3. Material accounting policies
A. Property, plant and equipment and Capital work-in-progress
Property, plant and equipment are stated at original cost net of tax/ duty credit availed, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. The cost of an asset includes the purchase cost of materials including import duties and nonrefundable taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to the location and condition of its intended use. Interest on borrowings used to finance the construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of cost of the asset until such time that the asset is ready for its intended use. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of the asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.
When significant part of the property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company derecognized the replaced part and recognized the new parts with its own associated useful life and it is depreciated accordingly. Likewise when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance cost are recognized in the statement of the profit and loss as incurred.
Internally manufactured property, plant and equipment are capitalised at factory cost.
Capital work in progress include property plant & equipment under installation/under development as at the balance sheet date and are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable borrowing cost.
Property, plant and equipment are derecognised from the standalone financial statement, either on disposal or when no economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Losses arising in the case of retirement of property, plant and equipment and gain or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment are a recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.
For transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment, except Land, recognised as of April 1, 2016 (transition date) measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date. For Land the Company has elected to use Fair Value at the transition to Ind AS and use this value as its deemed cost.
B. Investment Property
Investment properties are properties, either land or building or both, held to earn rentals and/or for capital appreciation (including property under construction for such purposes). Investment properties are measured initially at cost including transactions costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are measured in accordance with requirement for cost model.
An investment property is derecognised upon disposal or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefits are expected from the disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the property (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in profit or loss in the period in which the property is de-recognised.
C. Intangible assets
Intangible asset are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the entity and the cost of asset can be measured reliably.
Capital expenditure on purchase and development of identifiable assets without physical substance is recognized as intangible assets in accordance with principles given under Ind AS-38 - Intangible Assets.
Internally generated intangible asset, excluding capitalized development cost, are not capitalized and the related expenditure is reflected in statement of profit & loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.
The useful lives of intangible asset are assed as either finite or indefinite. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the assets are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, if not amortised, but are tested for impairment either individually or at the cash generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite useful life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. Currently there are no intangible assets with indefinite useful life.
Gain or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit & loss when the asset is derecognised.
D. Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) and Intangible assets is calculated on the basis of useful lives as prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The following methods of depreciation are used for PPE and Intangible assets:
E. Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Where the Company is the lessee
Finance leases are capitalized as assets at the commencement of the lease, at an amount equal to the fair value of leased asset or present value of the minimum lease payments, whichever is lower, valued at the inception date. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of
the liability. Finance charges are recognized as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Company's general policy on borrowing cost. A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.
Payment made under operating leases are recognized as expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line basis over the lease term, unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor's expected inflationary cost increase.
Where the Company is the lessor
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Where the escalation of lease rentals is in line with the expected general inflation so as to compensate the lessor for expected inflationary cost, the increases in the rentals is not straight lined.
F. Government grants
Government grants are recognised at fair value when there is reasonable assurance that the grant would be received and the Company would comply with all the conditions attached with them.
Government grants whose primary condition is that the Company should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire non-current assets are recognised as deferred revenue in the balance sheet and transferred to profit or loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.
Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the Company with no future related costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they become receivable.
The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant, measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates.
G. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset till such time that is required to complete and prepare the asset to get ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs also include exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
All other borrowing costs are charged to the statement of profit and loss in the period in which they are incurred.
H. Segment accounting and reporting
The chief operational decision maker monitors the operating results of its business segments separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit and loss and is measured consistently with profit and loss in the standalone financial statements.
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM).
The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the Standalone Financial Statements of the Company as a whole. In addition, the following specific accounting policies have been followed for segment reporting:
Q Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with / allocable to the segment including inter seg ment transfers.
Inter segment transfers are accounted for based on the transaction price agreed to between the segments which is at cost in case of transfer of Company's intermediate and final products and estimated realisable value in case of by-products.
Q Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities are identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on direct and/or on a reasonable basis, have been disclosed as "Unallocable"
I. Employee benefits
Expenses and liabilities in respect of employee benefits are recorded in accordance with Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS)-19 -'Employee Benefits.
a. Short-term employee benefits
Short-term employee benefits in respect of salaries and wages, including non-monetary benefits are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.
b. Defined contribution plan
Retirement benefits in the form of provident fund, pension fund, superannuation fund and ESI are a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the provident fund/trust.
c. Defined benefit plan
Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity and provident fund contribution to Dalmia Cement Provident Fund Trust are defined benefit plans. Gratuity is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. Contributions to Dalmia Cement Provident Fund Trust are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year when the contributions to the fund is due.
The Company's liabilities on account of gratuity and earned leaves on retirement of employees are determined at the end of each financial year on the basis of actuarial valuation certificates obtained from registered actuary in accordance with the measurement procedure as per Indian Accounting Standard 19 (Ind AS 19) 'Employee Benefits. Gratuity liability is funded on year-to-year basis by contribution to respective fund. The costs of providing benefits under these plans are also determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year end. Actuarial gains and losses for defined benefit plans are recognized through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absenteeism as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date. The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method at the year-end.
J. Inventories
a. Finished goods are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. In case of Dead Burnt Magnesite Dust Stocks to the extent these are considered saleable, valuation is done at raw materials cost plus packing charges or net realizable value, whichever is lower. By-products (including final molasses) are valued at net realisable value. B Heavy molasses is valued at derived values based on proportionate sugar content. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.
b. Work in progress is valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.
c. Stores, Spares and Raw Materials are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. However materials & other items of inventories held for use in the production are not written below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.
d. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
K. Assets (or disposal group) held for sale and discontinued operation
Assets (or disposal group) are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable. Assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell.
An impairment loss is recognized for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognized for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset (or disposal group), but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognized. A gain or loss not previously recognized by the date of the sale of the non-current asset (or disposal group) is recognized at the date of de-recognition.
Assets (including those that are part of a disposal group) are not depreciated or amortised while they are classified as held for sale. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale continue to be recognised.
Assets classified as held for sale and the assets of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet. The liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet.
A discontinued operation is a component of an entity that either has been disposed of, or is classified as held for sale, and:
• Represent as separate major line of business or geographical area of operations,
• Is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations.
Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as profit or loss before/ after tax from discontinued operations in the statement of profit and loss.
Additional disclosures are provided in note 31. All other notes to the standalone financial statements mainly include amounts for continuing operations, unless otherwise mentioned.
L. Financial Instruments
(a) Financial Assets
i. Classification
The Company classified financial assets as subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value though other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) or fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) on the basis of its business model for managing the financial assets and contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.
ii. Initial Recognition and Measurement
The financial assets include equity and debt securities, trade and other receivables, loans and advances, cash and bank balances and derivative financial instruments. All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
iii. Subsequent Measurement
For the purpose of subsequent measurement the financial assets are classified in three categories:
Q At amortised cost - For debt instruments only.
Q At fair value through profit & loss account Q At fair value through other comprehensive income
iv. Debt instruments at amortized cost
A Financial Asset i.e. a debt instrument is measured at the amortized cost if both the following condition are met.
Q The assets is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flow (business model test), and
Q Contractual terms of the assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principle and interest (SPPI) on the principle amount outstanding (contractual cash flow characteristics).
After initial measurement (at Fair value minus transaction cost), such financial assets are subsequently measurement at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount and premium and fee or costs that are an integral part of an EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
v. Debt instrument at Fair value through Profit or loss
Debt instruments included within the fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
vi. Debt instruments at Fair value through other comprehensive income
A financial asset should be measured at FVTOCI if both the following condition are met:
Q The assets is held within a business model in which asset are managed both in order to collect contractual cash flows and for sale (business model test), and
Q Contractual terms of the assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principle and interest (SPPI) on the principle amount outstanding (contractual cash flow characteristics).
After initial measurement (at Fair value minus transaction cost), such financial assets are measured at Fair value with changes in fair value recognized in OCI except for:
(a) Interest calculated using EIR
(b) Foreign exchange gain and losses; and
(c) Impairment losses and gains
vii. Equity investments
All equity investments other than investment in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company decides to classify the same either as at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) or FVTPL. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by- instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument at FVTOCI, then fair value change on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in other compressive income (OCI). There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to statement of profit or loss, even on sale of such investments.
Equity instrument includes within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of profit or loss.
viii. Derecognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognised when:
Q The right to receive cash flows from the assets have expired or Q The Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the assets, or
Q The Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the assets, but has transferred control of the assets.
(b) Financial liabilities & Equity
i. Classification
Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
ii. Initial recognition and measurement of Financial Liability
The Company recognizes financial liability when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial liability are recognized initially at fair value minus, for financial liability not subsequently measured at FVTPL, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issue of financial liability.
iii. Subsequent Measurement of Financial Liabilty
All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method or at FVTPL.
However, financial liabilities that arise when a transfer of a financial asset does not qualify for derecognition or when the continuing involvement approach applies, financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company, and commitments issued by the Company to provide a loan at below-market interest rate are measured in accordance with the specific accounting policies
iv. Financial Liability at amortised cost
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) Method. Gain and losses are recognised in statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognised.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and transaction cost. The EIR amortization is included as finance cost in the statement of profit and loss.
This category generally applies to loans & Borrowings.
v. Financial Liability at FVTPL
Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is either contingent consideration recognised by the Company as an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 applies or is held for trading or it is designated as at FVTPL.
Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognised in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability
vi. Equity Instruments
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a Company entity are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
Repurchase of the Company's own equity instruments is recognised and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company's own equity instruments.
vii. Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are, substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amount recognised in the Statement of Profit and loss.
viii. Offsetting of financial instrument
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
ix. Derivative financial instruments
The Company uses derivative instruments as a part of its management of exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company does not acquire or issue derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The Company does not enter into complex derivative transactions to manage the treasury.
All derivative financial instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and measured at fair value, generally based on quotation obtained from banks/financial institutions. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instruments depends on the intended use of the derivatives and the resulting designation.
The fair values of all derivatives are separately recorded in the balance sheet within current and non-current assets and liabilities. Derivatives that are designated as hedges are classified as current and non-current depending upon the maturity of the derivatives.
The use of derivative can give rise to credit and market risk. The Company tries to control credit risk as far as possible by only entering into the contract with reputable banks/ financial institution. The use of derivative instrument is subject to limits, authorities and regular monitoring by appropriate levels of management. The limits, authorities and monitoring systems are periodically reviewed by the management and board. The market risk on derivatives are mitigated by changes in the valuation of the underlying assets, liabilities or transactions, as derivatives are used only for risk management purposes.
x. Cash flow hedge
The Company designates certain foreign exchange forward as cash flow hedges to mitigate the risk of foreign exchange exposure on highly probable forecast cash transactions.
When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the cash flow hedge reserve. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized immediately in the net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, the cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognized in cash flow hedge reserve till the period the hedge was effective remains in cash flow hedge reserve until the forecasted transaction occurs. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in the cash flow hedge reserve is transferred to the net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss upon the occurrence of the related forecasted transaction. If the forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, then the amount accumulated in cash flow hedge reserve is reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss.
M. Investments in subsidiaries, Joint venture & Associate
Investments in equity shares of Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures & Associates are recorded at cost and reviewed for impairment at each balance sheet date.
N. Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.
Sale of goods
Sale is exclusive of goods and service tax (GST) and is accounted for upon dispatch of goods from the factory when the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer. Gross sales and net sales are disclosed separately in Statement of Profit & Loss.
Ind AS 115 introduces a new framework of five step model for the analysis of Revenue transactions. The model specifies that revenue should be recognized when (or as) an entity transfer control of goods or services to a customer at the amount to which the entity expects to be entitled. Further the new standard requires enhanced disclosures about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity's contracts with customers.
Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services.
The Company has evaluated the requirement of the amendment and the impact on the standalone financial statements. The effect on adoption of Ind AS 115 was insignificant.
Sale of Power
Revenue from power has been recognized on transmission of electricity to Grid. Power generated at power plant is consumed at manufacturing units and excess power is sold to Grid, which is included in sales at power tariff prevailing as per the respective Power Purchase Agreements.
Inter-unit transfer of power is accounted at the rate at which the Company would have purchased power from grid. For consolidation purposes these transfers are eliminated from respective heads.
Revenue from sale of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) and Renewable Energy Certificates (REC)
Entitlement to Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) owing to generation of power are recognized to the extent sold.
Dividends
Revenue is recognized when the shareholders' right to receive payment is established by the Balance Sheet date.
Insurance claim
Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted/ expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection.
Sale of services
The Company being a manufacturing entity does not generally provide services in the normal course of business except the travel related service.
Revenue from supply of services if any is recognized as and when the services has been provided and recoverability accrues.
O. Foreign currency translation/conversion
Standalone Financial statements have been presented in Indian Rupees (Rs.), which is the Company's functional and presentation currency.
O Initial recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the functional currency, using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
O Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.
Q Exchange differences
The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognized in OCI or profit or loss are also recognized in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).
P. Taxes
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Minimum alternate tax
During the current year ended March 31,2024, the company has made the tax provisions based on new tax regime.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purpose at reporting date. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment or the substantive enactment date. A deferred income tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax assets to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow deferred tax assets to be recovered.
The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Q. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
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