Note 1: Corporate Information

The Indian Hotels Company Limited ("IHCL" or the "Company"), is primarily engaged in the business of owning, operating & managing hotels, palaces and resorts.

The Company is domiciled and incorporated in India in 1902 and has its registered office at Mandlik House, Mandlik Road, Mumbai - 400 001, India. It is promoted by Tata Sons Private Limited (formerly Tata Sons Limited), which holds a significant stake in the Company.

The financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2024 were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on April 24, 2024.

Note 2: Basis of Preparation, Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements, Material Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The financial statements have been prepared on the following basis:

(a)    Statement of Compliance

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS") as prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and other provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 as amended from time to time.

(b)    Basis of Preparation

These financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique.

All assets and liabilities are classified as current and non-current as per company's normal operating cycle of 12 months which is based on the nature of business of the Company. Current Assets do not include elements which are not expected to be realised within 1 year and Current Liabilities do not include items which are due after 1 year, the period of 1 year being reckoned from the reporting date.

(c) Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements

The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with the recognition and measurement principles of Ind AS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions, that affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities, disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses for the years presented. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

In particular, information about significant areas of estimation, uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements pertain to:

-    Useful Lives of Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets: The Company has estimated useful life of each class of assets based on the nature of assets, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating condition of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, etc. The Company reviews the useful life of property, plant and equipment and Intangible assets as at the end of each reporting period. This reassessment may result in change in depreciation expense in future periods.

-    Impairment Testing: Property, plant and equipment, Right-of-Use assets and intangible assets that are subject to depreciation/ amortisation are tested for impairment periodically including when events occur or changes in circumstances indicate that the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is less than its carrying value. The recoverable amount of cash generating units is higher of value-in-use and fair value less cost to sell. The calculation involves use of significant estimates and assumptions which includes turnover and earnings multiples, growth rates and net margins used to calculate projected future cash flows, risk-adjusted discount rate, future economic and market conditions.

-    Impairment of Investments: The Company reviews its carrying value of investments carried at cost or amortised cost annually, or more frequently when there is indication for impairment. If the recoverable amount is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is accounted for.

-    Income Taxes: Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is regarded as probable that deductible temporary differences can be realised. The Company estimates deferred tax assets and liabilities based on current tax laws and rates and in certain cases, business plans, including management's expectations regarding the manner and timing of recovery of the related assets. Changes in these estimates may affect the amount of deferred tax liabilities or the valuation of deferred tax assets and thereby the tax charge in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Provision for tax liabilities require judgements on the interpretation of tax legislation, developments in case laws and the potential outcomes of tax audits and appeals which may be subject to significant uncertainty. Therefore, the actual results may vary from expectations resulting in adjustments to provisions, the valuation of deferred tax assets, cash tax settlements and therefore the tax charge in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

-    Loyalty Programme: The Company estimates the fair value of points awarded under the Loyalty programme by applying statistical techniques. Inputs include making assumptions about expected breakages, the mix of products that will be available for redemption in the future and customer preferences, redemption at own hotels and other participating hotels.

The Company assesses whether the loyalty points provide a material right to the customer that needs to be accounted for as a separate performance obligation. The Company determines that the loyalty points provide a material right that the customer would not exercise without entering into the contract.

-    Fair Value Measurement of Derivative and other Financial Instruments: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined by using valuation techniques. This involves significant judgements in the selection of

a method in making assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at the Balance Sheet date and in identifying the most appropriate estimate of fair value when a wide range of fair value measurements are possible.

-    Litigation: From time to time, the Company is subject to legal proceedings, the ultimate outcome of each being always subject to many uncertainties inherent in litigation. A provision for litigation is made when it is considered probable that a payment will be made and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgement is made when evaluating, among other factors, the probability of unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of potential loss. Litigation provisions are reviewed at each accounting period and revisions made for the changes in facts and circumstances.

-    Defined Benefit Plans: The cost of the defined benefit plans and the present value of the defined benefit obligation are based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.

-    Leases:

Critical Judgements in Determining the Lease Term: Ind AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to Company's operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability

of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances.

Critical Judgements in Determining the Discount Rate: The Company cannot readily determine the interest rate implicit in the lease, therefore, it uses its incremental borrowing rate (IBR) to measure lease liabilities. The discount rate is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.

Material Accounting Policies

(d) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognised at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to a customer i.e. on transfer of control of the goods or service to the customer. Revenue from sales of goods or rendering of services is net of Indirect taxes, returns and variable consideration on account of discounts and schemes offered by the company as part of the contract.

Income from Operations

Rooms, Food and Beverage & Banquets: Revenue is recognised at the transaction price that is allocated to the performance obligation. Revenue includes room revenue, food and beverage sale and banquet services which is recognised once the rooms are occupied, food and beverages are sold and banquet services have been provided as per the contract with the customer.

Space and Shop Rentals: Rentals basically consists of rental revenue earned from letting of spaces for retails and office at the properties. These contracts for rentals are generally of short term in nature. Revenue is recognised in the period in which services are being rendered.

Other Allied Services: In relation to laundry income, communication income, health club income, airport transfers income and other allied services, the revenue has been recognised by reference to the time of service rendered.

Management and Operating Fees: Management fees earned from hotels managed by the Company are usually under long-term contracts with the hotel owner. Under Management and Operating Agreements,

the Company's performance obligation is to provide hotel management services and a license to use the Company's trademark and other intellectual property.

Management and incentive fee is earned as a percentage of revenue and profit and are recognised when earned in accordance with the terms of the contract based on the underlying revenue, when collectability is certain and when the performance criteria are met. Both are treated as variable consideration.

Membership Fees: Membership fee income majorly consists of membership fees received from the loyalty programme and Chamber membership fees. In respect of performance obligations satisfied over a period of time, revenue is recognised at the allocated transaction price on a time-proportion basis.

Loyalty Program: The Company is a co-partner in a loyalty programme, which is administered by a third party. This programme provides a material right to customers, in the form of award points, on eligible spends. The promise to provide the discount through award points to the customer is therefore a separate performance obligation. The points so earned by such customers are accumulated and have a fixed redemption price. The revenues related to award points pertaining to the Company is deferred and a contract liability is created at the time of initial sales basis the points awarded to the customer and the likelihood of redemption, as evidenced by the Company's historical experience. On redemption or expiry of such award points, revenue is recognised at pre-determined rates.

Contract Balances

a)    Contract Assets

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional.

b)    Contract Liabilities

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a

contract liability is recognised when the payment is made. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract (refer note 34(iii) for details on contract liabilities recognised by the Company).

(e) Employee Benefits

i.    Short Term-Employment Benefits:

Short term employee benefits are expensed as the related services are provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

ii.    Post-Employment Benefits:

Defined Contribution Plans

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts.

a) Provident and Family Pension Fund

The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive post-employment benefits in respect of provident and family pension fund, in which both the employees and the Company make monthly contributions at a specified percentage of the employee's eligible salary (currently 12% of employee's eligible salary). The contributions are made to the provident fund managed by the trust set up by the Company, or to the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC) which are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

In respect of contribution to RPFC, the Company has no further obligations beyond making the contribution, and hence, such employee benefit plan is classified as Defined Contribution Plan. In respect to contribution to provident fund managed by the trust set up by the Company refer (c) Provident Fund Trust below.

b) Superannuation

The Company has a defined contribution plan for eligible employees, wherein it annually contributes a sum equivalent to a defined percentage of the eligible employee's annual basic salary to a fund administered by the trustees. The Company recognises such contributions as an expense in the year in which the corresponding services are received from the employee.

Defined Benefit Plans

The Company operates various defined benefit plans, which requires contributions to be made to a separately administered fund. The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method and is performed by a qualified actuary.

a)    Gratuity Fund

The Company makes annual contributions to gratuity funds administered by the trustees for amounts notified by the funds. The Gratuity plan provides for lump sum payment to vested employees on retirement, death or termination of employment of an amount based on the respective employee's last drawn salary and tenure of employment. The obligation determined as aforesaid less the fair value of the plan assets is reported as a liability or asset as of the reporting date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in Other Comprehensive Income and reflected in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

b)    Post-Retirement Pension Scheme and Medical Benefits

The Company has funded and unfunded Pension schemes, which guarantee a minimum pension to retired whole time directors, and categories of employees, and unfunded post-employment medical benefits to qualifying employees. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in Other Comprehensive Income and reflected in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

c) Provident Fund Trust

In respect of contribution to the trust set up by the Company, since the Company is obligated to meet interest shortfall, if any, with respect to covered employees, such employee benefit plan is classified as Defined Benefit Plan.

iii. Other Long-term Employee Benefits - The

Company provides for encashment of leave or leave with pay subject to certain rules. The employees are entitled to accumulate leave subject to certain limits for future encashment / availment. The Company makes provision for compensated absences based on an independent actuarial valuation carried out at the end of the year. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(f) Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation (other than freehold land) and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

All property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at cost. Cost includes the acquisition cost or the cost of construction, including duties and non-refundable taxes, expenses directly related to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for making them operational for their intended use and, in the case of qualifying assets, the attributable borrowing costs (refer note no. 2(n)). All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred. First time issues of operating supplies for a new hotel property, consisting of linen and chinaware, glassware and silverware (CGS) are capitalised and depreciated over their estimated useful life.

Subsequent expenditure relating to property, plant and equipment is capitalised only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

An asset's carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset's carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

Depreciation is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss so as to expense the cost of assets (other than freehold land and properties under construction) less their residual values over their useful lives, using the

straight line method, as per the useful life prescribed in part "C" of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except in respect of the following categories of assets, in whose case the life of the assets had been re-assessed as under based on technical evaluation, taking into account the nature of the asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers' warranties and maintenance support, etc.

In respect of buildings on leasehold land, depreciation is based on the tenure which is lower of the life of the buildings or the expected lease period. Improvements to owned/ leased buildings are depreciated based on their estimated useful lives/ expected lease period.

The assets' estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the Balance Sheet date and the effect of any changes in estimates are accounted for on a prospective basis.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Proportionate depreciation is charged for the addition and disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment made during the year.

For transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognised as of April 1, 2015 (transition date) measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

Capital work in progress represents projects under which the property, plant and equipment are not yet ready for their intended use and are carried at cost determined as aforesaid.

(g) Intangible Assets

Intangible assets include cost of acquired software and designs, and cost incurred for development of the Company's website and certain contract acquisition costs. Intangible assets are initially measured at acquisition cost including any directly attributable costs of preparing the asset for its intended use and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

Expenditure on projects which are not yet ready for intended use are carried as intangible assets under development.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over their estimated useful life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. The estimated useful life used for amortising intangible assets is as under:

An intangible asset is de-recognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

For transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognised as of April 1, 2015 (transition date) measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

(h) Leases

On inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether it contains a lease. A contract contains a lease when it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The right to use the asset and the obligation under the lease to make payments are recognised in the Company's statement of financial position as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability.

Right-of-Use Assets

The right-of-use asset recognised at lease commencement includes the amount of lease liability recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter of the asset's estimated useful life and the lease term. Right-of-use assets are also adjusted for any re-measurement of lease liabilities and are subject to impairment testing. Residual value is reassessed annually.

Lease Liabilities

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including 'in-substance fixed' payments) and variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, less any lease incentives receivable, and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the exercise of an option to terminate the lease. 'In-substance fixed' payments are payments that may, in form, contain variability but that, in substance, are unavoidable. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date if the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable.

The lease term includes periods subject to extension options which the Company is reasonably certain to exercise and excludes the effect of early termination options where the Company is reasonably certain that it will not exercise the option.

After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is re-measured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the 'in-substance fixed' lease payments or as a result of a rent review or change in the relevant index or rate.

Variable Lease

Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as an expense in the period over which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

Short-term Leases and Leases of Low-Value Assets

The Company has opted not to apply the lease accounting model to intangible assets, leases of low-value assets or leases which have a lease term of 12 months or less and don't contain purchase option. Costs associated with such leases are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(i) Impairment of Assets

Assets that are subject to amortisation are reviewed for impairment periodically including whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from other assets, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

(k)    Inventories

Stock of food and beverages and stores and operating supplies are carried at the lower of cost (computed on a Weighted Average basis) or net realisable value. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. Cost includes the fair value of consideration paid including duties and taxes (other than those refundable), inward freight, and other expenditure directly attributable to the purchase. Trade discounts and rebates are deducted in determining the cost of purchase.

(l)    Income Taxes

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during the year. Current and deferred tax are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity, respectively.

(i)    Current Tax:

Current tax expenses are accounted in the same period to which the revenue and expenses relate. Provision for current income tax is made for the tax liability payable on taxable income after considering tax allowances, deductions and exemptions determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the prevailing tax laws.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

(ii)    Deferred Tax:

Deferred income tax is recognised using the balance sheet approach. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in financial statements, except when the deferred tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill, an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither

accounting nor taxable profits or loss at the time of the transaction. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Company intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

(m) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a binding present obligation. This may be either legal because it derives from a contract, legislation or other operation of law, or constructive because the Company created valid expectations on the part of third parties by accepting certain responsibilities. To record such an obligation, it must be probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made for the amount of the obligation. The amount recognised as a provision and the indicated time range of the outflow of economic benefits are the best estimate (most probable outcome) of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. Non-current provisions are discounted if the impact is material.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

A contingent asset is not recognised but disclosed in the financial statements where an inflow of economic benefit is probable.

Provisions, contingent assets and contingent liabilities are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

(n)    Borrowing Costs

General and specific borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

Interest income earned on temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation. Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to a qualifying asset are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss using the effective interest method.

(o)    Statement of Cash Flows

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/ (loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments.

(p)    Exceptional Items

Exceptional items are disclosed separately in the financial statements where it is necessary to do so to provide further understanding of the financial performance of the Company. These are material items

of income or expense that have to be shown separately due to their nature or incidence.

(q) Financial Instruments (I) Financial Assets

Initial Recognition and Measurement

Financial assets are recognised when, and only when, the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument. The Company determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition.

When financial assets are recognised initially, they are measured at fair value, plus, in the case of financial assets not at fair value through profit or loss directly attributable transaction costs. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss. However, trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price.

Classification

-    Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

-    Debt Instruments - The Company classifies its debt instruments as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through Other Comprehensive Income or fair value through profit or loss based on its business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

(i) Financial Assets at Amortised Cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost if these financial assets are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest.

Interest income from these financial assets is included as a part of the Company's income in the Statement of Profit and Loss using the effective interest rate method.

(ii)    Financial Assets at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)

Financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income if these financial assets are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets' cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest. Movements in the carrying value are taken through Other Comprehensive Income, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains or losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reclassified from Other Comprehensive Income to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest income on such financial assets is included as a part of the Company's income in the Statement of Profit and Loss using the effective interest rate method.

(iii)    Financial Assets at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on such debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVTPL and is not part of a hedging relationship as well as interest income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

- Equity Instruments - The Company subsequently measures all equity investments (other than the investment in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates which are

measured at cost) at fair value. Where the Company has elected to present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in Other Comprehensive Income ("FVOCI"), there is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss. Dividends from such investments are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as other income when the Company's right to receive payment is established.

The Company has made an irrevocable election to present in Other Comprehensive Income subsequent changes in the fair value of equity investments that are not held for trading.

When the equity investment is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reclassified from Other Comprehensive Income to the Retained Earnings directly.

Interest

Interest income is accrued on a time proportion basis using the effective interest rate method.

Dividend

Dividend income is recognised when the Company's right to receive the amount is established.

De-Recognition

A financial asset is derecognised only when the Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset. Where the Company has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Where the Company has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.

(II) Financial Liabilities

Initial Recognition and Measurement

Financial liabilities are recognised when, and only when, the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument. The Company determines the classification of its financial liabilities at initial recognition.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value, plus, in the case of financial liabilities not at fair value, through profit or loss directly attributable transaction costs.

Subsequent Measurement

After initial recognition, financial liabilities that are not carried at fair value through profit or loss are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised, and through the amortisation process.

De-Recognition

A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Equity Instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

(III) Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 on Financial Instruments, requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. For trade receivables only, the Company recognises expected lifetime losses using the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109, from initial recognition of the receivables. For other financial assets (not being equity instruments or debt instruments measured subsequently at FVTPL) the expected credit losses are measured at the 12 month expected credit losses or an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition.

(r)    Financial Guarantee Contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument.

Financial guarantee contracts liabilities issued by the Company are measured initially at their fair values and recognised as income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Where guarantees in relation to loans or other payables of group companies are provided for no compensation, the fair value are accounted for as contributions and recognised as part of cost of investment.

(s)    Recent Accounting Pronouncements

(i) New and Amended Standards Adopted by the Company:

The Company has applied the following amendments for the first time for their annual reporting period commencing April 1, 2023:

Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors

The amendments to Ind AS 8 clarify the distinction between changes in accounting estimates, changes in accounting policies and the correction of errors. They also clarify how entities use measurement techniques and inputs to develop accounting estimates.

Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements

The amendments to Ind AS 1 provide guidance and examples to help entities apply materiality judgements to accounting policy disclosures. The amendments aim to help entities provide accounting policy disclosures that are more useful by replacing the requirement for entities to disclose their 'significant' accounting policies with a requirement to disclose their 'material' accounting policies and adding guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures. This amendment do not have any material impact on the Company's financial statements and disclosures.

Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes

The amendments to Ind AS 12 Income Tax narrow the scope of the initial recognition exception, so that it no longer applies to transactions that give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences such as leases and decommissioning liabilities.

The above amendments did not have any material impact on the amounts recognised in prior periods and are not expected to significantly affect the current or future periods.

(ii) New Standards/Amendments notified but not yet effective:

Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. During the year ended March 31, 2024, MCA has not notified any new standards or amendments to the existing standards applicable to the Company.