Note 1: Corporate information

GIC Housing Finance Limited (‘the Company’) is a Public Limited Company incorporated under the provisions of Companies Act, 1956 with its registered office in Mumbai to carry on the business of Housing Finance in India. The Company is registered with the National Housing Bank ("NHB"). The shares/securities of the Company are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and/or the National Stock Exchange.

Note 2: Material Accounting Policies, Accounting Judgements, Estimates and Assumptions:

2.1: Basis of Preparation and Presentation

a. Statement of Compliance

The Standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind-AS) notified under section 133 of Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") and the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time and the guidelines issued by the National Housing Bank (“NHB”) and Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to the extent applicable and the relevant provisions of the Act.

The Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit and Loss and the Statement of Changes in Equity are prepared and presented in the format prescribed in the Division III of Schedule III to the Act. The Statement of Cash Flows has been prepared and presented as per the requirements of Ind AS 7 “Statement of Cash Flows”. The Company presents its Balance Sheet in the order of liquidity.

b. Basis of preparation of Standalone Financial Statements

The Company has prepared these Standalone Financial Statements, which comprise the Balance Sheet as at March 31, 2024, Statement of Profit and Loss, Statement of Cash Flows and Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended March 31,2024, and accounting policies and other explanatory information (together hereinafter referred to as “Financial Statements”) on the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments and certain employee benefit assets, which are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below.

A historical cost is a measure of value used in accounting in which the price of an asset on the balance sheet is based on its nominal or original cost when acquired by the company.

The financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis, as the Management is satisfied that the Company shall be able to continue its business for the foreseeable future and no material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on going concern assumption. In making this assessment, the Management has considered a wide range of information relating to present and future conditions, including future projections of profitability, cash flows and capital resources.

The Company generally reports financial assets and financial liabilities on a gross basis in the Balance Sheet. They are offset and reported net only when Ind AS specifically permits the same or it has an unconditional legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts without being contingent on a future event. Similarly, the Company offsets incomes and expenses and reports the same on a net basis when permitted by Ind AS.

The audited financial statements were subject to review and recommendation of Audit Committee and approval of Board of Directors. On May 13, 2024, Board of Directors of the Company approved and recommended the audited financial statements for consideration and adoption by the shareholders in its ensuing Annual General Meeting.

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR/^) which is also the functional currency of the Company and all values are rounded to the nearest lakh except when otherwise stated.

c. Fair Value measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

Fair value measurements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurements in its entirety, which are described as follows:

• Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;

• Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

• Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

d. Accounting Judgements, Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of the Financial Statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the Management to make estimates, judgements and assumptions. These estimates, judgements and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period.

The estimates, judgements and assumptions used are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances. Differences between actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known/materialised. The management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of Financial Statements are prudent and reasonable.

(i) Evaluation of Business Model

Classification and measurement of financial instruments depends on the results of the solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding (“SPPI”) and the business model test. The Company determines the business model at a level that reflects how the Company’s financial instruments are managed together to achieve a particular business objective.

The Company monitors financial assets measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income that are derecognised prior to their maturity to understand the reason for their disposal and whether the reasons are consistent with the objective of the business for which the asset was held. Monitoring is part of the Company’s continuous assessment of whether the business model for which the remaining financial assets are held continues to be appropriate and if it is not appropriate whether there has been a change in business model and so a prospective change to the classification of those instruments.

(ii) Determination of Expected Credit Loss (“ECL”)

The measurement of impairment losses (ECL) across all categories of financial assets requires judgement, in particular, the estimation of the amount and timing of future cash flows based on Company’s historical experience and collateral values when determining impairment losses along with the assessment of a significant increase in credit risk. These estimates are driven by a number of factors, changes in which can result in different levels of allowances.

Elements of the ECL models that are considered accounting judgements and estimates include:

• Bifurcation of the financial assets into different portfolios when ECL is assessed on collective basis.

• The classification of loan portfolio into various stages based on the number of days overdue.

• Value of collaterals considered for loan loss allowance.

• Company’s criteria for assessing if there has been a significant increase in credit risk. Development of ECL models, including choice of inputs / assumptions used.

(iii) Effective interest rate computation

Computation of effective interest rate involves significant estimates and judgements with respect to expected loan tenure (period within which all cash flows pertaining to such financial instruments are expected to be received), nature and timings of such estimated cash flows considering the contractual terms of the financial instrument. These estimations are done considering various factors such as historical behaviour patterns of the instrument with respect to average repayment period and cash flows behaviours. Such estimates and assumptions are reviewed by the company at each reporting date and changes, if any are given effect to.

(iv) Fair Value Measurements

In case of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded or disclosed in financial statements the company uses the quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or based on inputs which are observable either directly or indirectly for determining the fair value. However in certain cases, the Company adopts valuation techniques and inputs which are not based on market data. When Market observable information is not available, the Company has applied appropriate valuation techniques and inputs to the valuation model.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data is available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs. Information about the valuation techniques and inputs used in determining the fair value of Investments.

(v) Income Taxes

The Company’s tax jurisdiction is in India. Significant judgements are involved in determining the provision for direct and indirect taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for certain tax positions.

(vi) Provisions and Liabilities

Provisions and liabilities are recognised in the period when it becomes probable that there will be an outflow of funds resulting from past operations or events that can be reasonably estimated. The timing of recognition requires judgment to existing facts and circumstances which may be subject to change.

(vii) Defined Benefit Plans

The cost of the defined benefit plan and the present value of the obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

2.2. Material Accounting Policy

a. Property, plant and equipment (PPE)

PPE is recognised when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. PPE are stated at cost of acquisition, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Direct costs are capitalised until the assets are ready for use and include freight, duties, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of PPE is added to its book value only if they increase the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

For transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to adopt as deemed cost, the opening written down value as per Previous GAAP on the transition date of April 1, 2017.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Depreciation is provided on written down value method ('WDV') over the estimated useful lives of the assets specified

in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. Individual assets costing up to ? 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition. The estimated useful lives of Property, Plant and Equipment are as stated below:

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

Depreciation on impaired PPE asset is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

Property, Plant and Equipment not ready for the intended use on the date of Balance sheet are disclosed as “Capital Work-in-progress” and carried at cost.

b. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Intangible assets are stated at acquisition cost, net of accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Intangible Assets i.e. computer software are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful life of 1 year to 5 years.

Amortisation on impaired intangible asset is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of an intangible asset are determined as the difference between the disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Intangible assets not ready for the intended use on the date of Balance sheet are disclosed as “Intangible assets under developments”.

The method of amortisation, useful life are reviewed at the end of accounting year with the effect of changes in the estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

c. Assets held for Sale

Assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount is intended to be recovered principally through a sale (rather than through continuing use) when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sale of such asset and the sale is highly probable and is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.

The Company repossess properties or other assets to settle outstanding recoverable and the surplus (if any) post auction is refunded to the obligors. These assets are physically acquired by the company under SARFAESI Act, 2002 and where sale is highly probable have been classified as Assets Held for Sale, as their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale of asset. In accordance with Ind AS 105, the company is committed to sell these assets. Assets classified as held for sale are measured at lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

d. Impairment of Assets other than financials assets

The Company assesses at each Balance Sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset other than financial asset may be impaired. If such indication exists, the PPE, intangible assets and investment property are tested for impairment so as to determine the impairment loss, if any.

Impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use.

If recoverable amount of an asset is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, such deficit is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as impairment loss and the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to its recoverable amount.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

e. Financial Instruments

(i) Recognition

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when an entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Purchase and sale of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, which is the date on which the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

(ii) Initial measurement

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at Fair Value through Profit or Loss are recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

In addition, on initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost or at FVTOCI or at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

(iii) Financial Assets

A. Classification of Financial Assets and Subsequent Measurement

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified to be measured at -

- Amortised cost; or

- Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI); or

- Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)

All recognised financial assets that are within the scope of Ind AS 109 are required to be subsequently measured at amortised cost or fair value on the basis of the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets. Debt instruments that are held within a business model whose objective is to collect the contractual cash flows, and that have contractual terms of financial assets give rise specify date to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding (SPPI), are subsequently measured at amortised cost.

A debt instrument is classified as FVTOCI only if it meets both of the following conditions and is not recognised at FVTPL:

• The asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

• The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

The Company determines its business model at the level that best reflects how it manages a group of financial assets to achieve its business objective and is not assessed on instrument to instrument basis, but at a higher level of aggregated portfolios. At initial recognition of a financial asset, the Company determines whether newly recognised financial assets are part of an existing business model or whether they reflect a new business model.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognised in the Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). However, the Company recognises interest income & impairment losses in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value are classified as at FVTPL. The Company may make an irrevocable election to present certain equity investments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable. If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment. However, on sale/disposal the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

All other financial assets are classified as measured at FVTPL.

Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains and losses arising on re-measurement recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

B. Derecognition of Financial Assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and/or substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company transfers the financial assets but retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain/loss that had been recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, with the exception of equity investment designated as measured at FVTOCI, where the cumulative gain/loss previously recognised in OCI is not subsequently reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

C. Modification of contractual cash flows

A modification of a financial asset occurs when the contractual terms governing the cash flows of a financial asset are renegotiated or otherwise modified between initial recognition and maturity of the financial asset. A modification affects the amount and/or timing of the contractual cash flows either immediately or at a future date. In addition, the introduction or adjustment of existing covenants of an existing loan would constitute a modification even if these new or adjusted covenants do not yet affect the cash flows immediately but may affect the cash flows depending on whether the covenant is or is not met (e.g. a change to the increase in the interest rate that arises when covenants are breached).

When a financial asset is modified, the Company assesses whether this modification results in derecognition. In accordance with the Company’s policy, a modification results in derecognition when it gives rise to substantially different terms.

When the contractual cash flows of a financial asset are renegotiated or otherwise modified, and the renegotiation or modification does not result in the derecognition of that financial asset, the Company recalculates the gross carrying amount of the financial asset and shall recognise a modification gain or loss in profit or loss. The gross carrying amount of the financial asset shall be recalculated as at the present value of the renegotiated or modified contractual cash flows that are discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate (or credit-adjusted effective interest rate for purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets) or, when applicable, the revised effective interest rate.

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company’s management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company’s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

E. Impairment of Financial Assets

Company recognizes loss allowances using the Expected Credit Loss (“ECL”) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through profit and loss as per board approved policy. The Company uses expected credit loss (“ECL”) allowance for financial assets, which are not individually significant, and comprise of a large number of homogeneous assets that have similar characteristics.

(i) Measurement of Impairment

The expected credit loss is a product of exposure at default, probability of default and loss given default. The Company has used past data to observe actual defaults for potential credit losses. The estimates from the above sources have been adjusted with forward looking inputs from anticipated change in future macro-economic conditions.

ECL is required to be measured through a loss allowance at an amount equal to:

• 12-month ECL, i.e. ECL that results from those default events on the financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date; or

• full lifetime ECL, i.e. lifetime ECL that result from all possible default events over the life of the financial instrument.

A loss allowance for full lifetime ECL is required for a financial instrument if the credit risk on that financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. For all other financial instruments, ECLs are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL.

The company has established a policy to perform an assessment at the end of each reporting period whether a financial instrument’s credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition by considering the change in the risk of default occurring over the remaining life of the financial instruments.

Based on the above process, the company categorises its loans into Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 3 as described below:

Stage 1: When loans are first recognised, the Company recognises an allowance based on 12 month ECL. Stage 1 loans also include facilities where the credit risk has improved and the loan has been reclassified from Stage 2 to Stage 1.

Stage 2: When a loan has shown an increase in credit risk since origination, the Company records an allowance for the life time expected credit losses. Stage 2 loans also include facilities, where the credit risk has improved and the loan has been reclassified from Stage 3 to Stage 2.

Stage 3: When loans shows significant increase in credit risk and/or are considered credit-impaired, the company records an allowance for the life time expected credit losses.

The Company measures ECL on an individual basis, or on a collective basis for portfolios of loans that share similar economic risk characteristics. This expected credit loss is computed based on a provision matrix which takes into account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward-looking information.

Key elements of ECL computation are outlined below:

• Exposure at Default (EAD) is an estimate of the exposure at a reporting date, including repayments of principal and interest, whether scheduled by contract or otherwise, expected drawdowns on committed facilities.

• Probability of default (“PD”) is an estimate of the likelihood that customer will default over a given time horizon. A default may only happen at a certain time over the assessed period, PD is calculated based on default summary of past years using historical analysis.

• Loss given default (“LGD”) estimates the loss which Company incurs post customer default. It is computed using as value of collateral and it is usually expressed as a percentage of the Exposure at default (“EAD”).

(ii) Significant increase in credit risk

The Company monitors all financial assets and loan commitments that are subject to the impairment requirements to assess whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition.

In assessing whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument at the reporting date based on the remaining maturity of the instrument with the risk of a default occurring that was anticipated for the remaining maturity at the current reporting date when the financial instrument was first recognised. In making this assessment, the Company considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical experience and forward-looking information that is available without undue cost or effort, based on the Company’s expert credit assessment.

(iii) Credit impaired financial assets

A financial asset is ‘credit impaired’ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred. Credit-impaired financial assets are referred to as Stage 3 assets. Evidence of credit-impairment includes observable data about the following events:

• significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer;

• a breach of contract such as a default or past due event;

• the lender of the borrower, for economic or contractual reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, having granted to the borrower a concession that the lender would not otherwise consider;

• the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties; or

A loan is considered credit-impaired when a concession is granted to the borrower due to a deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition, unless there is evidence that as a result of granting the concession the risk of not receiving the contractual cash flows has reduced significantly and there are no other indicators of impairment.

(iv) Definition of default

The definition of default is used in measuring the amount of ECL and in the determination of whether the loss allowance is based on 12-month or lifetime ECL.

Default considered for computation of ECL is based on both qualitative and quantitative indicators such as overdue status and non-payment on another obligation of the same counterparty are key inputs in this analysis.

F. Write-off

Loans and debt securities are written off when the Company has no reasonable expectations of recovering the financial asset (either in its entirety or a portion of it). This is the case when the Company determines that the borrower does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off. A write-off constitutes a derecognition event. The Company may apply enforcement activities to financial assets written off. Recoveries resulting from the Company’s enforcement activities will result in impairment gains.

(iv) Financial Liabilities and Equity Instruments

A. Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

B. Equity Instrument

An instrument that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities is an equity instrument. Equity instruments issued are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

C. Financial liabilities

All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method or at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is held for trading or it is designated as at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortised cost at the end of subsequent accounting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortised cost are determined based on the effective interest method.

D. Derecognition of financial liabilities

The Company derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. An exchange between the Company and the lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in profit or loss.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet only if there is an enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts with an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

f. Employee Benefits

(i) Defined contribution plan

Defined contribution plans include contributions to Provident Fund, Employees’ Pension Scheme and Employee State Insurance Scheme, recognized as employee benefit expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss based on the amount of contribution as and when the services are received from the employees.

(ii) Defined benefit plans

For defined benefit retirement plans such as Gratuity plan and compensated absences, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each reporting date.

Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows:

• service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);

• net interest expense or income; and

• re-measurement

The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in Standalone Statement of profit and loss in the line item ‘Employee benefits expenses’. Curtailment gains and losses are accounted for as past service costs.

Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding interest), is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive income in the year in which they occur. Re-measurement recognised in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to profit or loss.

Past service cost is recognised in profit or loss in the year of a plan amendment or when the Company recognises corresponding restructuring cost whichever is earlier.

For the purpose of gratuity, the Company has obtained a qualifying group gratuity insurance policy from Life Insurance Corporation of India. The fair value of the plan assets is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plans to recognise the obligation on a net basis.

(iii) Short-term and long-term employee benefits

Employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short term employee benefits and are expensed in the period in which the employee renders the related service. Liabilities recognised in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.

(g) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and contingent assets

Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation.

When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material). The discount rate used

to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Notes. Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. Contingent assets are disclosed where an inflow of economic benefits is probable. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.

When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation, in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote no provision or disclosure is made.

h. Commitments

Commitments are future liabilities for contractual expenditure. The commitments are classified and disclosed as follows:

i. The estimated amount of contracts remaining to be executed on capital account and not provided for; and

ii. Other non-cancellable commitments, if any, to the extent they are considered material and relevant in the opinion of the Management.

i. Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured and there exists reasonable certainty of its recovery.

(i) Income on loans

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time proportion basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and applicable effective interest rate (EIR).

EIR is the rate that discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or, when appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. EMI commences once when the entire loan is disbursed. Pending Commencement of EMIs, Pre-EMI interest is payable every month.

The EIR (and therefore, the amortised cost of the asset) is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition, fees and costs that are an integral part of the asset. The Company recognises interest income using a rate of return that represents the best estimate of a constant rate of return over the expected life of the loan.

Interest income is calculated by applying the EIR to the gross carrying amount of non-credit impaired financial assets (i.e. at the amortised cost of the financial asset before adjusting for any expected credit loss allowance). For credit-impaired financial assets, interest income is calculated by applying the EIR to the gross carrying amount less the allowance for expected credit losses. However, no interest has been recognised on credit-impaired loans as a matter of prudence.

Overdue Interest in respect of credit-impaired loans, Penal Interest and other related charges are recognised as income only when revenue is virtually certain which generally coincides with receipts.

(ii) Fees and Commission Income

Fee and commission income include fee other than those that are an integral part of EIR. The fee included in this part of the Company’s Statement of Profit and Loss include, among other things, fee charged for servicing a loan. The Company recognises the fee and commission income in accordance with the terms of the relevant contract / agreement and when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration.

Fee and commission expenses in respect of services availed are recognised as the services are received.

(iii) Investment Income

Gains/ losses on the sale of investments are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on the trade date. Gain or loss on the sale of investments is determined after consideration of cost on a first in first out (FIFO) basis.

Income from interest on bank deposits and other interest bearing securities is recognized on the time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

(iv) Dividend Income

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the Company’s right to receive payment has been established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of dividend income can be measured reliably).

(v) Other Income

Other Income represents income earned from the activities incidental to the business and is recognised when the right to receive the income is established as per the terms of the contract.

j. Leases

The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at the inception of the contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company considers whether (i) the contract involves the use of identified asset; (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset through the period of lease and (iii) the Company has right to direct the use of the asset.

(i) As a lessee

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

Certain lease arrangements include the option to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. The right-of-use assets and lease liabilities include these options when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. In addition, the right-of use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain re-measurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprises of fixed payments, including insubstance fixed payments, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee and the exercise price under a purchase option that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise & lease payments in an optional renewal period, if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option.

The lease liability is subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

Lease liability and the right of use asset have been separately presented in the balance sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing activities.

The Company has elected not to recognise right-of use assets and lease liabilities for short term leases that have a lease term of less than or equal to 12 months with no purchase option and assets with low value leases. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense in statement of profit and loss over the lease term. The related cash flows are classified as operating activities.

k. Taxes

(i) Current Tax

Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.

(ii) Deferred Taxes

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary difference can be utilised.

Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary differences arise from the initial recognition of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit. In addition, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting year and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised, or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting year.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

(iii) Current and Deferred Tax for the year

Current and Deferred tax are recognised in statement of profit and loss, except when they are relating to items that are recognised in the other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the relevant entity intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

l. Investments in Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures and Associates

Investments in Subsidiaries and Associates are measured at cost as per Ind AS 27 - Separate Financial Statements.

M. Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs include interest expense calculated using the EIR on respective financial instruments measured at amortised cost.

n. Foreign currencies

In preparing the financial statements, transactions in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are generally recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

o. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in Balance Sheet comprise of cash at bank, cash and cheques on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

p. Statement of Cash Flow

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities are segregated based on the activities of the Company.

q. Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM).

The Managing Director & CEO is identified as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) by the management of the Company. CODM has identified only one operating segment of providing loans for purchase, construction, repairs renovation etc. and has its operations entirely within India.

r. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss after tax for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average numbers of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for events including a bonus issue, bonus element in right issue to existing shareholders, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares).

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss after tax as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income (net of any attributable taxes) relating to the dilutive potential equity shares divided by weighted average nos. of equity shares year which are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

s. Exceptional Items

When items of income and expense within profit or loss from ordinary activities are of such size, nature or incidence that their disclosure is relevant to explain the performance of the enterprise for the period, the nature and amount of such items is disclosed separately as Exceptional items.

t. Dividend

Final dividend on equity shares are recorded as a liability on the date of the approval by the shareholders and interim dividend are recorded as liability on the date of declaration by the Company’s Board of Directors.