1. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
1.1. Basis of preparation of financial statements
(i) Compliance with Ind AS
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the 'Ind AS') as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("Act) read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended and other relevant provisions of the Act.
These financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting except for certain financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as stated in the accounting policies set out below. The accounting policies have been applied consistently over all the periods presented in these financial statements.
(ii) Use of estimated and judgments
The estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the financial statements are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances. Differences between actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known/materialized.
The said estimates are based on the facts and events, that existed as at the reporting date, or that occurred after that date but provide additional evidence about conditions existing as at the reporting date.
(iii) Current / Non- Current Classification
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or noncurrent as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.
(iv) Rounding of amounts
All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest lakhs as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.
1.2. Property, Plant and Equipment:
The Company identifies and determines cost of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment separately, if the part has a cost which is significant to the total cost of that item of property, plant and equipment and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining item.
The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises of its purchase price including import duties and other nonrefundable purchase taxes or levies, directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use and the initial estimate of decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities, if any. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. Cost includes cost of replacing a part of a plant and equipment if the recognition criteria are met. Expenses directly attributable to new manufacturing facility during its construction period are capitalized if the recognition criteria are met. Expenditure related to plans, designs and drawings of buildings or plant and machinery is capitalized under relevant heads of property, plant and equipment if the recognition criteria are met.
Depreciation:
Depreciation on each part of an item of property, plant and equipment is provided using the Straight Line Method based on the useful life of the asset as estimated by the management and is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as per the requirement of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. The estimate of the useful life of the assets is determined as prescribed in Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013.
The residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the asset. The assets residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.
Derecognition:
The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. The gain or loss arising from the Derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the item is derecognized.
1.3. Impairment
Assets that have an indefinite useful life, for example goodwill, are not subject to amortization and are tested for impairment annually and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.
Assets that are subject to depreciation are reviewed for impairment, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amount may not be recoverable. Such circumstances include, though are not limited to, significant or sustained decline in revenues or earnings and material adverse changes in the economic environment.
An impairment loss is recognized whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash generating unit (CGU) exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount of an asset is the greater of its fair value less cost to sell and value in use. To calculate value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market rates and the risk specific to the asset. For an asset that does not generate largely independent cash in flows, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. Fair value less cost to sell is the best estimate of the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset in an arm's length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the cost of disposal.
Impairment losses, if any, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss and included in depreciation and amortization expense. Impairment losses are reversed in the Statement of Profit and Loss only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined if no impairment loss had previously been recognized.
1.4. Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
A financial asset is recognised in the balance sheet when the Company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus or minus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through statement of profit and loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset.
Subsequent measurement
For purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified into:
a. Financial assets measured at amortised cost;
b. Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI);
c. Financial assets measured at fair value through statement of profit and loss (FVTPL)
The Company classifies its financial assets in the above mentioned categories based on:
a. The Company's business model for managing the financial assets;
b. The contractual cash flows characteristics of the financial asset.
A) Financial assets measured at amortised cost
This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.
A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:
a. The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows;
b. The contractual terms of the financial assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
B) Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
A financial asset is measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:
a. The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting the contractual cash flows and selling financial assets;
b. The asset's contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
C) Financial assets measured at fair value through the statement of profit and loss (FVTPL)
FVTPL is a residual category. Any financial asset, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL. In addition, the Company may elect to designate a financial asset, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. Such financial assets are measured at fair value with all changes in fair value, including interest income and dividend income if any, recognised as 'other income' in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Equity Instruments
All the equity instruments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL.
If the company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all the fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Equity instruments included within FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all the changes recognized in statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is derecognized (i.e. removed from the Company's balance sheet) when:
a. The contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset have expired, or
b. The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass-through' arrangement; and either:
c. The Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or
d. The Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
Impairment of financial assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company assesses impairment based on expected credit loss (ECL) model to the following:
a. Financial assets measured at amortised cost;
b. Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income Expected credit losses are measured through a loss allowance at an amount equal to:
a. The 12-months expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from those default events on the financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date); or
b. Full time expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the life of the financial instrument).
The Company follows simplified approach for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables, under the simplified approach; the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on the portfolio of trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates
over the expected life of the trade receivable which is adjusted for management's estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analyzed.
Financial Liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through statement of profit and loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables and short term borrowings.
Subsequent measurement
a. Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost;
b. Financial liabilities subsequently measured at fair value through statement of profit and loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through prout or loss include unancial liabilities held for trading and unancial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through prout or loss. Financial liabilities are classiued as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through statement of profit and loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied.
Trade and other payables
These amounts represent liability for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Fair Value
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
(i) In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
(ii) In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their best economic interest.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which suucient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the unancial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is signiucant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
• Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
• Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is signiucant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
• Level3 -Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is signiucant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
1.5. Inventories
Securities acquired with the intention of short-term holding and trading position is disclosed as stock-in-trade. Securities held as stock-in-trade are valued at lower of cost or market value.
1.6. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized on satisfaction of performance obligation upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services.
Professional fees are accounted on accrual basis in accordance with the terms of contracts entered into between the company and the counterparty.
Consultation fees are accounted on accrual basis depending upon progress of assignment.
Income/Loss from trading in Securities held as stock-in-trade is recognised on trade date basis. Profit/loss on sale of Securities is determined on FIFO Basis.
Profit/Loss on equity/ derivative transactions is accounted for on final settlement or squaring-up of contracts for Equity Index/Stock Futures, the profit or loss is calculated as difference between settlement/squaring-up price and contract price and as on the balance sheet date, the debit balance in the "Mark-to-Market Margin -Equity Index/Stock Futures Account', being anticipated loss, is recognised in the profit and loss account. When the Option contracts are squared-up before expiry of the options, the premium prevailing on that date is recognised in profit and loss account. On expiry of the contracts and on exercising the options, the difference between final settlement price and the strike price is transferred to the profit and loss account.
Profit/Loss earned on sale of Investments is recognised on trade date basis.
Interest and dividends:
Interest income is recognized using effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive dividend is established.
1.7. Earnings per Share Basic earnings per share
Basic EPS amounts are calculated by dividing the profit for the year attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity Shares outstanding during the year.
Diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings per are calculated by dividing the profit for the year attributable to the equity holders of the Company by weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of equity shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential Equity shares in to Equity shares.
1.8. Income Taxes
Tax expense is the aggregate amount included in the determination of profit or loss for the period in respect of current tax and deferred tax.
Current tax:
Current tax is the amount of income taxes payable in respect of taxable profit for a period. Taxable profit differs from 'profit before tax' as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible under the Income Tax Act, 1961.
Current tax is measured using tax rates that have been enacted by the end of reporting period for the amounts expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities.
Deferred tax:
Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit under Income Tax Act, 1961.
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. However, in case of temporary differences that arise from initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that affect neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized. Also, for temporary differences if any that may arise from initial recognition of goodwill, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized.
Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary difference can be utilized. In
case of temporary differences that arise from initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that affect neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit, deferred tax assets are not recognized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow the benefits of part or all of such deferred tax assets to be utilized.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
Presentation of current and deferred tax:
Current and deferred tax are recognized as income or an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income, in which case, the current and deferred tax income/ expense are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income.
The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. In case of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, the same are offset if the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off corresponding current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the Company.
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