2. Significant accounting policies:
This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
2.1 Basis of Preparation and Compliance:
a. Preparation of Financial statements:
The financial statements, for the financial year 31 March 2024 were prepared based on the accounting standards under IND AS framework.
b. Statement of compliance:
The Financial Statements have been prepared and presented in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards("Ind AS") notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter and presentation requirements of division II of schedule III to the companies Act 2013, (Ind As compliant schedule III)
c. Functional and presentation currency:
Items included in the financial statements of the company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates ("functional currency"). The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is Company functional and presentation currency.
d. Basis of measurement:
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost convention and on accrual basis of accounting except for (i) certain financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, (ii) Defined benefit plans- plan assets measured at fair value as stated in the accounting policies set out below. The financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis using the accrual concept except for the cash flow information. The accounting policies
have been applied consistently over all the periods presented in these financial statements. The said accounts has been approved by the Board of Directors at their meeting held on May 19, 2023. Historical cost is generally based on fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes in to account the characteristics of the assets or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into the account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.
e. Use of estimates, judgements and assumptions:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on a periodic basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. Information about significant areas of estimation, assumptions, uncertainty, and critical judgements in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements are included in relevant notes.
f. Going Concern assumption:
The management has given the significant uncertainties arising out of the various situations, as explained in the note below, assessed the cash flow projections (based on orders on hand and business forecast) and available liquidity (credit facilities sanctioned by bankers) for a period of at least 12 months from the date of this financial statements. Based on this evaluation, management believes that the company will be able to continue as a going concern in the foreseeable future from the date of these financial statements. Accordingly, the financial statements do not include any adjustments regarding the recoverability and classification of the carrying amount of assets and classification of liabilities that might result, should the company be unable to continue as a going concern.
g. Current and Non-current classification of assets and liabilities:
All assets and liabilities have been classified and disclosed as current and non-current as per the companies' normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule -III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization into cash and cash equivalents, the company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of assets and liabilities.
h. Reclassification:
No such material reclassification done during the year.
i. Property, Plant and Equipment:
Recognition and measurement:
The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of Property, Plant and Equipment ('PPE') recognized as of transition date measured as per the Previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost of the PPE as on the transition date.
Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes purchase price (after deducting trade discount / rebate), non-refundable import duties and taxes, cost of replacing the component parts, borrowing costs and other directly attributable cost to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.
Spare parts procured along with the Plant and Equipment or subsequently which meets the recognition criteria of PPE are capitalized and added to the carrying amount of such items. The carrying amount of those spare parts that are replaced are derecognized when no future economic benefits are expected from their use or upon disposal. If the cost of the replaced part is not available, the estimated cost of similar new parts is used as an indication of what the cost of the existing part was when the item was acquired.
An item of PPE is de recognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from use. Any profit or loss arising on the derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the
asset and is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss.
Subsequent costs:
The cost of replacing a part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognized in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Company and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. The cost of the day-to-day servicing the property, plant and equipment are recognized in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.
Disposal:
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon the disposal or when no future benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognised net within other income / expenses in the statement of profit and loss.
j. Depreciation:
Depreciation on Property, Plant & Equipment is provided on written down value basis over the estimated economic useful life of the assets as prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 or as determined based on a technical evaluation by the company periodically. The depreciable amount of an asset is determined after deducting its residual value. Where the residual value of an asset increases to an amount equal to or greater than the asset's carrying amount, no depreciation charge is recognised till the asset's residual value decreases below the asset's carrying amount. Depreciation of an asset begins when it is available for use, i.e., when it is in the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the intended manner. Depreciation of an asset ceases at the earlier of the date that the asset is classified as held for sale in accordance with IND AS 105 and the date that the asset is derecognized. Individual assets costing Rs.5000 or less are depreciated in full, in the year of purchase
k. Impairment of assets:
Assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the assets carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an assets
fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets (cash generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.
l. Intangible Assets:
Recognition and measurement:
Intangible assets are recognised when the asset is identifiable, is within the control of the Company, it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the Company and cost of the asset can be reliably measured.
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Intangible assets acquired by the Company that have finite useful lives are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level.
Expenditure on Research activities is recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss as incurred. Development expenditure is capitalised only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to complete development and to use or sell the asset.
Intangible assets which comprise of the development expenditure incurred on new product and expenditure incurred on acquisition of user licenses for computer software are recorded at their acquisition price. Subscriptions to software are treated as revenue expenses as the economic life of such software does not exceed one year.
Subsequent measurement:
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates.
Amortisation:
Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial
year and adjusted if appropriate. Intangible assets are assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.
Disposal:
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.
m. Investments and other Financial Assets:
Fair Value Assessment:
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of asset and liability if market participants would take those into consideration. Fair value for measurement and / or disclosure purposes in these Financial Statements is determined on such basis except for transactions in the scope of Ind AS 2, 17 and 36. Normally at initial recognition, the transaction price is the best evidence of fair value.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques those are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All financial assets and financial liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the Financial Statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole.
Subsequent Measurement:
For purposes of subsequent measurement financial assets are classified in three categories:
• Financial assets measured at amortized cost
• Financial assets at fair value through OCI
• Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets measured at amortized cost:
Financial assets are measured at amortized cost if the financials asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. These financials assets are amortized using the effective interest rate ('EIR') method, less impairment. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Financial assets at fair value through OCI ('FVTOCI'):
Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. At initial recognition, an irrevocable election is made (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to designate investments in equity instruments other than held for trading purpose at FVTOCI. Fair value changes are recognized in the other comprehensive income ('OCI'). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses and reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the Statement of Profit And Loss. On derecognition of the financial asset other than equity instruments designated as FVTOCI, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss ('FVTPL'):
Any financial asset that does not meet the criteria
for classification as at amortized cost or as financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income is classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Further, financial assets at fair value through profit or loss also include financial assets held for trading and financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are fair valued at each reporting date with all the changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Derecognition:
The Company de-recognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the financial asset, the Company recognizes its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay.
Impairment of Financial Assets:
The Company assesses impairment based on expected credit loss ('ECL') model on the following:
• Financial assets that are measured at amortised cost; and
• Financial assets measured at FVTOCI
ECL is measured through a loss allowance on a following basis:
• The 12 month expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from those default events on the financial instruments that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date)
• Full life time expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the life of financial instruments)
Financial Liabilities:
The Company's financial liabilities include trade payable.
A. Initial recognition and measurement:
All financial liabilities at initial recognition are classified as financial liabilities at amortized cost or financial liabilities at fair value through
profit or loss, as appropriate. All financial liabilities classified at amortized cost are recognized initially at fair value net of directly attributable transaction costs. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the fair value at initial recognition is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
B. Subsequent measurement:
The subsequent measurement of financial liabilities depends upon the classification as described below:-
(i) Financial Liabilities classified as Amortised Cost:
Financial Liabilities that are not held for trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortised cost at the end of subsequent accounting periods. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. Interest expense that is not capitalized as part of costs of assets is included as Finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
(ii) Financial Liabilities classified as Fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL):
Financial liabilities classified as FVTPL includes financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as FVTPL. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at FVTPL only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 is satisfied.
C. Derecognition:
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged / cancelled / expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
D. Offsetting of financial instruments:
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
Other incomes, other than interest and dividend are recognized when the same are due to be received and right to receive such other income is established.
n. Share Capital and Share Premium:
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares are shown in equity as a deduction net of tax from the proceeds. Par value of the equity share is recorded as share capital and the amount received in excess of the par value is classified as share premium.
o. Dividend Distribution to equity shareholders:
The Company recognizes a liability to make cash distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorized and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorized when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognized directly in other equity along with any tax thereon.
p. Cash Flows and Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Statement of cash flows is prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in the relevant IND AS. For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, cheques and drafts on hand, deposits held with Banks, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and book overdrafts. However, Book overdrafts are to be shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet for the purpose of presentation.
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