1. Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the
historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting in
accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India
and comply with the Accounting Standards ('AS') prescribed by the
Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2014 and the relevant
provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, to the extent applicable. The
financial statements are presented in Indian rupees
2. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires management to make
judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of
accounting policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income
and expenses and the disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date
of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those
estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an
ongoing basis. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised
prospectively in current and future periods.
3. Current-non-current classification
All assets and liabilities are classified into current and non-current.
Assets
An asset is classified as current when it satisfies any of following
criteria:
i. it is expected to be realised in, or is intended for sale or
consumption in, the company's normal operating cycle;
ii. it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;
iii. it is expected to be realised within 12 months after the reporting
date; or
iv. it is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being
exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least 12 months after
the reporting date.
Current assets include the current portion of non-current. All other
assets are classified as non- current.
Liabilities
A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of following
criteria:
i. it is expected to be settled in the company's normal operating
cycle;
ii. it is held primarily for the purpose of being trade;
iii. it is due to be settled within 12 months afterthe reporting date;
or
iv. the company does not have an unconditional right to defer
settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting
date. Terms of liability that could, at the option of the counter
party, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do
not affect its classification.
Current liabilities include current portion of non-current financial
liabilities. All other liabilities are classified as non-current.
Operating cycle: Operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of
assets for processing and their realisation in cash or cash
equivalents.
4. Inventories
Inventories are carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
Cost of inventories comprises purchase price and all incidental
expenses incurred in bringing the inventory to its present location and
condition. The method of determination of cost is as follows:
* Raw materials and components - on a first in first out method.
* Stores and spares - at cost.
* Work-in-progress and finished goods (manufactured) - on a first in
first out method and includes costs of conversion.
* Traded goods - at landed cost on a first in first out method.
Fixed production overheads are allocated on the basis of normal
capacity of production facilities.
The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an
item-by-item basis.
The net realisable value of work-in-progress is determined with
reference to the net realisable value of finished goods. Raw materials
and other supplies held for use in production of inventories are not
written down below cost except in cases where material prices have
declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products
will exceed their net realisable value.
The provision for inventory obsolescence is assessed on a quarterly
basis and is provided as considered necessary.
5. Cash flow statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit
before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash
nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or
payments. The cash flows from revenue generating, investing and
financing activities of the company are segregated.
6. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash in
hand and balance in bank in current accounts and in exchange earner's
foreign currency accounts.
7. Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when significant risks and
rewards in respect of ownership of products are transferred to
customers. Revenue from job work is recognised as per the terms of
contract with the customer. The amount recognised as sale is exclusive
of sales tax and trade and quantity discounts. Revenue from sale of
goods has been presented both gross and net of excise duty.
Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
8. Fixed assets
Fixed assets are carried at the cost of acquisition or construction
less accumulated depreciation. The cost of fixed assets includes
non-refundable taxes, duties, freight, and other incidental expenses
related to the acquisition and installation of respective assets.
Acquired intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for
acquisition. Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or
construction of those fixed assets which necessarily take a substantial
period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised.
Cost of fixed assets not ready for their intended use before such date
is disclosed under capital work-in- progress.
9. Depreciation
Depreciation on fixed assets is provided based on the useful life as
prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Rates of
depreciation used that are higher than Schedule II rates are as
follows:
Rates (SLM)
Dies 20.00%
Computer software 20.00%
Land is not depreciated. Depreciation is calculated on a pro-rata basis
from the date of installation till the date the assets are sold or
disposed. Individual assets costing less than Rs.5,000 are depreciated
in full in the year of acquisition, if any.
10. Retirement and other employee benefits
(i) Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined
contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Statement
of profit and loss of the year when the contributions to the respective
fund is due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution
payable to the provident fund.
(ii) Gratuity liability and compensated absences are defined benefit
obligations and are provided for on actual basis and no actuarial
valuation has been made at the end of financial year as there is no
employee on which liability is to be accrued.
(iii) Termination benefits for retrenched workers are recognized as
contingent liability based on the previous settlements.
11. Foreign currency translation
Foreign exchange transactions are recorded using the exchange rates
prevailing on the dates of the respective transactions. Exchange
differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the
year are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss for the year.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies as at
the balance sheet date are translated at the closing exchange rates on
that date; the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the
Statement of profit and loss. Non-monetary items which are carried in
terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported
using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
12. Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
more than a year from the date of acquisition are classified as current
investments. All other investments are classified as long-term
investments. However, that part of the long term investments which is
expected to be realised within 12 months after the reporting date is
also presented under 'current assets' as "current portion of long term
investments" in consonance with the current/ non-current classification
scheme of Revised Schedule VI.
Long-term investments (including current portion thereof) are carried
at cost less any other-than-temporary diminution in value, determined
separately for each individual investment.
Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value.
The comparison of cost and fair value is done separately in respect of
each category of investment i.e. equity shares, preference shares,
convertible debentures, etc.
Any reductions in the carrying amount and any reversal of such
reductions are charged or credited to the Statement of profit and loss.
Profit/ (loss) on sale of investments is determined separately for each
investment.
13. Export benefits and incentives
Benefits on account of advance license for imports are accounted for on
purchase of imported material. Other export benefits/incentives are
accounted on an accrual basis when the amount become due and
receivable.
14. Leases
Leases that do not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of
ownership are classified as operating leases and recorded as expense on
a straight line basis over the lease term.
15. Taxes on income
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income-tax
is calculated in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act,
1961.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws that
have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is
reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. If
the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carried forwards losses
deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty
of realisation of such assets. Unrecognised deferred tax assets of
earlier years are re-assessed and recognised to the extent that it has
become virtually certain that future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
16. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit
after tax or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders
(after deducting preference dividend and attributable taxes by the
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit after tax for the year attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
17. Impairment of assets
The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication
exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If
such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the
cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its
carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable
amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is
recognised in the Statement of profit and loss. If at the balance sheet
date there is an indication that if a previously assessed impairment
loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the
asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of
depreciated historical cost.
18. Provisions and contingent liabilities
The Company creates a provision when there is a present obligation as a
result of a past event that probably requires an outflow of resources
and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. A
disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not,
require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possibility of an
obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood
of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
Provisions for onerous contracts i.e. contracts where the expected
unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed
the economic benefits expected to be received under it, are recognised
when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic
benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of
an obligating event, based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.
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