Note 2.1 : Material Accounting Policies
a) Statement of compliance:
These financial statements are prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standard (referred to as “Ind AS”)
notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015
and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter.
Accounting Policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially
adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.
b) Basis of preparation and presentation:
1) Basis of preparation:
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with historical cost basis except for the following
assets and liabilities :
i) Certain financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value;
ii) Assets held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying value and fair value less costs to sell; and
iii) Defined benefit plans where plan assets are measured at fair value.
2) Functional and presentation currency:
The Company's presentation and functional currency is in Indian rupees. All amounts in these financial
statements, except per share value and unless stated otherwise, have been rounded off and presented in lakhs.
3) Classification of assets and liabilities into current / non-current:
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet based on current / non-current classification.
All the assets and liabilities have been classified as current / non-current as per the Company's normal operating
cycle and other criteria set out in Division II to Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013.
Based on the nature of activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their
realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the
purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.
c) Use of estimates:
The estimates and judgements used in the preparation of the financial statements are continuously evaluated by the
Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations
of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances.
Differences between actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known /
materialised. The management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of financial statements are prudent
and reasonable. The said estimates are based on the facts and events, that existed as at the reporting date, or that
occurred after that date but provide additional evidence about conditions existing as at the reporting date.
Critical estimates and judgements :
This note provides an overview of the areas that involved a higher degree of judgement or complexity, and items
which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turning out to be different than those
originally assessed. Detailed information about each of these estimates and judgements is included in relevant notes
together with information about the basis of calculation for each affected line item in the financial statements.
a) property, plant ana equipment ("PPt"):
The initial cost of an item of PPE comprises its purchase price net of any trade discounts and rebates and includes
import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the tax authorities) and any other
directly attributable expenditure incurred in making the asset ready for its intended use, including interest on borrowings
attributable to acquisition of qualifying assets up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use. Subsequent
expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will
flow to the Company.
Material items such as spare parts, stand-by-equipment and service equipment are classified as PPE when they meet
the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16- property, plant and equipment.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal
or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition
of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is
included in the statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
Increases in the carrying amount arising on revaluation of PPE are credited to revaluation surplus in other comprehensive
income. However, such increases are recognized in profit or loss to the extent that they reverse a revaluation decrease
of the same asset previously recognized in profit or loss. Decreases that offset previous increases of the same asset
are charged against revaluation surplus directly in equity; all other decreases are charged to the statement of profit
and loss.
The revaluation surplus included in equity in respect of an item of PPE is transferred directly to retained earnings when
the asset is derecognized. Depreciation on revalued assets is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
The fair value related to free hold and leasehold land is generally determined based on market evidence appraisals
undertaken by professionally qualified Independent valuers.
e) Capital work in progress:
Capital work in progress is stated at cost, net of impairment losses, if any.
f) Depreciation:
The Company provides depreciation as per the useful life of PPE as per Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.
Depreciation is provided on Straight Line Method on all PPE including revaluation assets at the rates and in the
manner prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, except in the case of following assets:
Nature of asset Useful life
Leasehold Land and Building Lease term
Leasehold Land (Naroda, Ahmedabad) 99 Years
Plant and Equipment 3 to 20 Years
Furniture and Fixture 5 to 10 Years
Office Equipment 5 Years
Vehicle 3 to 6 Years
Temporary shed Remaining lease term
Assets costing less than ?5,000/- are fully depreciated in the year of capitalisation. Depreciation on additions
/ deductions to PPE made during the year is provided on pro-rata basis from / upto the date of such additions /
deductions, as the case may be.
g) Intangible assets:
Intangible assets that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated
impairment, if any. The Company determines the amortisation period as the period over which the future economic
benefits will flow to the Company after taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances. The estimated useful
life and amortisation method are reviewed periodically, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for
on a prospective basis.
Nature of asset Useful life
Computer software 3 years
h) Borrowing costs:
General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a
qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its
intended use or sale. Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset
that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the
cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of
interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
i) Assets held for sale:
Non-current assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered through a sale transaction
rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the
asset is available for sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sale of such
assets.Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less
costs to sell. Property, plant and equipment classified as held for sale are not depreciated.
j) Leases:
The Company's lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for Land and Buildings. The Company assesses
whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract
conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess
whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:
(i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset
(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease
and
(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.
At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding
lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less
(short-term leases) and leases of low value assets. For these short-term and leases of low value assets, the Company
recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
k) Impairment of non-financial asset:
Non-financial assets other than inventories and non-current assets held for sale are reviewed at each Balance
Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, or when annual
impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. The recoverable
amount is higher of the asset's or cash generating unit's (CGU) fair value less cost of disposal and its value in use.
Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are
largely independent of those from other assets or group of assets.
When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and
is written down to its recoverable amount.
l) Inventories:
1) Inventories are valued as follows:
Raw materials and packing materials are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value (NRV). Cost is
determined on FIFO basis. The cost of inventory comprises of its purchase price, including non-refundable
purchase taxes, and any directly attributable costs related to the inventories.
2) Work-in-process is valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of finished goods and WIP includes
cost of raw materials, direct labour, other direct costs and related production overheads upto the relevant stage
of production. Cost of inventories is computed on FIFO basis.
3) Stock in trade is valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of
completion and / or estimated costs necessary to make sale.
m) Foreign currency transactions:
The transactions in currencies other than the Company's functional currency are translated at the rates of exchange
prevailing at the dates of the transaction. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign
currencies are translated at the year end exchange rates. Foreign exchange gains and losses arising from such
translation are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Foreign exchange differences regarded as adjustments to borrowing costs are presented in the statement of profit and
loss, within finance cost. All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the statement of profit and loss
on a net basis within other gains / losses.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using exchange
rate as on the date of initial recognition.
n) Revenue recognition:
The Company derives revenues primarily from sale of manufactured goods, traded goods, services.
Revenue is recognised on satisfaction of performance obligation upon transfer of control of promised products or
services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for
those products or services.
The Company does not expect to have any contracts where the period between the transfer of the promised goods or
services to the customer and payment by the customer exceeds one year. As a consequence, it does not adjust any
of the transaction prices for the time value of money.
The Company satisfies a performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time, if one of the following criteria is
met:
1. The customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company; or
2. The Company's performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or
enhanced; or
3. The Company's performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company and an entity has
an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.
For performance obligations where one of the above conditions are not met, revenue is recognised at the point in time
at which the performance obligation is satisfied.
Revenue from sale of products are recognised at a time on which the performance obligation is satisfied.
Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding on effective interest
rate.
Recoveries from group Companies and third parties include recoveries towards common facilities / resources and
other support provided to such parties which is recognised as per terms of agreement and in the year in which such
services are rendered.
o) Income taxes:
Current tax is the amount of tax payable on taxable income for the year determined in accordance with the applicable
tax rates and provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form
of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company
will pay normal income tax. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is highly probable
that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.
Deferred income tax is recognised on differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the Balance
Sheet and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and is accounted for using the
liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences and deferred
tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward tax losses and allowances
to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary
differences, carry forward tax losses and allowances can be utilised. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities
are measured at applicable tax rates and offset and presented as net.
Current and deferred tax is recognised in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other
comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or
directly in equity, respectively.
p) Fair value measurement:
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value is based on the presumption that the transaction
to sell the assets or transfer the liability takes place either:
1) In the principal market for the asset or liability; or
2) In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market which can be accessed by the Company
for the asset or liability.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use
when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest. The
Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are
available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of
unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised
within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair
value measurement as a whole:
i) Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
ii) Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement
is directly or indirectly observable;
iii) Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement
is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company
determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation
(based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each
reporting period.
q) Financial assets:
Initial recognition and measurement:
Financial assets are recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109 on financial instruments. Accordingly,
the Company recognises financial asset only when it has a contractual right to receive cash or other financial assets
from another entity.
Financial assets are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs directly attributable to its acquisition. The
transaction costs incurred for the purchase of financial assets held at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in
the statement of profit and loss immediately.
Subsequent measurement:
Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets are measured at amortised cost, fair value through other
comprehensive income (FVOCI) or fair value through profit and loss (FVPL). The classification depends on the
Company's business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.
1) Debt instruments:
There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments:
At amortised cost:
Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments
of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are accounted for at amortised cost
using the effective interest method. This category comprises trade accounts receivable, loans, cash and cash
equivalents, bank balances and other financial assets. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently
measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the statement of profit
and loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in
finance income using the effective interest rate method.
Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI):
Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the
assets' cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at fair value through other
comprehensive income (FVOCI). The movements in carrying amount are taken through other comprehensive
income, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains
and losses which are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. When the financial asset is derecognised,
the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to
the statement of profit and loss and recognised in other gains / (losses). Interest income from these financial
assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method.
Fair value through profit or loss (FVPL):
Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at FVPL. A gain or loss on a debt
instrument that is subsequently measured at FVPL and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the
statement of profit and loss and presented within other gains / (losses) in the period in which it arises. Interest
income from these financial assets is included in other income.
2) Equity investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for
trading are classified as at FVPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company decides to classify the same
either as at FVOCI or FVPL. The Company makes such election on an instrument by instrument basis.
The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable. Equity instruments included within the FVPL
category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the profit or loss.
Derecognition:
A Financial asset is primarily derecognised when:
(i) The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
(ii) The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation
to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through'
arrangement; and either
1) The Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or
2) The Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset,
but has transferred control of the asset.
On de-recognition, any gains or losses on all debt instruments (other than debt instruments measured at FVOCI)
and equity instruments (measured at FVPL) are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Gains and losses
in respect of debt instruments measured at FVOCI and that are accumulated in OCI are reclassified to profit
or loss on de-recognition. Gains or losses on equity instruments measured at FVOCI that are recognised and
accumulated in OCI are not reclassified to profit or loss on de-recognition.
Impairment of Financial Asset:
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and
recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:
(i) Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured at amortised cost e.g. loans, debt securities,
deposits and bank balance.
(ii) For trade receivables, the Company uses a simplified approach as permitted under Ind AS 109
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(iv) In case of other assets (listed as (i) and (ii) above), the Company determines if there has been a significant
increase in credit risk of the financial asset since initial recognition. If the credit risk of such assets has not
increased significantly, an amount equal to 12-month ECL is measured and recognised as loss allowance.
However, if credit risk has increased significantly, an amount equal to lifetime ECL is measured and
recognised as loss allowance.
Trade Receivables
Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course
of business and reflects Company's unconditional right to consideration (that is, payment is due only on the
passage of time). Trade receivables are recognised initially at the transaction price as they do not contain
significant financing components. The Company holds the trade receivables with the objective of collecting the
contractual cash flows and therefore measures them subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest
method, less loss allowance.
i Financial Liabilities:
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of
directly attributable transaction costs. The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and
borrowings.
Subsequent measurement:
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or Ioss:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as
fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or
loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities
designated as FVPL, fair value gains / losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These
gains / losses are not subsequently transferred to profit or loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative
gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit and
loss.
Financial liabilities at amortised cost:
Financial liabilities classified and measured at amortised cost such as loans and borrowings are initially recognised
at fair value, net of transaction cost incurred. After initial recognition, financial liabilities are subsequently measured at
amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when
the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking
into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR
amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition:
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When
an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms
of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition
of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is
recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
Borrowings:
Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently
measured at amortised cost. Any differences between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption
amount is recognised in profit or loss over the period of the borrowing using the effective interest method.
Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is
probable that some or all of the facilities will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the drawdown occurs.
The borrowings are removed from the Balance Sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged,
cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability that has been extinguished or
transferred to another party and the consideration paid including any noncash asset transferred or liabilities assumed,
is recognised in profit or loss as other gains / (losses).
Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement
of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. Where there is a breach of a material provision of
a long term loan arrangement on or before the end of the reporting period with the effect that the liability becomes
payable on demand on the reporting date, the Company does not classify the liability as current, if the lender agreed,
after the reporting period and before the approval of the financial statement for issue, not to demand payment as a
consequence of the breach.
s) Employee benefits:
1) Short term employee benefits:
The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services
rendered by employees is recognised during the period when the employee renders the services. These benefits
include compensated absences such as paid annual leave and performance incentives.
2) Long term employee benefits:
The Company provides post-employment benefits under defined contribution and / or defined benefit plans:
(i) Defined benefit plan:
For defined benefit plan, the cost of providing benefits is determined using projected unit credit method with
actuarial valuations being carried out at each Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains or losses are recognised
in full in other comprehensive income for the period in which they occur. Past service costs both vested
and unvested are recognised as an expense (a) when the plan amendment or curtailment occurs ; (b)
when the entity recognises related restructuring cost or termination benefits, whichever is earlier. The
retirement benefits obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of defined
benefit obligations reduced by the fair value of plan assets.
(ii) Defined contribution plans:
Contribution to defined contribution plans are recognized as an expense when the employees have
rendered services entitling them to such benefits.
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