B) Material Accounting Policies
(i) Statement of compliance with Ind AS
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standard) Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time and other relevant provisions of the Act.
(ii) Basis of Preparation and Presentation
These financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) under the historical cost convention on accrual basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values. All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current based on normal operating cycle of business activities of the Company, which is 12 months.
(iii) Use of estimates
The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions
and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.
The said estimates are based on the facts and events, that existed as at the reporting date, or that occurred after that date but provide additional evidence about conditions existing as at the reporting date.
(iv) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Freehold land is not depreciated. The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its cost of purchase and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in statement of the profit and loss.
(v) Capital work in progress
Property, plant and equipment under construction as well as Coding and Marking machines held exclusively for Rental prior to dispatch to Customer’s location are disclosed as capital work in progress.
(vi) Intangible Assets
Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.
Estimated useful lives of the Intangible assets are as follows:
Computer Software 6 Years
Technical Know How 6 Years
There are no intangible assets having indefinite useful life.
An intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.
(vii) Leases As a Lessee
At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contain a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:
• The contract involves the use of an identified asset this may be specified explicitly or implicitly and should be physically distinct or represent substantially all of the capacity of a physically distinct asset.
• The Company has the right to substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset throughout the period of use; and
• The Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. The Company has this right when it has the decision making rights that are most relevant to changing how and for what purposes the asset is used.
At the date of commencement of lease, the Company recognises a Right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with the term of twelve months or less (short term leases) and low
value leases. For short term and low value leases, the Company recognises the lease payment as an operating expense on straight line basis over the term of lease.
Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset.
The lease liability is initially measured at amortised cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate.
Upon adoption of the Ind AS 116 Leases, Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet. , A Portion of the annual operating lease costs, which was previously fully recognised as a rental / lease expense, is recorded as interest expense. In addition, the portion of the lease payments which represents the reduction of the lease liability is recognised in the cash flow statement as an outflow from financing activities, which was previously fully recognised as an outflow from operating activities.
As a lessor
At the inception of a lease, the lease arrangement is classified as either a finance lease or an operating lease, based on contractual terms and substance of the lease arrangement. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
Lease income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured in accordance with lease agreement. Adoption of the new standard had no impact upon leases for which the Company is a lessor.
(viii) Depreciation and Amortisation
Property, plant and equipment
Depreciation is calculated using the straightline method to allocate their cost, net of their
residual values, over their estimated useful lives.
The useful lives have been taken as specified by Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except for coding and marking machines where useful lives have been determined as seven years based on technical evaluation done by the management and for Plant & Machineries for masks useful lives have been determined and duly certified by Chartered Engineer as three years.
Pro-rata depreciation is charged on property, plant and equipment from/up to the date on which such assets are ready to put to use/are deleted or discarded.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are amortised over their respective individual estimated useful life on straight line basis commencing from the date such asset is acquired for use in the Company.
Computer Software and Technical Know How are classified as intangible assets and amortised on straight line basis over a period of 6 years.
Pro-rata amortisetion is charged on intangible assets from/up to the date on which such assets are acquired for use/are deleted or discarded.
(ix) Impairment of Assets
A tangible or intangible asset is treated as impaired when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated recoverable value. Carrying amounts of tangible or intangible assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine Indications of impairment, if any, of those assets. If any such Indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated and an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying amount over its recoverable value is recognised as an impairment loss and the same is charged to profit and loss account. The impairment loss, if any, recognised in prior accounting period is reversed if there is a change in estimate of recoverable amount.
(x) Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes
a party to the contractual provision of the instrument. All the financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value, except for trade receivables which are initially measured at transaction price. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.
(xi) Financial Assets Initial recognition
Financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.
• Financial assets are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs for all financial assets not carried at fair value through profit or loss.
• Financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognised at fair value, and transaction costs are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Subsequent measurement
All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured either at amortised cost or fair value [either through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) or through profit or loss (FVTPL)] depending on the classification of the financial assets as follows:
(a) Financial Asset measured at Amortised Cost: The Company’s financial assets primarily consists of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, loans to employees, security deposits and other eligible current and non-current assets which are classified as financial assets carried at amortised cost.
(b) Financial Asset measured at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income
(FVTOCI): On initial recognition, the Company has made irrevocable election in respect of purchases/acquisition on an instrument-by-instrument basis to present the subsequent changes in fair
value in other comprehensive income pertaining to investments in equity instruments. This election is not permitted if the equity investment is held for trading. These elected investments are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the ‘Reserve for equity instruments through other comprehensive income’. The cumulative gain or loss is not reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the investments as the same has been recognised in other comprehensive income.
(c) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL): Investments in equity instruments are classified as at FVTPL, unless the Company irrevocably elects on initial recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income for investments in equity instruments which are not held for trading.
(d) Financial assets at Cost: Contribution to Venture fund in form of purchase of units with lock in period of more than 12 months is classified as Non-current Investment.
Derecognition of financial assets
A financial asset is derecognised when the contractual right to receive cash flows from the asset has expired; the Company has transferred the financial asset along with all the risks and rewards or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full to a third party under a pass-through arrangement.
On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the carrying amounts measured at the date of derecognition and the consideration received is recognised in profit or loss.
Impairment of financial assets
The Company applies the expected credit loss model for recognising impairment loss on
financial assets measured at amortised cost, trade receivables and other contractual rights to receive cash or other financial asset.
Expected Credit Loss (ECL) is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due in accordance with the contract and the cash flows expected to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls).
(xii) Financial Liabilities
Financial liabilities of the Company are contractual obligation to deliver cash or another financial asset to another entity. The Company’s financial liabilities include longterm and short-term borrowings, trade and other payables and other eligible current and non-current liabilities.
Classification Measurement and Derecognition
All recognised financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost. The Company de-recognise financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled, or have expired. Gain and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised.
(xiii) Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet only if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
(xiv) Valuation of Inventories
Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for non moving material, obsolescence wherever necessary. The cost of inventories have been computed to include all cost of purchases, cost of conversion and other related costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
(xv) Translation of Foreign Currency Transactions
The Company’s financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (') which is Company’s functional and presentation currency. Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the date of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at year end date. Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. Income and Expenses of foreign branch have been translated at the average rate for the year.
(xvi) Revenue Recognition
The Company derives revenues primarily from sale of manufactured goods, traded goods, and related services.
Revenue is recognised on satisfaction of performance obligation upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services.
The Company does not expect to have any contracts where the period between the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer and payment by the customer exceeds one year. As a consequence, it does not adjust any of the transaction prices for the time value of money.
Revenue from sales of manufactured goods, traded goods and related services are recognised when significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods are transferred to the customer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, and all performance obligation related to contract is satisfied. Sales are disclosed net of returns and claims.
Other operating revenue include duty drawback & Export Incentives which are recognised when the right to receive is established.
Other Income includes Interest Income, Dividend Income, Gain on Foreign Exchange Fluctuations etc. Interest Income accrued on a time basis by reference to the principal outstanding and the effective interest rate. Dividend Income accounted in the period in which the right to receive the same is established.
(xvii) Government Grants
Grants and subsidies from the Government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the grant/ subsidy will be received, and all the prescribed conditions will be complied with.
Grant or subsidy relating to an expense item is recognised as income in the statement of profit or loss over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis to the costs which is intended to compensate.
Grant or subsidy relating to an asset are included in non-current liabilities as deferred income and are credited to statement of profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the expected lives of the related assets and presented within other income.
(xviii) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as expense in the period in which they are incurred.
(xix) Dividends
Final dividend on shares is recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the
shareholders at the annual general meeting and interim dividend are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company’s Board of Directors.
(xx) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss after tax for the period attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of Equity Shares outstanding during the year adjusted for bonus elements in equity shares issued during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss after tax for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period, are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
(xxi) Employee Benefits
Short-term Employee Benefits:
Employee benefits such as salaries, wages, short term compensated absences, expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia and performance-linked rewards falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short term employee benefits and are expensed in the period in which the employee renders the related service.
Long-term Employee Benefits:
Defined Contribution Plans:
Contributions to the employee’s provident fund, Employee’s Pension Scheme and Employee’s State Insurance are recognised as defined contribution plan and charged as expenses during the period in which the employees perform the services.
Defined Benefit Plans:
Retirement benefits in the form of Gratuity is considered as defined benefit plan and determined on actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method at the balance sheet date.
Interest Cost, Current Service Cost and Past Service Cost are recognised in profit and loss account immediately. Re-measurement gain and losses arising due to change in actuarial
assumptions and estimates are recognised directly in Other Comprehensive Income. Such re-measurements are not reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.
Other Long -term Emplouee Benefit:
Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date. Annual leaves can either be availed or encashed subject to restriction on the maximum accumulation of leaves.
Termination Benefits:
Termination benefits are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.
The employee benefit with regards to both Leave encashment and Gratuity are unfunded.
(xxii) Exceptional Items
An item of income or expense which by its size, type or incidence requires disclosure in order to improve an understanding of the performance of the Company is treated as an exceptional item and the same is disclosed in the notes to accounts.
(xxiii) Taxes on Income Current Tax:
Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of estimated taxable income and computed in accordance with the provisions of the relevant tax laws, outcome of past assessments / appeals and legal opinion sought by the Company.
The Company has recognised provision for Income Tax for the year ended 31 March 2024 as per Section 115JB of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and is on the same basis as followed for the year ended 31 March 2023.
Deferred Tax:
Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at
the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit:
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay income tax under the normal provisions during the specified period, resulting in utilisetion of MAT credit.
In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in the Guidance Note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the statement of Profit & Loss and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement.
(xxiv) Segment Reporting
The Company is engaged predominantly into manufacturing of Coding & Marking Machines and consumables thereof. The Company has only One Reportable business segment identified by management namely Coding & Marking Machines and consumable thereof.
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