1. CORPORATE INFORMATION

DLF Limited ('the Company') is engaged primarily in the business of colonisation and real estate development. The operations of the Company span all aspects of real estate development, from the identification and acquisition of land, to planning, execution, construction and marketing of projects. The Company is also engaged in the business of leasing, maintenance services and recreational activities which are related to the overall development of real estate business. The Company is a public limited company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on two recognised stock exchanges in India. The registered office is situated at Shopping Mall, 3^rd Floor, Arjun Marg, Phase I, DLF City, Gurugram - 122002, Haryana.

The standalone financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2024 were authorised and approved by the Board of Directors for issue on 13 May 2024.

2. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES2.1 Basis of preparation

The standalone financial statements ('financial statements') of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the 'Ind AS') as notified by Ministry of Corporate Affairs ('MCA') under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ('Act') read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended from time to time and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the standalone financial statements.

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in India. Further, the standalone financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis except for certain financial assets, financial liabilities, derivative financial instruments and share-based payments which are measured at fair values as explained in relevant accounting policies. The changes in accounting policies are explained in note 2(aa).

The standalone financial statements are presented in Rupees and all values are rounded to the nearest lakh, except when otherwise indicated.

2.2 Summary of material accounting policies

a) Current and non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is: ¹

• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period; or

• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;

• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents.

b) Property, plant and equipment

Recognition and initial measurement

Property, plant and equipment at their initial recognition are stated at their cost of acquisition. On transition to Ind AS, the Company had elected to measure all of its property, plant and equipment at the previous GAAP carrying value (deemed cost). The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing cost, if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discount and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred. The Company identifies and determines cost of each component/ part of the asset separately, if the component/ part have a cost which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.

Subsequent measurement (depreciation and useful lives)

Property, plant and equipment are subsequently measured at cost net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

The Company, based on technical assessment made by technical expert and management estimate, depreciates certain items of building, furniture and fixtures and plant and equipment over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

* I n case of assets pertaining to Golf and Club operations, the Company based on technical evaluation and management estimate considers the useful life of the assets as below:

The residual values, useful lives and method of depreciation are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

De-recognition

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is de-recognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from

its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is de-recognised.

c) Capital work-in-progress and intangible assets under development

Capital work-in-progress and intangible assets under development represents expenditure incurred in respect of capital projects/ intangible assets under development and are carried at cost less accumulated impairment loss, if any. Cost includes land, related acquisition expenses, development/ construction costs, borrowing costs and other direct expenditure.

d) Investment properties

Recognition and initial measurement

Investment properties are properties held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both. Investment properties are measured initially at their cost of acquisition, including transaction costs. On transition to Ind AS, the Company had elected to measure all of its investment properties at the previous GAAP carrying value (deemed cost). The cost comprises purchase price, cost of replacing parts, borrowing cost, if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discount and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. When significant parts of the investment property are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.

Transfers are made to (or from) investment property only when there is a change in use. For a transfer from investment property to owner-occupied property, the deemed cost for subsequent accounting is the carrying value at the date of change in use.

Subsequent measurement (depreciation and useful lives)

Investment properties are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Depreciation on investment properties is

provided on the straight-line method over the useful lives of the assets as follows:

assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. On transition to Ind AS, the Company had elected to measure all of its intangible assets at the previous GAAP carrying value (deemed cost). The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing cost if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

The Company has acquired exclusive usage rights for 30 years under the build, own, operate and transfer scheme in respect of properties developed as automated multi-level car parking and commercial space and classified them under the 'Intangible Assets - Right under build, own, operate and transfer arrangement'.

Subsequent measurement (amortisation)

Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The cost of capitalized software is amortized over a period of 5 years from the date of its acquisition.

The cost of usage rights is being amortised over the concession period in the proportion in which the actual revenue received during the accounting year bears to the projected revenue from such intangible assets till the end of concession period.

De-recognition

Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is de-recognised.

f) I nvestment in equity instruments of subsidiaries (including partnership firms), joint ventures and associates

Investment in equity instruments of subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are stated at cost as per Ind AS 27 'Separate Financial Statements'. Where the carrying amount of an investment is greater than its estimated recoverable amount, it is assessed for recoverability and in case of permanent diminution, provision for impairment is recorded in statement of profit and loss. On disposal of investment, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

g) Business combinations

The Company applies the acquisition method in accounting for business combinations for the businesses which are not under common control. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred measured at acquisition date fair value and the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Company elects whether to measure the non-controlling interests in the acquiree at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree's identifiable net assets. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recognised at their acquisition date fair values. For this purpose, the liabilities assumed include contingent liabilities representing present obligation and they are measured at their acquisition fair values irrespective of the fact that outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is not probable. However, the following assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination are measured at the basis indicated below:

a) Deferred tax assets or liabilities and the assets or liabilities related to employee benefit arrangements are recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 12 'Income Tax' and Ind AS 19 'Employee Benefits', respectively.

b) Potential tax effects of temporary differences and carry forwards of an acquiree that exist at the acquisition date or arise as a result of the acquisition are accounted in accordance with Ind AS 12 'Income Tax'.

c) Liabilities or equity instruments related to share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree or share-based payments arrangements of the Company entered into to replace share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree are measured in accordance with Ind AS 102 'Share-based Payments' at the acquisition date.

d) Assets (or disposal groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with Ind AS 105 'Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations' are measured in accordance with that standard.

e) Reacquired rights are measured at a value determined on the basis of the remaining contractual term of the related contract. Such valuation does not consider potential renewal of the reacquired right.

Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the acquirer is recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration classified as an asset or liability that is a financial instrument and within the scope of Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments', is measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in statement of profit and loss. If the contingent consideration is not within the scope of Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments', it is measured in accordance with the appropriate Ind AS. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not re-measured at subsequent reporting dates and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity.

When the Company acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date.

If the business combination is achieved in stages, any previously held equity interest is re-measured at its acquisition date fair value and any resulting gain or loss is recognised in statement of profit and loss or OCI, as appropriate.

If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted through additional assets or liabilities are recognised, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date. These adjustments are called as measurement period adjustments. The measurement period does not exceed one year from the acquisition date.

Business combinations under common control

Business combinations involving entities or businesses under common control have been accounted for using the pooling of interest method. The assets and liabilities of the combining entities are reflected at their carrying amounts. No adjustments have been made to reflect fair values, or to recognise any new assets or liabilities.

Asset acquisitions and business combinations

Where asset is acquired, via corporate acquisitions or otherwise, management considers the substance of the assets and activities of the acquired entity in determining whether the acquisition represents the acquisition of a business.

Where such acquisitions are not judged to be an acquisition of a business, they are not treated as business combinations. Rather, the cost to acquire the corporate entity or assets and liabilities is allocated between the identifiable assets and liabilities (of the entity) based on their relative fair values at the acquisition date. Accordingly, no goodwill or deferred tax arises.

h) Inventories

• Land and plots other than area transferred to constructed properties at the commencement of construction are valued at lower of cost/ as re-valued on conversion to stock and net realisable value. Cost includes land (including development rights and land under agreement to purchase) acquisition cost, borrowing cost if inventorisation criteria are met, estimated internal development costs and external development charges and other directly attributable costs.

• Construction work-in-progress of constructed properties other than Special Economic Zone (SEZ) projects includes the cost of land (including development rights and land under agreements to purchase), internal development costs, external development charges, construction costs, overheads, borrowing cost if inventorisation criteria are met, development/ construction materials and is valued at lower of cost/estimated cost and net realisable value.

• In case of SEZ projects, construction work-in-progress of constructed properties include internal development costs, external development charges, construction costs, overheads, borrowing cost if inventorisation criteria are met, development/ construction materials and is valued at lower of cost/ estimated cost and net realisable value.

• Development rights represent amount paid under agreement to purchase land/ development rights and borrowing cost incurred by the Company to acquire irrevocable and exclusive licenses/ development rights in the identified land and constructed properties, the acquisition of which is either completed or is at an advanced stage. These are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value.

• Construction/ development material is valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost comprises of purchase price and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

• Stocks for maintenance facilities (including stores and spares) are valued at cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

Cost is determined on weighted-average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

i) Revenue from contract or services with customer and other streams of revenue

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company

expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements because it typically controls the goods and services before transferring them to the customers.

The disclosures of significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions relating to revenue from contracts with customers are provided in note 2.2(bb).

i. Revenue from Contracts with Customers:

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received/ receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government and is net of rebates and discounts. The Company assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. The Company has concluded that it is acting as a principal in all of its revenue arrangements.

Revenue is recognised in the statement of profit and loss to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue and costs, if applicable, can be measured reliably.

The Company has applied five step model as per Ind AS 115 'Revenue from contracts with customers' to recognise revenue in the standalone financial statements. The

Company satisfies a performance obligation and recognises revenue over time, if one of the following criteria is met:

a) The customer simultaneously receives

and consumes the benefits provided

by the Company's performance as the Company performs; or

b) The Company's performance creates or

enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced; or

c) The Company's performance does

not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company and the entity has an enforceable right to payment for

performance completed to date.

For performance obligations where any of the above conditions are not met, revenue is recognised at the point in time at which the performance obligation is satisfied.

Revenue is recognised either at point of time or over a period of time based on various conditions as included in the contracts with customers.

Point of Time:

Revenue from real-estate projects

Revenue is recognised at the Point in Time w.r.t. sale of real estate units, including land, plots,

apartments, commercial units, development rights including development agreements as and when the control passes on to the customer which coincides with handing over of the possession to the customer.

Incremental cost of obtaining contract The incremental cost of obtaining a contract with a customer is recognised as an asset if Company expects to recover those costs subject to other conditions of the standard are met. These costs are charged to statement of profit and loss in accordance with the transfer of the property to the customer.

Over a period of time:

Revenue is recognised over period of time for following stream of revenues:

Revenue from Co-development projects Co-development projects where the Company is acting as contractor, revenue is recognised in accordance with the terms of the co-developer agreements. Under such contracts, assets created does not have an alternative use for the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment. The estimated project cost includes construction cost, development and construction material, internal development cost, external development charges, borrowing cost and overheads of such project.

The estimates of the saleable area and costs are reviewed periodically and effect of any changes in such estimates is recognized in the period such changes are determined. However, when the total project cost is estimated to exceed total revenues from the project, the loss is recognized immediately.

Construction and fit-out projects

Construction and fit-out projects where the Company is acting as contractor, revenue is recognised in accordance with the terms of the construction agreements. Under such contracts, assets created does not have an alternative use and the Company has an enforceable right to payment. The estimated project cost includes construction cost, development and construction material and overheads of such project.

The Company uses cost based input method for measuring progress for performance obligation satisfied over time. Under this method, the Company recognises revenue in proportion to the actual project cost incurred as against the total estimated project cost. The management reviews and revises its measure of progress periodically and are considered as change in estimates and accordingly, the effect of such changes in estimates is recognised prospectively in the period in which such

changes are determined. However, when the total project cost is estimated to exceed total revenues from the project, the loss is recognized immediately.

As the outcome of the contracts cannot be measured reliably during the early stages of the project, contract revenue is recognised only to the extent of costs incurred in the statement of profit and loss.

Revenue from golf course operations

Income from golf course operations, capitation, sponsorship etc. is fixed and recognised as per the management agreement with the parties, as and when Company satisfies performance obligation by delivering the promised goods or services as per contractual agreed terms.

Rental and Maintenance income

Revenue in respect of rental and maintenance services is recognised on an accrual basis, in accordance with the terms of the respective contract as and when the Company satisfies performance obligations by delivering the services as per contractual agreed terms.

Other operating income

Income from forfeiture of properties and interest from banks and customers under agreements to sell is accounted for on an accrual basis except in cases where ultimate collection is considered doubtful.

ii. Volume rebates and early payment rebates

The Company provides move in rebates/ early payment rebates/ down payment rebates to the customers. Rebates are offset against amounts payable by the customer and revenue to be recognised. To estimate the variable consideration for the expected future rebates, the Company estimates the expected value of rebates that are likely to be incurred in future and recognises the revenue net of rebates and recognises the refund liability for expected future rebates.

iii. Contract balances

Contract assets

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional.

Trade receivables

A receivable represents the Company's right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e. only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due). Refer to accounting

is charged to statement of profit and loss as explained in accounting policy for revenue, in consonance with the concept of matching cost and revenue.

k) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition and/ or construction/ production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are charged to the statement of profit and loss as incurred. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

l) Taxes

Current income tax

Tax expense recognized in statement of profit and loss comprises the sum of deferred tax and current tax except the ones recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. Current tax is determined as the tax payable in respect of taxable income for the year and is computed in accordance with relevant tax regulations. Current income tax relating to items recognised outside statement of profit and loss is recognized outside statement of profit and loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

In the situations where one or more units/ undertaking in the Company are entitled to a tax holiday under the Income-tax Act, 1961, no deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognized in respect of temporary differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the concerned entity's gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of temporary differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the temporary differences originate. However, the Company restricts recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent it is probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes, the temporary differences which originate first are considered to reverse first.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:

• In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside statement of profit and loss is recognised outside statement of profit and loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Sales tax/ value added taxes/ GST paid on acquisition of assets or on incurring expenses

Expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of sales tax/ value added taxes/ goods and services tax paid, except:

• When the tax incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from

the taxation authority, in which case, the tax paid is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable.

• When receivables and payables are stated with the amount of tax included.

The net amount of tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables in the balance sheet.

m) Foreign currency transactions

Functional and presentation currency

The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (T) which is also the functional and presentation currency of the Company.

Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the functional currency, by applying the exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

Foreign currency monetary items outstanding at the balance sheet date are converted to functional currency using the closing rate. Non-monetary items denominated in a foreign currency which are carried at historical cost are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transactions.

Exchange differences arising on settlement of monetary items or restatement as at reporting date, at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which they arise.

n) Retirement and other employee benefits

Provident Fund

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined benefit scheme. The Company makes contribution to statutory provident fund trust set-up in accordance with the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952. The Company has to meet the interest shortfall, if any. Accordingly, the contribution paid or payable and the interest shortfall, if any, is recognised as an expense in the period in which services are rendered by the employee. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

Gratuity

Gratuity is a post-employment benefit and is in the nature of a defined benefit plan. The liability recognised in the balance sheet in respect of gratuity is the present value of the defined benefit/ obligation at the balance sheet date, together with adjustments for unrecognised actuarial gains or losses and past service costs. The defined benefit/ obligation is calculated at or near the balance sheet date by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method. This is based on standard rates of inflation, salary growth rate and mortality. Discount factors are determined close to each year-end by reference to market yields on government bonds that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related liability. Service cost and net interest expense on the Company's defined benefit plan is included in statement of profit and loss. Actuarial gains/ losses resulting from re-measurements of the liability are included in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur and are not reclassified to statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods.

Compensated absences

Liability in respect of compensated absences becoming due or expected to be availed within one year from the balance sheet date is recognised on the basis of discounted value of estimated amount required to be paid or estimated value of benefit expected to be availed by the employees. Liability in respect of compensated absences becoming due or expected to be availed more than one year after the balance sheet date is estimated on the basis of an actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method.

Actuarial gains and losses arising from past experience and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged to statement of profit and loss in the year in which such gains or losses are determined.

Pension

Pension is a post-employment benefit and is in the nature of a defined benefit plan. The liability recognised in the balance sheet in respect of pension is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date, together with adjustments for unrecognised actuarial gains or losses and past service costs. The defined benefit obligation is calculated at or near the balance sheet date by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method. This is based on standard rates of inflation, salary growth rate and mortality. Discount factors are determined close to each year-end by reference to market yields on government bonds that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related liability. Service cost on the Company's defined benefit plan is included in employee benefits expense. Net interest expense on the net defined benefit liability is included in finance costs. Actuarial gains/ losses resulting from re-measurements of the liability are included in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur and are

asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount and the impairment loss, including impairment on inventories, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculation. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

If, at the reporting date there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount. Impairment losses previously recognized are accordingly reversed in the statement of profit and loss.

q) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of unrestricted cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company's cash management.

r) Cash dividend and non-cash distribution to equity holders

The Company recognises a liability to make cash or non-cash distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity.

Non-cash distributions are measured at the fair value of the assets to be distributed with fair value re-measurement recognised directly in equity.

Upon distribution of non-cash assets, any difference between the carrying amount of the liability and the carrying amount of the assets distributed is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

s) Provisions, contingent assets and contingent liabilities

Provisions are recognized only when there is a present obligation (legal or constructive), as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and when a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation can be made at the reporting date. Provisions are discounted to their present values, where the time value of money is material, using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

Onerous contracts

If the Company has a contract that is onerous, the present obligation under the contract is recognised and measured as a provision. However, before a separate provision for an onerous contract is established, the Company recognises any impairment loss that has occurred on assets dedicated to that contract.

An onerous contract is a contract under which the unavoidable costs (i.e. the costs that the Company cannot avoid because it has the contract) of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it. The unavoidable costs under a contract reflect the least net cost of exiting from the contract, which is the lower of the cost of fulfilling it and any compensation or penalties arising from failure to fulfil it.

These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Contingent liability is disclosed for:

• Possible obligations which will be confirmed only by future events not wholly within the control of the Company; or

• Present obligations arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed except when realisation of income is virtually certain, related asset is disclosed.

t) Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the

use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Company as a lessee

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e. the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lease term as follows:

If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.

The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies in note 2.2(p) on impairment of non-financial assets.

Lease liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expenses in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g. changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases (i.e. those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of assets that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low value assets are recognised as expense on a straightline basis over the lease term.

Company as a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating lease is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned. Fit-out rental income is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on accrual basis.

Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company's net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

u) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

1) Financial Assets

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI) and fair value through profit or loss.

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset's contractual cash flow characteristics and the Company's business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient, the Company initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, net of transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under Ind AS 115 'Revenue from contracts with customers'. Refer to the accounting policies in section 2.2(i) 'Revenue from contracts with customers'.

In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through OCI, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are 'solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)' on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level.

The Company's business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets or both.

Subsequent measurement

i. Financial assets carried at amortised cost - a

financial asset is measured at amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

• The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows; and

• Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method.

ii. Investments in equity instruments of subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates -

Investments in equity instruments of subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are accounted for at cost in accordance with Ind AS 27 'Separate Financial Statements'.

iii. Investments in other equity instruments -

Investments in equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL). For all other equity instruments, the Company makes an irrevocable choice upon initial recognition, on an instrument by instrument basis, to classify the same either as

at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL). Amounts presented in other comprehensive income are not subsequently transferred to statement of profit and loss. However, the Company transfers the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Dividend on such investments are recognised in statement of profit and loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment.

iv. Investments in mutual funds - Investments in mutual funds are measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

Fair value changes on instruments measured at FVTPL is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless the Company has elected to measure such instrument at FVOCI. Fair value changes on instruments measured at FVOCI are recognised in OCI. Amounts recognised in OCI are not subsequently reclassified to the statement of profit and loss.

De-recognition of financial assets A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily de-recognised (i.e. removed from the Company's standalone balance sheet) when:

• The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or

• The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass-through' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments', the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss for financial assets.

ECL is the weighted-average of difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at the original effective interest rate, with the respective risks of default occurring as

the weights. When estimating the cash flows, the Company is required to consider:

• All contractual terms of the financial assets (including prepayment and extension) over the expected life of the assets.

• Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.

(i) Trade receivables

In respect of trade receivables, the Company applies the simplified approach of Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments', which requires measurement of loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. Lifetime expected credit losses are the expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.

(ii) Other financial assets

In respect of its other financial assets, the Company assesses if the credit risk on those financial assets has increased significantly since initial recognition. If the credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to 12-month expected credit losses, else at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses.

When making this assessment, the Company uses the change in the risk of a default occurring over the expected life of the financial asset. To make that assessment, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial asset as at the balance sheet date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial asset as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information, that is available without undue cost or effort, that is indicative of significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition. The Company assumes that the credit risk on a financial asset has not increased significantly since initial recognition if the financial asset is determined to have low credit risk at the balance sheet date.

2) Non-derivative financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, security deposits, loans and borrowings and other financial liabilities including bank overdrafts and financial guarantee contracts.

Subsequent measurement

Subsequent to initial recognition, the measurement

of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified party fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognized as a financial liability at the time the guarantee is issued at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of expected loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortization.

De-recognition of financial liabilities

A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

3) Reclassification of financial instruments

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company's senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company's operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the

Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

4) Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

v) Fair value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments such as derivative instruments etc. at fair value at each balance sheet date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest. A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

• Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

• Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the standalone financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by

re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

External valuers are involved for valuation of significant assets, such as properties and unquoted financial assets and significant liabilities, such as contingent consideration. Involvement of external valuers is decided upon annually by the management. Valuers are selected based on market knowledge, reputation, independence and whether professional standards are maintained.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

This note summarises accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.

• Disclosures for valuation methods, significant estimates and assumptions (note 4 and 36).

• Quantitative disclosures of fair value measurement hierarchy (note 36).

• Investment in unquoted equity shares (note 6B).

• Investment properties (note 4).

• Financial instruments (including those carried at amortised cost) (note 36 and 37).

w) Optionally convertible redeemable preference shares and compulsorily convertible debentures

i) Optionally convertible redeemable preference shares

Optionally convertible redeemable preference shares issued by wholly-owned subsidiaries are accounted as investments carried at cost. In such instruments, only the subsidiary companies have the option to buy back and dividend will be completely discretionary at the option of the subsidiary. The Company will not have any legal or contractual right either in normal or in default scenario to require the subsidiaries to make payment of principal or interest as issuer has the right to convert the instrument into equity shares at any time during its tenure. Amount is fixed at upfront and conversion will be into fixed number of shares.

ii) Compulsorily convertible debentures

Compulsorily convertible debentures issued by group companies are accounted as Equity investment carried at Cost based on the terms of the contract. These instruments are convertible into fixed number of equity shares within the term stipulated in contract at the option of holder. Amount is fixed at upfront and conversion will be into fixed number of shares.

x) Convertible instruments

Convertible instruments are separated into liability and equity components based on the terms of the contract. On issuance of the convertible instruments, the fair value of the liability component is determined using a market rate for an equivalent non-convertible instrument. This amount is classified as a financial liability measured at amortised cost (net of transaction costs) until it is extinguished on conversion or redemption.

The remainder of the proceeds is allocated to the conversion option that is recognised and included in equity since conversion option meets Ind AS 32 'Financial Instruments Presentation' criteria for fixed to fixed classification. Transaction costs are deducted from equity, net of associated income tax. The carrying amount of the conversion option is not remeasured in subsequent years.

Transaction costs are apportioned between the liability and equity components of the convertible instruments based on the allocation of proceeds to the liability and equity components when the instruments are initially recognised.

y) Non-current assets held for sale

The Company classifies non-current assets and disposal groups as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale/ distribution rather than through continuing use. Actions required to complete the sale/ distribution should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the sale will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Management must be committed to the sale expected within one year from the date of classification.

For these purposes, sale transactions include exchanges of non-current assets for other non-current assets when the exchange has commercial substance. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded met only when the assets or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales/ distribution of such assets (or disposal groups), its sale is highly probable and it will genuinely be sold, not abandoned. The Company treats sale of the asset or disposal group to be highly probable when:

• The appropriate level of management is committed to a plan to sell the asset (or disposal group);

• An active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated;

• The asset (or disposal group) is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value;

• The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification; and

• Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Non-current assets held for sale and disposal groups are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately in the balance sheet.

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets once classified as held for sale to owners are not depreciated or amortised.

z) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting attributable taxes) by the weighted-average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted-average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share split and reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

aa) Changes in accounting policies and disclosures New and amended standards

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) in consultation with National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA) vide its notification dated 31 March 2023, had made certain amendments in Companies (Indian Accounting Standard Rules), 2015. These amendments apply for the first time from the year ending 31 March 2024, but do not have a material impact on the standalone financial statements of the Company:

Ind AS V. Presentation of Financial Statements - The amendments aim to help entities provide accounting policy disclosures that are more useful by replacing the requirement for entities to disclose their 'significant' accounting policies with a requirement to disclose their 'material' accounting policies and adding guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures. Consequential amendments have been made in Ind AS 107 'Financial Instruments Disclosures' also.

These amendments had no material impact on the standalone financial statements of the Company during the year except for presentation of 'Material Accounting Policies'.

Ind AS 8: Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors - The amendments clarify the distinction between changes in accounting estimates and changes in accounting policies and the correction of errors. It has also been clarified how entities use measurement techniques and inputs to develop accounting estimates.

These amendments had no impact on the standalone financial statements of the Company during the year.

Ind AS 12: Income Taxes - The amendments narrow the scope of the initial recognition exception under Ind AS 12 'Income Taxes', so that it no longer applies to transactions that give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences.

The amendments should be applied to transactions that occur on or after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. In addition, at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented, a deferred tax asset (provided that sufficient taxable profit is available) and a deferred tax liability should also be recognised for all deductible and taxable temporary differences associated with leases and decommissioning obligations. Consequential amendments have been made in Ind AS 101 'First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards'.

These amendments had no impact on the standalone financial statements of the Company during the year.

New and amended standards, not yet effective

There are no standards that are notified and not yet effective as on the date.

bb) Significant management judgement in applying accounting policies and estimation uncertainty

The preparation of the Company's standalone financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the related disclosures and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

Significant management judgements

The following are significant management judgements in applying the accounting policies of the Company that have the most significant effect on the standalone financial statements.

Recognition of deferred tax assets - The extent to which deferred tax assets can be recognized is based on an assessment of the probability of the future taxable income against which the deferred tax assets can be utilized.

Evaluation of indicators for impairment of assets - The evaluation of applicability of indicators of impairment of assets requires assessment of several external and internal factors which could result in deterioration of recoverable amount of the assets.

Classification of leases - The Company enters into leasing arrangements for various assets. The classification of the leasing arrangement as a finance lease or operating lease is based on an assessment of several factors, including, but not limited to, transfer of ownership of leased asset at end of lease term, lessee's option to purchase and estimated certainty of exercise of such option, proportion of lease term to the asset's economic life, proportion of present value of minimum lease payments to fair value of leased asset and extent of specialized nature of the leased asset.

Determining the lease term of contracts with renewal and termination options (Company as lessee) -The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable term of the lease, together with any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered by an option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised. The Company has several lease contracts that include extension and termination options. The Company applies judgement in evaluating whether it is reasonably certain whether or not to exercise the option to renew or terminate the lease. That is, it considers all relevant factors that create an economic incentive for it to exercise either the renewal or termination. After the commencement date, the Company reassesses the lease term if there is a significant event or change in circumstances that is within its control and affects its ability to exercise or not to exercise the option to renew or to terminate (e.g. construction of significant leasehold improvements or significant customisation to the leased asset).

Impairment of financial assets - At each balance sheet date, based on historical default rates observed over expected life, the management assesses the expected credit loss on outstanding financial assets.

Provisions - At each balance sheet date basis the management judgment, changes in facts and legal aspects, the Company assesses the requirement of provisions against the outstanding contingent liabilities. However, the actual future outcome may be different from this judgement.

Revenue from contracts with customers - The Company has applied judgements that significantly affect the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers.

Significant estimates

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, are described below. The

Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the standalone financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Net realisable value of inventory - The determination of net realisable value of inventory involves estimates based on prevailing market conditions, current prices and expected date of commencement and completion of the project, the estimated future selling price, cost to complete projects and selling cost. The Company also involves specialist to perform valuations of inventories, wherever required.

Useful lives of depreciable/ amortisable assets -Management reviews its estimate of the useful lives of depreciable/amortisable assets at each reporting date, based on the expected utility of the assets. Uncertainties in these estimates relate to technical and economic obsolescence that may change the utility of assets.

Valuation of investment property - Investment property is stated at cost. However, as per Ind AS 40 'Investment Property' there is a requirement to disclose fair value as at the balance sheet date. The Company engaged independent valuation specialists to determine the fair value of its investment property as at reporting date. The determination of the fair value of investment properties requires the use of estimates such as future cash flows from the assets (such as lettings, future revenue streams, capital values of fixtures and fittings, any environmental matters and the overall repair and condition of the property) and discount rates applicable to those assets. In addition, development risks (such as construction and letting risk) are also taken into consideration when determining the fair value of the properties under construction. These estimates are based on local market conditions existing at the balance sheet date.

ImpairmentofProperty, plant, equipment, Investment properties and CWIP - Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The value in use calculation is based on a DCF model. The cash flows are derived from the budgets. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used.

Defined benefit obligation (DBO) - Management's estimate of the DBO is based on a number of underlying assumptions such as standard rates of inflation, mortality, discount rate and anticipation of future salary increases. Variation in these assumptions may significantly impact the DBO amount and the annual defined benefit expenses.

Fair value measurement disclosures -Management applies valuation techniques (including but not limited to the use of illiquidity discount on investments) to determine the fair value of financial instruments (where active market quotes are not available). This involves developing estimates and assumptions consistent with how market participants would price the instrument.

Valuation of investment in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates - Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are carried at cost. At each balance sheet date, the management assesses the indicators of impairment of such investments. This requires assessment of several external and internal factor including capitalisation rate, key assumption used in discounted cash flow models (such as revenue growth, unit price and discount rates) or sales comparison method which may affect the carrying value of investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates.

1

Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading;