1. Corporate Information

Kanishk Steel Industries Limited (“the Company”), having CIN L27109TN1995PLC067863 is engaged in the manufacture and supply of Iron and Steel Products.

The Company was incorporated as private company in the year 1989 under the provisions of Companies Act, 1956 and converted to a public limited company in the year 1995. The Company's shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange Limited and the shares are traded regularly. The registered office of the company is at B27M, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Gummidipoondi, Thiruvallur District - 601 201, Tamilnadu.

2. Basis of preparation and presentation of Financial Statements

a) Statement of Compliance

Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India including Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) prescribed under the section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation and disclosures requirement of Division II of revised Schedule III of the Companies Act 2013, (Ind AS Compliant Schedule III), as applicable to financial statement.

Accordingly, the Company has prepared these Financial Statements which comprise the Balance Sheet as at March 31,2024, the Statement of Profit and Loss, the Statement of Cash Flows and the Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended as on that date, and accounting policies and other explanatory information (together hereinafter referred to “Financial Statements”).

Accounting Policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued Indian Accounting Standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing Indian Accounting Standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (?) and all values are rounded to the nearest two decimal lakhs, except otherwise stated.

These financial statements are approved for issue by the Board of Directors on May 28, 2024.

b) Basis of preparation and presentation

i) The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and in accordance with the historical cost convention, unless otherwise stated. All assets and liabilities are classified into current and non-current generally based on the nature of product/activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets/ Liabilities and their realisation/settlement in cash or cash equivalent. The Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.

ii) Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes in account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of I nd AS 102, leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 116, fair value of plan assets within scope the of Ind AS 19 and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realizable value in Ind AS 2 or value in use in Ind AS 36.

In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorized into Level 1,2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurements in its entirety, which are described as follows:

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;

Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. The Financial Statement is presented in INR and all values are rounded to the nearest lakhs except when otherwise stated.

iii) Current and non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / noncurrent classification.

An asset is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria :

• It is expected to be realized in, or is intended for sale or consumption in, the Company's normal operating cycle. it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;

• It is expected to be realized within 12 months after the reporting date; or

• It is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least 12 months after the reporting date.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

• it is expected to be settled in the Company's normal operating cycle;

• it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;

• it is due to be settled within 12 months after the reporting date; or the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the

reporting date. Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.

• All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

• The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified 12 months as its operating cycle.

• Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent only.

3. Material Accounting Policies Information

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

i) Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE)

Property, plant and equipment including bearer assets are carried at historical cost of acquisition or deemed cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Historical cost includes its purchase price, including import duties and nonrefundable purchase taxes after deducting trade discounts and rebates and any cost directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Subsequent expenditure related to an asset is added to its book value only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. All repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the financial year in which these are incurred.

The company's lease Land has been separately shown under PPE as Right of Use (ROU) Assets. Capital Work-in-progress includes developmental expenses, equipment to be installed, construction and erection materials etc. Such costs are added to related PPE and are classified to the appropriate categories when completed and ready for intended use.

ii) Intangible assets

Patents, trademarks and software costs are included in the balance sheet as intangible assets when it is probable that associated future economic benefits would flow to the Company. In this case they are measured initially at purchase cost and then amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. All other costs on patents, trademarks and software are expensed in the statement of profit and loss as and when incurred. Expenditure on research activities is recognized as an expense in the period in which it is incurred. Costs incurred on individual development projects are recognized as intangible assets from the date when all of the following conditions are met:

a. Completion of the development is technically feasible.

b. It is the intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it.

c. Ability to use or sell the intangible asset.

d. It is clear that the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits.

e. Adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset are available.

f. It is possible to reliably measure the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development.

Recognition of costs as an asset is ceased when the project is complete and available for its intended use, or if these criteria are no longer applicable.

Where development activities do not meet the conditions for recognition as an asset, any associated expenditure is treated as an expense in the period in which it is incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets with definite useful lives are reported at cost or deemed cost applied on transition to Ind AS, less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.

Cost of computer software packages including directly attributable cost, if any, acquired for internal use, is allocated / amortized over a period of 3 years (being estimated useful life thereof) on Straight line method.

iii) Leases

The Company's lease asset classes primarily consist of Lease hold land. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities include these options considered for arriving at ROU and lease liability when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment, whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement

date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

The company has taken land on long term lease. There are no commitment towards monthly/ yearly lease payments accordingly lease liability and its corresponding disclosures does not arise.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

iv) Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets Depreciation or amortization is provided so as to write off, on a straight-line basis, the cost/deemed cost of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, including those held under finance leases to their residual value. These charges are commenced from the dates the assets are available for their intended use and are spread over their estimated useful economic lives or, in the case of leased assets, over the lease period, if shorter. The estimated useful lives of assets, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed regularly and, when necessary, revised.

Depreciation on assets under construction commences only when the assets are ready for their intended use. The estimated useful lives for main categories of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are:

Land and building held for use in the production or for administrative purposes are stated in the balance sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Freehold land is not depreciated.

Right-of-use assets (ROU) are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset.

Capital work in progress includes machinery to be installed, construction and erection materials and unallocated pre-operative expenditure consisting of costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

The cost of replacing part of an item of property, plant and equipment or subsequent expenditure on Property, Plant and Equipment arising on account of capital improvement or other factors are accounted for as separate components. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognized in the income statement when incurred. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying value or the fair value less cost to sell.

Assets values up to Rs.5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition.

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed, and adjusted as appropriate, at each reporting date.

v) Impairment

At each balance sheet date, the Company reviews the carrying value of its property, plant and equipment and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that the carrying value of those assets may not be recoverable through continuing use. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is reviewed in order to determine the extent of impairment loss, if any. Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from other assets, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-taxdiscount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. An impairment loss is recognized in the statement of profit and loss as and when the carrying value of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying value of the asset (or cash generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount so that the increased carrying value does not exceed the carrying value that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized or the asset (or cash generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized in the statement of profit and loss immediately.

vi) De-recognition of Tangible and Intangible Assets

An item of PPE/Intangible Assets is de-recognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from its use or disposal. Gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of PPE is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

vii) Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets

Tangible, Intangible assets and ROU Assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date for impairment. In case events and circumstances indicate any impairment, recoverable amount of assets is determined. An impairment loss is recognized in the statement of profit and loss, whenever the carrying amount of assets either belonging to Cash Generating Unit (CGU) or otherwise exceeds recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of assets' fair

value less cost to disposal and its value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows from the use of the assets are discounted to their present value at appropriate rate. Impairment losses recognized earlier may no longer exist or may have come down. Based on such assessment at each reporting period the impairment loss is reversed and recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. In such cases the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the lower of its recoverable amount and the carrying amount that have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risk specific to the asset.

viii) Non-current assets held for sale:

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such asset and its sale is highly probable.Also, such assets are classified as held for sale only if the management expects to complete the sale within one year from the date of classification.Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less cost to sell, except for financial assets which are measured as per Ind AS 109 "Financial Instruments". Non-current assets are not depreciated or amortised

ix) Financial Assets and Liabilities

Financial assets and financial liabilities (financial instruments) are recognized when Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The financial assets and financial liabilities are classified as current if they are expected to be realized or settled within operating cycle of the company or otherwise these are classified as noncurrent.

The classification of financial instruments whether to be measured at Amortized Cost, at Fair Value Through Profit and Loss (FVTPL) or at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI) depends on the objective and contractual terms to which they relate. Classification of financial instruments is determined on initial recognition.

a. Cash and cash equivalents

All highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into determinable amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and are having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, are considered as cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents includes balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.

b. Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities measured at amortized cost

Financial Assets held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding are measured at amortized cost. The above Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities subsequent to initial recognition are measured at amortized cost using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. The effective interest rate is the rate that discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts (including all fees, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the Financial Asset or Financial Liability to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of financial liability

c. Financial Asset at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. Subsequent to initial recognition, they are measured at fair value and changes therein are recognized directly in other comprehensive income.

For the purpose of above para, principal is the fair value of the financial asset at initial recognition and interest consists of consideration for the time value of money and associated credit risk.

d. Financial Assets or Liabilities at Fair value through profit or loss

Financial Instruments which do not meet the criteria of amortized cost or fair value through other comprehensive income are classified as Fair Value through Profit or loss. These are recognized at fair value and changes therein are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

e. Derivatives and Hedge Accounting

The company enters into derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates in respect of financial instruments and forecasted cash flows denominated in certain foreign currencies. The Company uses hedging instruments which provide principles on the use of such financial derivatives consistent with the risk management strategy of the Company. The hedge instruments are designated and documented as hedges and effectiveness of hedge instruments is assessed and measured at inception and on an ongoing basis to reduce the risk associated with the exposure being hedged.

Any derivative that is either not designated as a hedge, or is so designated but is ineffective as per Ind AS 109 “Financial Instruments”, is categorized as a financial asset/liability, at fair value through profit or loss. Transaction costs attributable to the same are also recognized in statement of profit and loss.

Changes in the fair value of the derivative hedging instrument designated as a fair value hedge are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. Changes in the fair value of the derivative hedging instrument designated as a cash flow hedge are recognized in other

comprehensive income and presented within equity as cash flow hedging reserve to the extent that the hedge is effective.

Hedging instrument which no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. Any gain or loss recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity remains therein till that time and thereafter to the extent hedge accounting being discontinued is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. When a forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss accumulated in equity is transferred to the statement of profit and loss

f. Impairment of financial assets

A financial asset is assessed for impairment at each reporting date. A financial asset is considered to be impaired if objective evidence indicates that one or more events have had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset. The company measures the loss allowance for financial assets at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on that financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. If the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the company measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12-month expected credit losses. In case of trade receivables or contract assets that result in relation to revenue from contracts with customers, the company measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.

g. De-recognition of financial instruments

The Company derecognizes a financial asset or a group of financial assets when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party.

On de-recognition of a financial asset, the difference between the asset's carrying amounts and the sum of the consideration received and receivable are recognized in statement of profit and loss.

On de-recognition of assets measured at FVTOCI the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to statement of profit and loss as a reclassification adjustment.

Financial liabilities are derecognized if the Company's obligations specified in the contract expire or are discharged or cancelled. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in statement of profit and loss.

h. Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

x) Cash and cash equivalents

All highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into determinable amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and are having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, are considered as cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents includes balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.

xi) Inventories

i. Inventories are valued at lower of the cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventories is ascertained on 'weighted average' basis. Materials and her supplies held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost.

ii. Cost in respect of raw materials and stores and spares includes expenses incidental to procurement of the same. Cost of finished goods and those under progress represents raw material cost plus costs of conversion, comprising labour costs and an attributable proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal levels of activity.

iii. Cost in respect of work in progress represents cost incurred up to the stage of completion.

iv. By-Products are valued at net realizable value

v. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

xii) Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transactions. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities at the year-end are translated at the year-end exchange rates. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of transaction. The loss or gain thereon and also on the exchange differences on settlement of the foreign currency transactions during the year are recognized as income or expense in the profit and loss account. Foreign exchange gain/loss to the extent considered as an adjustment to Interest Cost are considered as part of borrowing cost.

xiii) Equity Share Capital

An equity instrument is a contract that evidences residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities. Par value of the equity shares is recorded as share capital and the amount received in excess of par value is classified as Securities Premium. Costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects

xiv) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of obligation. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses. The amount recognized

as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

Contingent liabilities is not recognized and are disclosed by way of notes to the financial statements when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or when there is a present obligation is not recognised where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the same or a reliable estimate of the amount payable in this respect cannot be made.

Contingent Assets are not recognised but disclosed in the financial statements by way of notes to accounts when an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

xv) Employee Benefits

Employee benefits are accrued in the year in which services are rendered by the employees. Short term employee benefits are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the related service is rendered. Contribution to defined contribution plans such as Provident Fund etc., is being made in accordance with statute and are recognised as and when incurred. Contribution to defined benefit plans consisting of contribution to gratuity are determined at close of the year at present value of the amount payable using actuarial valuation techniques. Actuarial gain and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in other comprehensive income. Other long term employee benefits consisting of Leave Encashment are determined at close of the year at present value of the amount payable using actuarial valuation techniques. The changes in the amount payable including actuarial gain/loss are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.

xvi) Revenue Recognition

The Company manufactures and sells Iron and Steel Products.

Sale of goods

The Company recognises revenue when control over the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements as it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer.

Revenue is adjusted for variable consideration such as discounts, rebates, refunds, credits, price concessions, incentives, or other similar items in a contract when they are highly probable to be provided. The amount of revenue excludes any amount collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognises revenue generally at the point in time when the products are delivered to customer or when it is delivered to a carrier for export sale, which is when the control over product is transferred to the customer. In contracts where freight is arranged by the Company and recovered from the customers, the same is treated as a separate performance obligation and revenue is recognised when such freight services are rendered In revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the Company

accounts for individual products and services separately if they are distinct - i.e. if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items in the arrangement and if a customer can benefit from it. The consideration is allocated between separate products and services in the arrangement based on their stand-alone selling prices. Revenue from sale of by products are included in revenue. Revenue from sale of power is recognised when delivered and measured based on the bilateral contractual arrangements.

Contract balances

i) Contract assets

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration.

ii) Trade receivables

A receivable is recognised when the goods are delivered and to the extent that it has an unconditional contractual right to receive cash or other financial assets (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due). Trade receivables is derecognised when the Company transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party including discounting of bills on a non-recourse basis.

iii) Contract liabilities

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract including Advance received from Customer.

iv) Refund liabilities

A refund liability is the obligation to refund some or all of the consideration received (or receivable) from the customer and is measured at the amount the Company ultimately expects it will have to return to the customer including volume rebates and discounts. The Company updates its estimates of refund liabilities at the end of each reporting period.

Interest, Dividend and Claims

Dividend income from investments is recognized when the shareholder's right to receive payment has been established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably). Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset's net carrying amount on initial

recognition. Insurance claims/ other claims are accounted as and when admitted / settled.

xvii) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for the intended use or sale.

Investment income earned on temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Discounts or premiums and expenses on the issue of debt securities are amortized over the term of the related securities and included within borrowing costs. Premiums payable on early redemptions of debt securities, in lieu of future finance costs, are recognized as borrowing costs.

All other borrowing costs are recognized as expenses in the period in which it is incurred.

xviii) Taxes on Income

Income tax expense representing the sum of current tax expenses and the net charge of the deferred taxes is recognized in the income statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity or other comprehensive income.

Current income tax is provided on the taxable income and recognized at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Financial Statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences with respect to carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses/depreciation to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which these can be utilized.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) measured in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability and such benefits can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with asset will be realized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized.

xix) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing profit or loss for the year attributable to equity holders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Partly paid-up shares are included as fully paid equivalents according to the fraction paid up.

Diluted earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of shares and dilutive potential shares except where the result would be anti-dilutive.

xx) Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker.

The Board of directors of the Company has been identified as the Chief Operating Decision Maker which reviews and assesses the financial performance and makes the strategic decisions.

4. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting standards, amendments and interpretations adopted by the Company (wherever applicable) effective from April 1,2023:

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On March 31, 2023, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 by issuing the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023, applicable from April 1,2023, as below:

Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements

The amendments require companies to disclose their material accounting policies rather than their material accounting policy information. Accounting policy information, together with other information, is material when it can reasonably be expected to influence decisions of primary users of general purpose financial statements. The Company does not expect this amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes

The amendments clarify how companies account for deferred tax on transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations. The amendments narrowed the scope of the recognition exemption in paragraphs 15 and 24 of Ind AS 12 (recognition exemption) so that it no longer applies to transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. The Company is evaluating the impact, if any, in its financial statements.

Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors

The amendments will help entities to distinguish between accounting policies and accounting estimates. The definition of a change in accounting estimates has been replaced with a definition of accounting estimates. Under the new definition, accounting estimates are “monetary amounts in financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty''. Entities develop accounting estimates if accounting policies require items in financial statements to be measured in a way that involves measurement uncertainty. The Company does not expect this amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

Ind AS 32 - Interim Financial Reporting

The amendments require companies to disclose their material accounting policies information rather than their material accounting policy information. The Company does not expect this amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

These amendments are applicable from April 1, 2023. As per management these amendments are likely to have no significant impact on the financial statements of the Company.

5. Critical Accounting Estimates, Judgments and Assumptions

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with measurement principle of Ind AS requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Accounting estimates could change from period to period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Appropriate changes in estimates are made as management becomes aware of changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Differences between the actual results and estimates are recognized in the year in which the results are known / materialized and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

Application of accounting policies that require significant areas of estimation, uncertainty and critical judgments and the use of assumptions in the financial statements have been disclosed below. The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation/assumptions at the balance sheet date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and related revenue impact within the next financial year are discussed below:

a) Depreciation/amortization and impairment loss against property, plant and equipment / intangible assets.

Property, plant and equipment, ROU Assets and Intangible Assets are depreciated/ amortized on straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives (or lease term if shorter) taking into account the estimated residual value, wherever applicable. The company reviews its carrying value of its Tangible and Intangible Assets whenever there is objective evidence that the assets are impaired. The required level of impairment losses to be made is estimated by reference to the estimated value in use or recoverable amount. In such situation Assets' recoverable amount is estimated which is higher of asset's or cash generating units (CGU) fair value less cost of disposal and its value in use. In assessing value in use the estimated future cash flows are discounted using pre-tax discount rate which reflect the current assessment of time value of money. In determining fair value less cost of disposal, recent market realisations are considered or otherwise in absence of such transactions appropriate valuations are adopted. The Company reviews the estimated useful lives and residual life of the assets regularly in order to determine the amount of depreciation / amortization and also amount of impairment expense to be recorded and/or to be reversed during any reporting period. Subsequent reassessment or review may result in change of estimates in future periods.

b) Arrangement contain leases and classification of leases

Ind AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non- cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any option to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to the company's operations taking into account among other things, the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease terms and impact thereof are reassessed in each year to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances.

c) Impairment loss on trade receivables

The Company evaluates whether there is any objective evidence that trade receivables are impaired and determines the amount of impairment loss as a result of the inability of the debtors to make required payments. The Company bases the estimates on the ageing of the trade receivables balance, credit-worthiness of the trade receivables and historical write-off experience.

d) Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)

Critical estimate of the DBO involves a number of critical underlying assumptions such as standard rates of inflation, mortality, discount rate, anticipation of future salary increases etc. as estimated by Independent Actuary appointed for this purpose. Variation in these assumptions may significantly impact the DBO amount and the annual defined benefit expenses.

e) Provisions and Contingencies

Provisions and liabilities are recognized in the period when it becomes probable that there will be a future outflow of funds resulting from past operations or events and the amount of cash outflow can be reliably estimated. The timing of recognition and quantification of the liability requires the application of judgement to existing facts and circumstances, which can be subject to change.

Management uses in-house and external legal professional to make judgment for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies/claim/litigations/ against the Company as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy. The carrying amounts of provisions and liabilities and estimation for contingencies are reviewed regularly and revised to taking into account changing facts and circumstances.