CORPORATE INFORMATION:
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (the Company) is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India with its registered office located at Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The Company's shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE).The Company is a public sector enterprise and is under the administrative control of the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence.
The Company is engaged in the design, development, manufacture, repair, overhaul, upgrade and servicing of a wide range of products including, aircraft, helicopters, aero-engines, avionics, accessories and aerospace structures.
1. BASIS OF ACCOUNTING:
The Financial Statements are prepared to comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as prescribed under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013 read with relevant rules of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules.
2. USES OF ESTIMATES:
a) Preparation of financial statements in conformity with the recognition and the measurement principle of Ind AS requires the management of the Company to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affects the reported balances of Assets and Liabilities, disclosure relating to contingent liabilities as on the date of the Financial Statements and the reported amount of revenues and expense for the reporting period.
b) Estimates and the underlying assumption are reviewed on an ongoing basis. The revision to the accounting estimates, if material is recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised.
c) Estimates and judgments made in applying accounting policies that have significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements are as follows:
i. Employee Defined benefit plans
The liabilities and costs for defined benefit plans are determined using actuarial valuations. The actuarial valuation involves making assumptions. These assumptions include salary escalation rate, discount rates, expected rate of return on assets and mortality rates.
ii. Provisions and contingencies
Assessments undertaken in recognising provisions and contingencies have been made as per the best judgment of the management based on the current available information.
iii. Income Taxes
The Company's tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgments are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/ recovered for uncertain tax positions.
3. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT(PPE):
a) Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
b) The cost includes purchase price, import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes after deducting trade discounts and rebates and any cost directly attributable including borrowing cost on qualifying assets to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by the management.
c) Subsequent expenditure relating to PPE including major inspection costs, spare parts, standby and servicing equipment are capitalized only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.
d) In accordance with Ind AS 101-First Time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards, the Company had chosen to consider the carrying value for all its PPE as their deemed cost at the Opening Balance Sheet as at April 01, 2015.
e) Depreciation is calculated on straight line basis over estimated useful life as prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013. Where the useful life of the asset is not as per Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013, the same is disclosed under Notes to Accounts.
f) PPE individually costing '50,000 and below are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.
g) Where part of an item of PPE with a cost significant in relation to the total cost of the item and have different useful lives, they are treated as separate components and depreciated over their estimated useful life.
h) Certain items like Special Tools are amortized over the number of units of production expected to be obtained from the asset based on technical assessment and management estimates depending on the nature and usage of the respective assets.
i) CSR Assets are fully depreciated in the year of capitalization.
j) The cost and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the Financial Statements upon sale or derecognition or retirement of the asset and the resultant gains or losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the relevant period.
k) The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation / amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period with the effect of changes in estimates accounted for on a prospective basis.
3.1: CAPITAL ADVANCES AND CAPITAL WORK IN PROGRESS (CWIP)
a) Advances given towards acquisition of PPE outstanding at each Balance Sheet date are disclosed as other Noncurrent assets.
b) Cost of Assets not ready for its intended use as on the Balance Sheet date is shown as CWIP. Such properties are classified to the appropriate categories of PPE when completed and ready for its intended use.
c) Depreciation on such assets commence when the assets are ready for their intended use.
4. investment property
a) A property is considered as investment property only if the same is held for earning rentals and /or for capital appreciation or both. Properties held by the Company (directly or indirectly) which are used in the production of supply of goods or services for administrative purposes are not considered as Investment Property.
b) Investment Properties are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. In accordance with Ind AS 101, First Time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards, the Company has chosen to consider the carrying value for all its Investment Property recognized in its Indian GAAP financial statement as their deemed cost as at the transition date viz, April 01, 2015.
c) Depreciation is calculated on straight line basis over estimated useful life as prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013. Where the useful life of the asset is not as per Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013, the same is disclosed under Notes to Accounts.
5. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
a) Intangible Assets controlled and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow and having useful life are recognized at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
b) Development Costs having useful life and which will generate probable future economic benefits are recognized as an intangible asset and amortised over production based on technical estimate and to the extent not amortized are carried forward.
c) Expenditure on license fees, documentation charges etc, based on the definition criteria of intangible assets in terms of reliability of measurement of cost and future economic benefits from the assets, are amortised over production based on technical estimates, and to the extent not amortised, are carried forward.
d) The cost of software internally generated / acquired for internal use which is not an integral part of the related hardware, is recognized as an intangible asset and is amortised over three years, on straight line method. Amortisation commences when the asset is available for use.
e) Expenditure on Research is recognized as expenditure in the period in which it is incurred.
f) Wherever it is not possible to assess the useful life of an intangible asset (whether or not significant) the same is not amortised. Impairment on such intangible assets are reviewed annually and when there is an indication of impairment, the asset is impaired.
6. LEASE ACCOUNTING
6.1. The Company recognizes, at inception of a contract a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
6.2. The Company as a lessee
a) At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use ("ROU") asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and a lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee except for leases with a term of 12 months or less (short term leases) and leases for which the underlying assets is of low value. For such short term and assets of low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payment as an expense on a straight line basis over the term of the lease.
b) At commencement date the ROU asset is measured at cost. The cost of the ROU asset measured at inception shall comprise of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, plus any initial direct costs incurred. The ROU assets are subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any.
c) The ROU assets are depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of ROU asset. The estimated useful lives of ROU assets are determined on the same basis as those of PPE. Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
d) At the commencement date, the Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at that date. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the Company's incremental borrowing rate.
e) Lease liability and ROU asset are separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments are classified as financing cash flows. Short term lease payments and payments for leases of low value assets are classified as operating cash flows.
6.3. Company as a lessor
At the inception of the lease the Company classifies each of its leases as either an operating lease or a finance lease.
6.3.1 Finance Lease:
a) A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an underlying asset to the Lessee is classified as a finance lease. Title may or may not eventually be transferred.
b) At commencement date, an amount equal to the net investment in the lease is presented as receivable. The interest rate implicit in the lease is used to measure the value of net investment in the lease.
c) The finance income is recognized over the lease term in the statement of profit and loss account so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease.
d) The de-recognition and impairment requirement of the underlying asset is tested as per Ind AS 109- Financial instruments.
e) Any modifications in the lease are accounted as a separate lease when the recognition criteria specified in paragraph 79 of the standard are met.
6.3.2 Operating Lease:
a) Lease other than finance leases are operating leases.
b) The lease payment from operating leases are recognized as income on either a straight-line basis or another systematic basic, if required.
c) The expenses including depreciation cost associated with earning of the lease income is recognized as an expense.
d) Depreciation on underlying assets subject to operating leases are calculated on straight line basis over estimated useful life as prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.
e) Any modifications in the lease are accounted as a separate lease if the recognition criteria specified in the standard is met.
6.4. Transition to Ind AS 116
a) Effective April 1, 2019, the Company has applied Ind AS 116 on Lease Accounting. Ind AS 116 replaces Ind AS 17. The Company has adopted Ind AS 116 using the cumulative effect method. The effect of initially applying this standard is recognized at the date of initial application (i.e. April 1, 2019) and the comparative information continues to be reported under Ind AS 17.
b) The Company has chosen the practical expedient provided by the standard to apply Ind AS 116 only to contracts that were previously identified as leases under Ind AS 17 and therefore has not reassessed whether a contract is or contains a lease at the date of initial application.
7. NON CURRENT INvESTMENTS
a) In accordance with Ind AS 101, First time adoption of Indian Accounting Standards, the Company has chosen to consider the carrying amount of investment as their deemed cost as at the Opening Balance Sheet as at 01st April, 2015.
b) Investments are carried individually at cost less accumulated impairment in the value of such Investments.
c) Cost of Investment includes acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.
d) The Company reviews the book value of the investment on a quarterly basis and provides for diminution in the value of the investment based on the net worth of the investee company.
e) Impairment in the value of investment is made only if in the opinion of management when there is a permanent fall in value of investment.
8. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS
As at each Balance Sheet date, the carrying amount of assets is assessed as to whether there is any indication of impairment. If the estimated recoverable amount is found less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is recognised and assets are written down to their recoverable amount.
9. FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
The Company recognizes all Financial Assets other than non-current investments and Financial Liabilities at Fair Value on inception and subsequent measurements are done at amortised cost.
10. DEFERRED DEBTS
Unpaid installment payments under deferred payment terms for the cost of imported materials and tooling content of the equipment / products sold are accounted as deferred debts from the customer and are recovered as and when the installments are paid.
11. TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES
Liabilities are recognized for the amounts to be paid for the goods / services received whether billed by the supplier or not.
12. INVENTORIES
a) Inventories are valued at lower of Cost and Net Realisable Value.
b) The cost of raw material excluding Goods-in-Transit, components and stores are assigned by using the weighted average cost formula. Goods-in-Transit are valued at cost-to-date. In the case of Finished Goods, Stock-in-Trade and Work-InProgress, cost includes costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost includes Taxes and duties (other than Taxes and duties for which input credit is available).
c) Provision for redundancy is assessed on ageing at a suitable percentage / level of the value of closing inventory of raw material and components, stores and spare parts and construction material. Besides, wherever necessary, adequate provision is made for the redundancy of such materials in respect of completed / specific projects and other surplus / redundant material pending transfer to salvage stores.
d) Saleable / Disposable scrap is valued at Net Realisable Value.
e) Stores declared surplus / unserviceable / redundant are charged to revenue in the year of such identification.
f) Consumables issued from stores and lying unused at the end of the year are not reckoned as inventory.
13. REVENUE RECOGNITION
13.1. Manufacturing of Aircraft/ Helicopter/Spares/Repair Contracts
a) Revenue on Sale of Goods and Services is recognized at a point in time when the Company satisfies the performance obligation on transfer of control of the products to the Customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products pursuant to the Contract with customer. Revenue from service Warranty is recognized on straight line basis over the period of Warranty.
Transfer of Control happens on:
i. Acceptance by the buyer's Inspector, by way of Signaling Out Certificate (SOC)
or
Acceptance by the buyer's pilot, by way of Certificate of Conformity (COC), wherever, specifically required in the contract, in the case of Aircrafts/Helicopters,
ii. Acceptance by the Buyer's inspection agency/SOC or as agreed to by the Buyer, in the case of Repair& Overhaul of Aircraft/Helicopter/Engine, Rotables, Site repairs, Cat 'B' repair servicing etc.,
iii. For other deliverables like Spares, Revenue is recognized based on the Acceptance by the buyer's inspection agency or as agreed to by the buyer.
b) In case of Performance Based Logistic Contracts, Revenue is recognized over a period of time, based on Helicopter Availability Certificate, Jointly signed by Seller and Buyer.
c) Revenue is recognized based on the prices agreed with Customers. Where the prices are yet to be agreed/ determined, the revenue is recognised at the most likely amount based on past experience. Differential revenue, if any, is recognised on receipt of approval / sanction.
13.2. Development Contracts
a) Revenue is recognized over a period of time on incurrence of expenditure identifiable to work orders: i. where milestones have been defined, on achievement of milestone under the output method.
ii. where milestones have not been defined, on incurrence of expenditure under the input method.
b) Where the customer's sanction for revision is pending, the expenditure incurred is retained in work-in-progress/ intangible asset. Subsequent revenue is recognized on receipt of revised financial sanction from the customer.
13.3. Significant Financing Component
a) For the majority of the contracts, advance payments are received, prior to commencement of work and milestone payments are paid in accordance with the terms of the contract.
b) Payments received from customers in advance are not considered to be a significant financing component as they are given with the objective to protect the interest of the contracting parties.
13.4. Contract Modification
A contract modification exists when the change in scope is agreed but the corresponding change in price is not determined. In such circumstances, revenue is recognized, based on the Company's assessment of the estimated change in the transaction price arising from the modification.
13.5. Other Income
Interest Income is accrued on a time proportion basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable.
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the right to receive payment has been established.
14. Receivables
a) Receivables represent the Company's unconditional right to consideration under the contract. The right to consideration is considered unconditional, if only passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due.
b) Debts from the Government departments are generally treated as fully recoverable, based on past experience, and hence in the opinion of Management there is no increase in credit risk of such financial assets.
c) Impairment on account of expected credit loss is being assessed on a case to case basis in respect of dues outstanding for a significant period of time.
14.1. Contract Assets
Contract Assets represents the Company's right to receive the consideration in exchange for the Goods or Services that the Company has transferred to the Customer, when that right is conditioned on something other than passage of time.
15. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
a) Gratuity and Provident Fund are Defined Benefit Plans and the liability is provided on the basis of actuarial valuation in respect of eligible employees and is remitted to the trust progressively.
b) Provision for Earned leave is a Defined Benefit Plan and the liability is provided on the basis of actuarial valuation.
c) Pension Scheme and Post Superannuation Group Health Insurance Scheme for employees are Defined Contribution Plans and the contribution to the corpus of the same is made by the Company to the respective trust. The Company's liability is limited to the extent of contribution made to these trusts.
16. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTION/TRANSLATION a) Initial Recognition:
On initial recognition, transaction in foreign currencies, entered into by the Company, are recorded in the functional currency by applying to the foreign currency amount the spot exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
b) Measurement of Foreign currency items at reporting date:
Foreign currency monetary items are translated at closing exchange rates. Non- monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of transaction. Nonmonetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date when the fair value is measured.
c) Recognition of Exchange Difference:
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they are translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous financial statement is recognized in statement of profit and loss in the period in which they arise.
17. INCOME TAXES
a) Current Tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the provisions of Income Tax Act,1961(the "Act").
b) Deferred Tax is recognized using the Balance Sheet method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred Tax Assets in excess of Deferred Tax Liability are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. Deferred Tax Assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.
18. CLAIMS BY THE COMPANY
Claims on suppliers / underwriters / carriers towards loss / damages, claims for export subsidy, duty drawbacks, and claims on Customs department for refunds are accounted when claims are preferred.
19. provision and contingent liabilities
a) A provision is recognised, when the Company has the present obligation as result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which reliable estimate can be made.
b) Where no reliable estimate can be made or when there is a possible obligation or present obligations that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources, disclosure is made as Contingent Liability. Expected reimbursement, if any, is disclosed under Notes to Accounts.
c) When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
19.1 provision for warranty
Provision for warranty is recognized on actuarial valuation for Manufacturing and Repair and Overhaul of Aircraft/ Helicopter/Engine/Rotables and Spares and development activities etc.
19.2 PROviSION FOR LIQUIDATED DAMAGES
Provision for Liquidated Damages is recognized when the expected date of delivery of Goods / rendering of Service in respect of Manufacturing and Repair and Overhaul of Aircraft/Helicopter/Engine/Rotables, Spares and Development activities etc is beyond the due date as per delivery schedule and at the rates specified in the Contract with the Customer.
19.3 PROviSION FOR ONEROUS CONTRACTS
A provision for onerous contract is recognized when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from the contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. Before a provision is established, the Company recognizes any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.
20. ESTIMATES AND ERRORS
The Company revises its accounting policies if the change is required due to a change in Ind AS or if the change will provide more relevant and reliable information to the users of the financial statements. Changes in accounting policies are applied retrospectively unless it is impracticable to apply.
A change in an accounting estimate that results in changes in the carrying amounts of recognised assets or liabilities or to statement of profit and loss is applied prospectively in the period(s) of change.
When it is difficult to distinguish a change in an accounting policy from a change in an accounting estimate, the change is treated as a change in an accounting estimate.
Discovery of material errors results in revisions retrospectively by restating the comparative amounts of assets, liabilities, and equity of the earliest prior period in which the error is discovered. The opening balances of the earliest period presented are also restated.
21. EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD
Adjusting events are events that provide further evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period. The financial statements are adjusted for such events before authorisation for issue.
Non-adjusting events are events that are indicative of conditions that arose after the end of the reporting period. Nonadjusting events after the reporting date are not accounted.
22. The functional currency of the Company is Indian Rupee.
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