for at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. All monetary items denominated in foreign currency are converted at the year-end exchange rate. The exchange differences arising on such conversion and on settlement of the transactions are recognized income or as expense for the year.
j) Employee benefits
Expenses and liabilities in respect of employee benefits are recorded in accordance with Revised Accounting Standard 15 -Employee Benefits (Revised 2005)
i) Gratuity
Gratuity is a post employment benefit and is in the nature of a defined benefit plan. The liability recognized in the balance sheet in respect of gratuity is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date, together with adjustments for unrecognized actuarial gains or losses and past service costs. The defined benefit obligation is calculated at or near the balance sheet date by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method.
Actuarial gains and losses arising from past experience and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to the "Statement of Profit and Loss" in the year in which such gains or losses are determined.
ii) Provident Fund
The Company makes contribution to statutory provident fund in accordance with Employees Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provision Act, 1952 which is a defined contribution plan and contribution payable is recognized as an expense in the year in which services are rendered by the employee.
iii) Compensated absences
Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.
The company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.
iv) Other short term benefits
Expense in respect of other short-term benefits is recognized on the basis of the amount payable for the year during which services are rendered by the employee.
k) Taxation
Provision for tax comprises current income-tax and deferred tax. Current income-tax is determined in respect of taxable income with deferred tax being determined as the tax effect of timing differences representing the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period, and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent period(s). Such deferred tax is quantified using rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as at the end of the financial year.
l) Contingent liabilities and provisions
Depending upon the facts of each case and after due evaluation of legal aspects, claims against the Company not acknowledged as debts are treated as contingent liabilities. In respect of statutory dues disputed and contested by the Company, contingent liabilities are provided for and disclosed as per original demand without taking into account any interest or penalty that may accrue thereafter. The Company makes a provision when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event where the outflow of economic resources is probable and a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation can be made. Possible future or present obligations that may but will probably not require outflow of resources or where the same cannot be reliably estimated, have been disclosed as a contingent liability in the financial statements.
m) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of dilutive potential equity shares.
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