1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
K.P. Energy Limited ("the Company”) was incorporated on January 8, 2010 as a Private Limited Company in India. Its registered office is located at "KP House", Opp. Ishwar Farm Junction BRTS, Near Bliss IVF Circle, Canal Road, Bhatar, Surat - 395017, Gujarat. The financial statements are prepared as per Ind AS prescribed under the Companies Act, 2013. The Company is primarily engaged in Wind Farm development, development of Wind power projects and allied services related to it along with generation of electricity through wind power generating assets and operation and maintenance services of wind power projects primarily in India.
2. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
These financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) under the historical cost convention on the accural basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ('the act') (to the extent notified) and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rule, 2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules, 2019.
The Company has adopted all the Ind AS standards. The financial statements have been prepared on accrual and going concern basis. The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the periods presented in the financial statements except where a newly-issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use. All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria as set out in the Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current or non-current classification of assets and liabilities.
The financial statements are presented in INR, the functional currency of the Company. Items included in the financial statements of the Company are recorded using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (the 'functional currency').
The financial statements of the Company for the year ended March 31, 2024 were approved for issue in accordance with the resolution of the Board of Directors on April 22, 2024.
3. USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the Management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. The application of accounting policies that require critical accounting estimates involving complex and subjective judgments and the use of assumptions in these financial statements have been disclosed in Note 4 Accounting estimates could change from period to period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Appropriate changes in estimates are made as the Management becomes aware of the changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.
4. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
a. Revenue recognition
The Company uses the percentage-of-completion method in accounting for its fixed-price contracts. The use of the percentage-of-completion method requires the Company to estimate the efforts or costs expended to date as a proportion of the total efforts or costs to be expended. Efforts or costs expended have been used to measure progress towards completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity. Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the expected contract estimates at the reporting date.
b. Taxes
Current income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in India where the Company operates and generates taxable income.
Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits (Minimum alternate tax credit entitlement) and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised. Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity).
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
Minimum alternate tax
Ind AS 12 defines deferred tax to include carry forward of unused tax credits. MAT credits are in the form of unused tax credits that are carried forward by the entity for a specified period of time. Accordingly, MAT credit entitlement should be shown seprately in the balance sheet.
c. Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset's expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of the Company's assets are determined by the Management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end. The lives are based on historical
experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technology.
Material Accounting Policies
5. CURRENT VERSUS NON-CURRENT CLASSIFICATION
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle*;
• Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period; or
• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle*;
• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;
• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or
• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
6. REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable, after deduction of any trade discounts, volume rebates and any taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government which are levied on sales such as goods and services tax and other applicable taxes etc.
The Company applies the revenue recognition criteria to each separately identifiable component of the sales transaction as set out below:
Sale of goods
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership in the goods are transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the contract, there is neither continuing managerial involvement with the goods nor effective control over the goods sold, it is probable that economic benefits will flow to the Company, the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably.
Sale of power
Revenue from sale of power is recognized when there is actual transmission of power and considerable certainty for recoverability of the revenue exists once the actual transmission of power is confirmed from the regulatory authorities. The Company recognises the revenue from sale of power as unbilled revenue on monthly basis and the same is settled after the Company receives the confirmation from regulatory authorities and the customer in respect of the actual units transmitted and thereafter the actual Invoice is raised to the customer and the same is settled against the unbilled revenue recognised for the said customer. Revenue from the end of the last billing to the Balance Sheet date is recognized as unbilled revenues.
Revenue from Infrastructure development and work contract income
Revenue on time-and-material contracts are recognized as the related services are performed and revenue from the end of the last billing to the Balance Sheet date is recognized as unbilled revenues. Revenue from fixed-price, fixed-timeframe contracts, where there is no uncertainty as to measurement or collectability of consideration, is recognized as per the percentage-of-completion method. When there is uncertainty as to the measurement or ultimate collectability, revenue recognition is postponed until such uncertainty is resolved. Efforts or costs expended have been used to measure progress towards completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity. Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates. Costs and earnings in excess of billings are classified as unbilled revenue while billings in excess of costs and earnings are classified as unearned revenue. Deferred contract costs are amortized over the term of the contract. Maintenance revenue is recognized rateably over the term of the underlying maintenance arrangement.
Interest income
Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and rate applicable. Interest income is recognised using the effective interest rate (EIR) method.
For all Financial Assets measured at amortized cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR) i.e. the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash
receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the net carrying amount of the financial assets. The future cash flows include all other transaction costs paid or received, premiums or discounts if any, etc.
Dividend income
Dividend income is recognised at the time when right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when the shareholders approve the dividend.
7. INVENTORY
Inventories are valued as follows:
Raw materials, stores and spares
Raw materials, components, stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of raw materials, components and stores and spares is determined on a "First-in, First-out” basis and includes interest on raw materials as a carrying cost of materials where such materials are stored for a substantial period of time. Stores and spares having useful life of more than twelve months are capitalised as tangible assets under "Property, plant and equipment” and are depreciated prospectively over their remaining useful lives in accordance with Ind AS 16.
Work-in-progress
Lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes raw material cost and a proportion of direct and indirect overheads up to estimated stage of completion.
8. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Costs directly attributable to acquisition are capitalized until the property, plant and equipment are ready for use, as intended by the Management. The Company depreciates property, plant and equipment over their estimated useful lives using the Straight Line method.
Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end.
Building (Temporary structure) | 3 years (1)
Building (Permanent structure) | 60 years (1)
Computer equipment | 3 years (1)
Electrical installation and equipment | 10 years (1)
Furniture and fixtures | 10 years (1)
Vehicles (Heavy) | 8 years (1)
Vehicles (Others) | 10 years (1)
Office equipment | 5 years (1)
Plant and machinery | 15 years (1)
Wind power generation plant | 22 years (1)
Freehold land is not depreciated.
(1) Based on technical evaluation, the Management believes that the useful lives as given above best represent the period over which the Management expects to use these assets. Hence, the useful lives
for these assets may be different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end.
Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each Balance Sheet date is classified as capital advances under other non-current assets and the cost of assets not put to use before such date are disclosed under 'Capital work-in-progress'. Subsequent expenditures relating to property, plant and equipment are capitalized only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Repairs and maintenance costs are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred. The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial statements upon sale or retirement of the asset and the resultant gains or losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying value or the fair value less cost to sell.
9. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment. Intangible assets are amortized over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are available for use. The estimated useful life of an identifiable intangible asset is based on a number of factors including the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, and other economic factors (such as the stability of the industry, and known technological advances), and the level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset. Amortization methods and useful lives are reviewed periodically including at each financial year end.
10. INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES, ASSOCIATES AND JOINT VENTURES
Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint venture, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
11. BORROWING COST
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of
interest calculated using the effective interest rate (EIR) and other costs like finance charges in respect of the finance leases recognised in accordance with Ind AS 17, that an entity incurs in connection with held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. Further, in cases where the Company has made an irrevocable election based on its business model, for its investments which are classified as equity instruments, the subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income.
12. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
12.1. Initial recognition
The Company recognizes financial assets and financial liabilities when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets and liabilities are recognized at fair value on initial recognition, except for trade receivables which are initially measured at transaction price. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities that are not at fair value through profit or loss, are added to the fair value on initial recognition. Regular way purchase and sale of financial assets are accounted for at trade date.
If the Company determines that the fair value at initial recognition differs from the transaction price, the Company accounts for that instrument at that date as follows:
• at the measurement basis mentioned above if that fair value is evidenced by a quoted price in an active market for an identical asset or liability (i.e. a Level 1 input) or based on a valuation technique that uses only data from observable markets. The Company recognises the difference between the fair value at initial recognition and the transaction price as a gain or loss.
• in all other cases, at the measurement basis mentioned above, adjusted to defer the difference between the fair value at initial recognition and the transaction price. After initial recognition, the Company recognises that deferred difference as a gain or loss only to the extent that it arises from a change in a factor (including time) that market participants would take into account when pricing the asset or liability.
12.2. Subsequent measurement
a. Non-derivative financial instruments
(i) Financial assets carried at amortized cost
A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortized cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows, and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
(ii) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. Further, in cases where the Company has made an irrvocable election based on its business model, for its investments which are classified as equity instruments, the subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income.
(iii) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
A financial asset which is not classified in any of the above categories is subsequently fair valued through profit or loss.
(iv) Financial liabilities
Financial liablities are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective intrest method, except for contingent consideration recognized in a business combination which is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the Balance Sheet date, the carrying amounts being approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.
(v) Investment in subsidiaries
Investment in subsidiaries is carried at cost in accordance with Ind AS 27 - separate financial statements.
b. Share capital
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new ordinary shares and share options are recognized as deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.
Derecognition of financial instruments
The Company derecognizies a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flow from the financial asset expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for derecognition under Ind AS 109. A financial liability(or a part of financial liability) is derecognized from the Company's Balance Sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires.
13. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company uses a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date. The methods used to determine fair value include discounted cash flow analysis, available quoted market prices and dealer quotes. All methods of assessing fair value result in general approximation of value, and such value may never actually be realized.
For financial assets and liabilities maturing within one year from the Balance Sheet date and which are not carried at fair value, the carrying amounts being approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.
14. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
• In the principal market for the asset or liability; or
• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest. All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable;
Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
15. ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
Non-current assets or disposal groups comprising of assets and liabilities are classified as 'held for sale' when all the following criteria are met: (i) decision has been made to sell; (ii) the assets are available for immediate sale in its present condition; (iii) the assets are being actively marketed; and (iv) sale has been agreed or is expected to be concluded within 12 months of the Balance Sheet date.
Subsequently, such non-current assets and disposal groups classified as 'held for sale' are measured at the lower of its carrying value and fair value less costs to sell. Non-current assets held for sale are not depreciated or amortised.
16. IMPAIRMENT a. Financial assets
The Company recognizes loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through profit or loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. For all other financial assets, ECLs are measured at an
amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of ECLs (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognized is recognized as an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss.
b. Non-financial assets
(i) Intangible assets and property, plant and
equipment
Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs.
If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the Statement of Profit and Loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.
17. PROVISIONS
A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that is reasonably estimable, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.
18. FOREIGN CURRENCY Functional currency
The functional currency of the Company is the Indian rupee. These financial statements are presented in Indian rupees.
Transactions and translations
Foreign-currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated into the relevant functional currency at exchange rates in effect at the Balance Sheet date. The gains or losses resulting from such translations are included in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at fair value are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary
assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of the transaction.
Transaction gains or losses realized upon settlement of foreign currency transactions are included in determining net profit for the period in which the transaction is settled. Revenue, expense and cash-flow items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the relevant functional currencies using the exchange rate in effect on the date of the transaction.
19. EARNINGS PER EQUITY SHARE
Basic earnings per equity share are computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per equity share are computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per equity share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the equity shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. the average market value of the outstanding equity shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.
The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share splits and bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the financial statements by the Board of Directors.
20. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS Provident fund
Eligible employees of K.P. Energy Limited receive benefits from a provident fund, if any, which is a defined benefit plan. Both the eligible employee and the Company make monthly contributions to the provident fund plan equal to a specified percentage of the covered employee's salary. There are no other obligation other than contribution payable to the respective statutory authorities.
No retirement benefits have been paid to any employee during the year by the Company. Retirement benefits in the form of Gratuity and other long-term/short-term employee benefits have not been provided in the financial statements.
21. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
22. DIVIDENDS
The final dividend on shares is recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders, and interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company's Board of Directors.
23. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
24. LEASES
Leases under which the Company assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. When acquired, such assets are capitalized at fair value or present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease, whichever is lower. Lease payments under operating leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the lease term.
25. SEGMENT REPORTING
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker.
Identification of segments
In accordance with Ind AS 108 - Operating Segment, the operating segments used to present segment information are identified on the basis of information reviewed by the Company's management to allocate resources to the segments and assess their performance. An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it earns revenues and incurs expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions with any of the Company's other components. Results of the operating segments are reviewed regularly by the management team (chairman and chief financial officer) which has been identified as the chief operating decision maker (CODM), to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance and for which discrete financial information is available.
Allocation of common costs
Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment accordingly to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.
Unallocated items
Revenues and expenses, which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on a reasonable basis, have been included under "Unallocated corporate expenses”. Assets and liabilities, which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on reasonable basis, are shown as unallocated corporate assets and liabilities respectively.
Segment accounting policies
The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.
26. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
27. SIGNIFICANT MANAGEMENT JUDGEMENT IN APPLYING ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY
The following are the critical judgments and the key estimates concerning the future that management has made in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies and that may have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial Statements or that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.
a) Evaluation of indicators for impairment of assets:
The evaluation of applicability of indicators of impairment of assets requires assessment of several external and internal factors which could result in deterioration of recoverable amount of the assets.
b) Recognition of deferred tax liabilities: The extent to which deferred tax liabilities can be recognised is based on an assessment of the probability of the future taxable income against which the deferred tax assets can be utilised.
28. MAINTENANCE OF AUDIT LOG
The Company has defined process to take full back-up of books of account maintained electronically on daily basis and it maintains the daily log of such back-up for cyclic period of 1 week.
29. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards. There is no such notification which would have been applicable from April 1, 2023.
(1) Definition of Accounting Estimates -Amendments to Ind AS 8
The amendments clarify the distinction between changes in accounting estimates and changes in accounting policies and the correction of errors. It has also been clarified how entities use measurement techniques and inputs to develop accounting estimates. The amendments had no impact on the Company's financial statements.
(2) Disclosure of Accounting Policies -Amendments to Ind AS 1
The amendments aim to help entities provide accounting policy disclosures that are more useful by replacing the requirement for entities to disclose their 'significant' accounting policies with a requirement to disclose their
'material' accounting policies and adding guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures. The amendments have had an impact on the Company's disclosures of accounting policies, but not on the measurement, recognition or presentation of any items in the Company's financial statements.
(3) Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction -Amendments to Ind AS 12
The amendments narrow the scope of the initial recognition exception under Ind AS 12, so that it no longer applies to transactions that give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences such as leases. The amendments had no impact on the Company's financial statements.
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