1. Corporate information'

Cerebra Integrated Technologies Limited is a public limited Company, incorporated in India having its Registered Office at S-5, Off 3rd Cross, Cerebra Integrated Technologies Limited is a public limited Company, incorporated in India having its Registered Office at S-5, Off 3rd Cross, refurbishment, electronic manufacturing services and IT infrastructure management. The financial statements for the year ended 31st March, 2024

2. Application of new and revised Indian Accounting Standards

All the Indian Accounting Standards issued under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 and notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) till the financial statements are approved have been considered in preparing these Financial Statements.

In accordance with the amendments to the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) effective April 1,2023, the Company is now disclosing only material accounting policy information in its financial statements, instead of significant accounting policies as required previously. This change aligns the Company's disclosure practices with the updated Ind AS framework and does not affect the financial statements themselves.

As on the reporting date, there were no new Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) which would have been applicable from April 1,2024.

3. Material Accounting Policy Information:

3.1. Statement of compliance

These Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as “Ind AS”) as prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as amended from time to time and the presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the financial statements.

3.2. Basis of preparation:

The Financial Statements have been prepared on the historical cost convention using accrual system of accounting except for certain assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value / amortized cost / net present value at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies for financial instruments.

All Assets and Liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle (same has been assumed to have duration of 12 months) and other criteria set out in Ind AS - 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” and the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

The Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees (') which is also company's functional currency. All values are rounded off to the nearest two decimal million except otherwise stated.

3.3. Revenue Recognition

3.3.1 Income from operations

Revenue from sales of goods and services are recognized upon the satisfaction of a performance obligation, which occurs when control transfers to the customer. Control of the goods is determined to be transferred to the customer when the title of goods passes to the customer, Revenue from rendering services is net of Indirect taxes, returns and discounts and recognized when there is pervasive evidence of an arrangement exists, rates are fixed or are determinable and collect ability is reasonably certain

3.3.2 Interest Income- Interest income is accrued on a time proportion basis using the effective interest rate method.

3.3.3 Dividend-Dividend income is recognized when the Company's right to receive the amount is established.

3.4. Leases (Updated)

To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:

(i) The contract involves use of an identified assets.

(ii) The company has substantially all the economic benefits from the use of the asset through the period of the lease, and

(iii) The company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

Company as a Lessee:

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a Right-of-Use Asset (ROU Asset) and a corresponding Lease Liability for all lease contracts / arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for lease with a term of twelve months or less (i.e. short term leases) and lease of low value assets. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments on straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Certain lease arrangements include the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. Right-of-Use Assets and Lease Liabilities include these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

The Lease Liability is initially measured at present value of the future lease payments over the reasonably certain lease term. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if it is not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rate. For leases with similar characteristics, the Company, on a lease by lease basis applies either the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease or the incremental borrowing rate for the portfolio as a whole.

The Right-of-Use Assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the inception date of the lease along with any initial direct costs, restoration obligations and lease incentives received.

Subsequently, the Right-of-Use Assets are measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The Right-of-Use Assets are depreciated using the straight-line method, except in case of leasehold lands where the ownership will be transferred to the Company, from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of Right-of-Use Assets. However, in case of ownership of such right-of-use asset transfers to the lessee at the end of the lease term, such assets are depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset. The Company applies Ind AS 36 to determine whether a Right-of-Use Asset are impaired and accounts for any identified impairment loss as described in the accounting policy below on "Impairment of Non-Financial Assets".

The interest cost on Lease Liability (computed using effective interest method) is expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless eligible for capitalization as per accounting policy below on "Borrowing or Finance costs".

The Company accounts for each lease component within the contract as a lease separately from non-lease components of the contract in accordance with Ind AS 116 and allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of the relative stand-alone price of the lease component and the aggregate stand-alone price of the non-lease components.

Right-of-Use Assets are derecognized upon completion or cancellation of the lease contract.

Lease Liability and Right-of-Use Assets have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing activity in the Statement of Cash Flows.

Lease modification impact is on prospective basis.

3.5. Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions in currencies other than the Company's Functional Currency (foreign currencies) are recognized at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated using closing exchange rate prevailing on the last day of the reporting period.

As at the reporting date, non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost and denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. All non-monetary items which are carried at fair value denominated in a foreign currency are retranslated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined.

Exchange difference arising in respect of foreign currency monetary items is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss either as 'Exchange Rate Fluctuation loss/ (gains) (Net)' or as 'Finance Costs'.

3.6. Borrowing or Finance Costs

Borrowing costs specifically identified to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. Capitalization of borrowing costs is suspended when active development of the qualifying asset is interrupted other than on temporary basis and charged to the statement of Profit and Loss during such extended periods. All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

3.7. Employee Benefits

Employee benefits include salaries, wages, Contributory provident fund, gratuity, leave encashment towards un-availed leave, compensated absences, post-retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits.

(i) Provident Fund: The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits under the provident fund, a defined contribution plan, in which both employees and the Company make monthly contributions at a specified percentage of the covered employees' salary (currently 12% of employees' salary), which is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss during the year. The contributions as specified under the law are paid to the respective Regional Provident Fund Commissioner.

(ii) Gratuity Fund: The Employee Payment of Gratuity Act, provides for lump sum payment to vested employees on retirement, death or termination of employment of an amount based on the respective employee's last drawn salary and tenure of employment. The Company accounts for the net present value of its obligations for gratuity benefits, based on an independent actuarial valuation, determined on the basis of the projected unit credit method, carried out as in the Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in the Other Comprehensive Income and reflected in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(iii) Compensated Absences: Liability for compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised based on actuarial valuation.

3.7.1. Short Term Employee Benefits

The costs of all short-term employee benefits (that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service) are recognised during the period in which the employee renders the related services.

All short term employee benefits are recognized at their undiscounted amount in the accounting period in which they are incurred.

3.7.2. Post-Employment benefits Defined Contribution Plans:

Employee Benefit under defined contribution plans comprising Contributory provident fund, superannuation benefit, Employee pension scheme-1995, etc. is recognized based on the undiscounted amount of obligations of the Company to contribute to the plan. The superannuation benefit is paid to a fund administered through a separate trust.

Defined Benefit Plans:

Defined employee benefit plans comprising of gratuity, post-retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits, are recognized based on the present value of defined benefit obligation which is computed using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at theend of each annual reporting period. These are accounted either as current employee cost or included in cost of assets as permitted.

Net interest on the net defined liability is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except those included in cost of assets as permitted.

Remeasurement of defined retirement benefit plans except for leave encashment towards un-availed leave and compensated absences, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest as defined above), are recognized in other comprehensive income except those included in cost of assets as permitted in the period in which they occur and are not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss.

The Company contributes all ascertained liabilities with respect to gratuity to the MRPL Gratuity Fund Trust (MGFT). Liability towards post-retirement medical benefits and other terminal benefits etc. are unfunded.

The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Financial Statements represents the actual deficit or surplus in the Company's defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of reductions in future contributions to the plans.

3.7.3. Other Long-term Employee Benefits :

Other long term employee benefit comprises of leave encashment towards un-availed leave. These are recognized based on the present value of defined obligation which is computed using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. These are accounted either as current employee cost or included in cost of assets as permitted.

Re-measurements of leave encashment towards un-availed leave are recognized in the Statement of profit and loss except those included in cost of assets as permitted in the period in which they occur.

3.7.4. Termination Benefits :

Expenditure on account of schemes like premature retirement on medical grounds, post-retirement benefit and benefit on separation and Benefits of separation under SABF etc. are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

3.8. Income Taxes

Income Tax Expense represents the sum of the Current Tax and Deferred Tax.

(i) Current Tax

The tax currently payable is based on Taxable Profit for the year together with any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Taxable profit differs from 'Profit Before Tax' as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company's Current Tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Current Income Tax Assets and Liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities.

(ii) Deferred Tax

Deferred Tax is provided using the Balance Sheet method and is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of Assets and Liabilities in the Financial Statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred Tax Liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred Tax Assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses can be utilized.

Deferred Taxes are recognised in respect of temporary differences which originate during the tax holiday period but reverse after the tax holiday period. For this purpose, reversal of temporary difference is determined using first in first out method.

The carrying amount of Deferred Tax Assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred Tax Liabilities and Assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of Deferred Tax Liabilities and Assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its Assets and Liabilities.

Deferred Tax Assets include Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as Deferred Tax Asset in the Balance Sheet when the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with asset will be realised.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Current and Deferred Tax for the year

Current and Deferred Tax are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity, in which case, the Current and Deferred Tax are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity respectively.

3.9. Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) and Right of Use Assets (ROU)

3.9.1. Recognition

Property, Plant and Equipment are stated in the Balance Sheet at cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses if any. All property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at cost. On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognized as of April 1,2016 (transition date) measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

Capital work in progress represents projects under which the property, plant & equipment are not yet ready for their intended use and are carried at cost determined as aforesaid.

3.9.2. Cost of Property, Plant and Equipment

Cost initially recognised includes the acquisition cost or the cost of construction, including duties and non-refundable taxes, expenses directly related to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for making them operational for their intended use and, in the case of qualifying assets, the attributable borrowing costs.

Subsequent expenditure relating to property, plant and equipment is capitalised only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

An asset's carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset's carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

3.9.3. Useful Life

The useful life of PPE (other than employee's asset purchase scheme) and their components are either based on useful life as stated in Schedule 11 to the Companies Act, 2013 or based on technical assessment by the Company.

The useful life of assets purchased under employee's asset purchase scheme are based on Company's policy for the applicable scheme.

In respect of immovable assets constructed on leasehold land, useful life as per Schedule II or lease period of land (including renewable/likely renewable period) whichever is earlier is considered.

Estimated useful life of the Assets are as follows:

3.9.4. Residual Value

The Company has assessed the estimated residual value of its Property, Plant and Equipment and has adopted the same as prescribed in Schedule II i.e. up to 5% except for the assets purchased under employee's asset purchase scheme are based on Company's policy (10% to 20%).

3.9.5. Depreciation

Depreciation is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss so as to expense the cost of assets (other than freehold land land held on lease cum sale and properties under construction) less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight line method, as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

The asset's useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the Balance Sheet date and the effect of any changes in estimates are accounted for on a prospective basis.

An item of property, plant & equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant & equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds & the carrying amount of the asset & is recognized in the Statement of Profit & Loss.

3.9.6 De-recognition

An item of Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. The gain or loss arising on de-recognition of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds (if any) and the carrying amount of the item.

In the event of replace of spare, the written down value of the old spare is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when replaced.

3.10. Intangible Assets

3.10.1. Intangible Assets other than Goodwill

Intangible assets are initially measured at acquisition cost including any directly attributable costs of preparing the asset for its intended use.

Intangible Assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less Accumulated amortization and Accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The estimated useful life and amortization method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquired separately are not subject to amortization and are carried at cost less Accumulated impairment losses if any.

An intangible assets is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from continued use of the asset. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, & are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

3.10.2. Useful lives of Intangible Assets

Estimated useful life of the Intangible Assets are as follows:

3.11. Impairment of Non-financial Assets

The Company reviews the carrying amounts of its assets at the end of each reporting period to determine whether there is any significant indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or Cash Generating Unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or Cash Generating Unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

An assessment is made at the end of each reporting period as to see if there are any indications that impairment losses recognized earlier may no longer exist or may have come down. The impairment loss is reversed, if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the Asset's recoverable amount since the previous impairment loss was recognized. If it is so, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the lower of its recoverable amount and the carrying amount that have been determined, net of depreciation / amortization, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. After a reversal, the depreciation / amortization charge is adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset's revised carrying amount, less any residual value, on a systematic basis over its remaining useful life. Reversals of Impairment loss are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.12. Statement of Cash Flows

Statement of Cash Flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby Profit After Tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with Investing or Financing activities. The Cash Flows are segregated into Operating, Investing and Financing activities.

3.13. Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of inventories comprises of purchase cost and other costs incurred in bringing inventories to their present location and condition. Cost in e - waste division is allocated to service income and sale of products generated from processing in proportion to estimated revenue. Cost includes the fair value of consideration paid including duties and taxes (other than those refundable), inward freight, and other expenditure directly attributable to the purchase.

3.14. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, Contingent Assets and Commitments

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

Contingent assets are disclosed in the Financial Statements by way of Notes to Accounts when an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

Contingent liabilities are possible obligations whose existence will only be confirmed by future events not wholly within the control of the Company, or present obligations where it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required or the amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability. Contingent liabilities are disclosed on the basis of judgment of the management / independent experts in the Financial Statements by way of Notes to Accounts, unless possibility of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefit is remote.

Contingent assets and contingent liabilities are reviewed at each balance sheet date to reflect the current management estimate.

3.15. Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. A financial liability is any liability that is a contractual obligation to deliver cash or another financial asset to another entity or a contract that will or may be settled in the entity's own equity instruments and is a non-derivative for which the entity is or may be obliged to deliver a variable number of the entity's own equity instruments.

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (other than Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the Financial Assets or Financial Liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of Financial Assets or Financial Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.16. Financial Assets Subsequent Measurement

Financial assets are recognised when, and only when, the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument. The Company determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition. When financial assets are recognised initially, they are measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets, which are not at fair value through profit or loss, are adjusted to the fair value on initial recognition.

(i) Financial Assets at Amortised Cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost if these financial assets are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest. Interest income from these financial assets is included as a part of the Company's income in the Statement of Profit and Loss using the effective interest rate method.

(ii) Financial Assets at Fair value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)

Financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income if these financial assets are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the asset's cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest. Movements in the carrying value are taken through Other Comprehensive income, except for the' recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains or losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reclassified from Other Comprehensive Income to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest income on such financial assets is included as a part of the Company's income in the Statement of Profit and toss using the effective interest rate method.

(iii) Financial Assets at Fair value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on such debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVTPL and is not part of a hedging relationship as well as interest income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(iv) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition, highly liquid investment that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

(v) Debt Instruments

The Company classifies its debt instruments

(a) as subsequently measured at amortised cost or

(b) fair value through Other Comprehensive Income or

(c) fair value through profit or loss based on its business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

(vi) Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company assesses at each Balance Sheet date whether a Financial Asset or a group of Financial Assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognises lifetime expected losses for trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to 12 month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to lifetime expected losses, if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition.

(vii) Derecognition of Financial Assets

A financial asset is derecognised only when the Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset. Where the Company has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Where the Company has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.

3.17. Financial Liabilities and Equity Instruments 3.17.1 Financial Liabilities Subsequent measurement (i) Financial liabilities at amortised cost:

After initial recognition, financial liabilities that are not carried at fair value through profit or loss are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised, and through the amortisation process.

Derecognition of Financial Liabilities

A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3 Critical Accounting Judgments, Assumptions and Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty

Inherent in the application of many of the Accounting Policies used in preparing the Financial Statements is the need for management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual outcomes could differ from the estimates and assumptions used.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected. In particular, information about significant areas of estimation, uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements pertain to:

I. Useful lives of property, plant, equipment and intangible assets: The Company has estimated useful life of each class of assets based on the nature of assets, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating condition of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, etc. The Company reviews the useful life of property, plant & equipment and Intangible assets as at the end of each reporting period. This reassessment may result in change of depreciation expense in future periods.

ii. Impairment testing: Property, plant, equipment & Intangible assets that are subject to amortisation/depreciation are tested for impairment when events occur or changes in circumstances indicate that the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is less than its carrying value. The recoverable amount of cash generating units is higher of value-in-use and fair value less cost to sell. The calculation involves use of significant estimates and assumptions which includes turnover and earnings multiples, growth rates and net margins used to calculate projected future cash flows, risk-adjusted discount rate, future economic and market conditions.

iii. Impairment of investments: The Company reviews its carrying value of investments carried at cost or amortised cost annually, or more frequently when there is indication for impairment. If the recoverable amount is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is accounted for.

iv. Income Tax: Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is regarded as probable that deductible temporary differences can be realized. The Company estimates deferred tax assets and liabilities based on current tax laws and rates and in certain cases, business plans, including management's expectations regarding the manner and timing of recovery of the related assets. Changes in these estimates may affect the amount of deferred tax liabilities or the valuation of deferred tax assets and thereby the tax charge in the Statement of Profit or Loss. Provision for tax liabilities require judgements on the interpretation of tax legislation, developments in case law and the potential outcomes of tax audits and appeals which may be subject to significant uncertainty. Therefore the actual results may vary from expectations resulting in adjustments to provisions, the valuation of deferred tax assets, cash tax settlements and therefore the tax charge in the Statement of Profit or Loss.

v. Litigation: From time to time, the Company is subject to legal proceedings the ultimate outcome of each being always subject to many uncertainties inherent in litigation. A provision for litigation is made when it is considered probable that a payment will be made and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgement is made when evaluating, among other factors, the probability of unfavourable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of potential loss. Litigation provisions are reviewed at each accounting period and revisions made for the changes in facts and circumstances.

vi. Fair value measurement of financial instruments: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined by using valuation techniques. This involves significant judgements in selection of a method in making assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at the Balance Sheet date and in identifying the most appropriate estimate of fair value when a wide range of fair value measurements are possible.

a) Leases

Identifying whether a Contract includes a Lease

The Company enters into hiring/service arrangements for various assets/services. The Company evaluates whether a contract contains a lease or not, in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 116. This requires significant judgments including but not limited to, whether asset is implicitly identified and substantive substitution rights available with the supplier, decision making rights with respect to how the underlying asset will be used, economic substance of the arrangement, etc.

Low Value Leases

Ind AS 116 requires assessment of whether an underlying asset is of low value, if lessee opts for the option of not to apply the recognition and measurement requirements of Ind AS 116 to leases where the underlying asset is of low value. For the purpose of determining low value, the Company has considered nature of assets and concept of materiality as defined in Ind AS 1 and the conceptual framework of Ind AS which involve significantjudgment.

A Lease in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Company and the agreement is for a period of less than twelve months is classified as operating lease. Payments made under operating lease are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.