NOTE: 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these standalone financial statements. These Policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

(i) General Information:

Chandrima Mercantiles Limited is a Public Company domiciled in India having CIN: L51909GJ1982PLC086535. The registered office of the company is located at B-712 Seven Floor Tiitanium City Center, Near Sachin Tower, 100 Feet Anandnagar Road, Ahmedabad Ahmedabad GJ 380015. The Company is engaged in the business of Trading of Agriculture Products during the year.

(ii) Statement of Compliances

These standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (‘the Act’) (to the extent notified). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter. The Company has consistently applied accounting policies to all years. Comparative Financial information has been re-grouped, wherever necessary, to correspond to the figures of the current year.

(iii) Basis Of Preparation

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical cost convention except for the certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values as required by relevant Ind AS:

a) certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments)

b) defined employee benefit plans - plan assets are measured at fair value Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

(iv) Basis of Measurement

These financial statements prepared and presented under the historical cost convention with the exception of certain assets and liabilities that are required to be carried at fair value by Ind AS. The fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer liability in an orderly transaction between the market participant at the measurement date.

(v) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.

Sale of goods: Revenue from the sale of products is recognized at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer. Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, which is the consideration,

net of customer incentives, discounts, variable considerations, payments made to customers, other similar charges, as specified in the contract with the customer. Additionally, revenue excludes taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Dividends: Revenue is recognised when the Company’s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

Interest Income: Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset's net carrying amount on initial recognition.

(vi) Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a noncash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(vii) Functional and presentation currency:

Items included in the standalone financial statements of the Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (i.e. the “functional currency”). The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee, the national currency of India, which is the functional currency of the Company.

(viii) Taxation:

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

a) Current tax: Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.

b) Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax. Accordingly, MAT is recognized as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is highly probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.

c) Deferred tax: Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the standalone financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences.

Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be utilized.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

(ix) Employee Benefits: Short Term Employee Benefits Employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits and recognized in the period in which the employee renders the related service. These are re-cognized at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.

(x) Inventories: During the year and as on Balance sheet date, company has no inventory.

(xi) Provisions and contingencies:

Provisions: A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of time value of money is material).

Contingent liabilities: Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in notes to accounts.

(xii) Cash and cash equivalents: Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition) and highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, in banks and demand deposits with banks, net of outstanding bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand, book overdraft and are considered part of the Company’s cash management system.

(xiii) Related Party Disclosure:

List of related parties where control exists and also related parties with whom transactions have taken place and relationships, has been disclosed in Annexure - 1 to the Notes to Accounts.

(xiv) Auditor’s Remuneration: (Rs. In Lacs)

(xv) In the opinion of the board of Directors, Current Assets, Loans and Advances a value of realization equivalent to the amount at which they are stated in the Balance Sheet. Adequate provisions have been made in the accounts for all the known liabilities

(xvi) Investment & Financial Assets

(a) Classification

The Group classifies its financial assets in the measurement categories:

* Those to be measured subsequently at fair value, and

* Those measured at amortised cost.

The Classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will be recorded in profit or loss. For investment in equity instruments, this will depend on whether group has made an irrecoverable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income.

(b) Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized (i.e. removed from the Company’s balance sheet) when:

A. The contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset have expired, or B. The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either

i) The Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or

ii) The Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Company’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

(c) Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses impairment based on expected credit loss (ECL) model to the following:

A. Financial assets measured at amortized cost B. Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income

Expected credit losses are measured through a loss allowance at an amount equal to:

A. The 12-months expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from those default events on the financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date); or

B. Full time expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the life of the financial instrument)

The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. It recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. The Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance for trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivable and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analyzed.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-months ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the Company reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-months ECL.

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/ expense in the statement of profit and loss. The balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments is described below:

A. Financial assets measured as at amortised cost and contractual revenue receivables - ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

B. Financial assets measured at FVOCI - Since financial assets are already reflected at fair value, impairment allowance is not further reduced from its value. Rather, ECL amount is presented as accumulated impairment amount in the OCI.

For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company combines financial instruments on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics with the objective of facilitating an analysis that is designed to enable significant increases in credit risk to be identified on a timely basis.

Financial Liabilitiesa) Initial recognition and measurement

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Subsequently, all financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost or at fair value through profit or loss. The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loan and borrowings including bank overdrafts.

b) Subsequent measurement

A. Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost

B. Financial liabilities subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ losses are not subsequently transferred to profit or loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit or loss.

c) Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the statement of profit or loss.

(xvii) Fair Value

The Company measures certain financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

A. In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

B. In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their best economic interest.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as under, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

A. Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

B. Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

C. Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

This note summarizes the accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.

(xix) As certified by the company that it was received written representation from all the directors, that companies in which they are directors had not defaulted in terms of section 164(2) of the companies Act, 2013, and the representation from directors taken in Board that Director is disqualified from being appointed as Director of the company.

(xx) Earnings per share (EPS):

Basic earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic EPS and also weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented. The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted for bonus shares, as appropriate.

(xxi) Contributed Equity

Equity shares are classified as equity.

(a) Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing:

-the profit attributable to the owners group

-by the weighted average number of equities shares outstanding during the year.

(b) Rounding off amounts

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest lacs as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

xxi) Other Note:

As per the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) notification, proviso to Rule 3(1) of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, for the financial year commencing April 1, 2023, every company which uses accounting software for maintaining its books of account, shall use only such accounting software which has a feature of recording audit trail of each and every transaction, creating an edit log of each change made in the books of account along with the date when such changes were made and ensuring that the audit trail cannot be disabled. The interpretation and guidance on what level edit log and audit trail needs to be maintained evolved during the year and continues to evolve.

In the company, the accounting software has a feature of audit trail, but it was disable at an application level for maintenance of books of accounts and relevant transactions. However, the global standard ERP used by the Company has not been enabled with the feature of audit trail log at the database layer to log direct transactional changes, due to present design of ERP. This is being taken up with the vendor. In the meanwhile, the Company continues to ensure that direct write access to the database is granted only via an approved change management process.