2. Summary of Material Accounting Policies
a. Basis of preparation
Statement of Compliance
These financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ('the Act') (to the extent notified) and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016, as amended from time to time.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses and the disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any revision to accounting estimates is
recognised prospectively in current and future periods.
Functional and presentation currency
These financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is the Company's functional currency. All financial information presented in INR has been rounded to the nearest Lakhs (up to two decimals).
b. Critical accounting estimates and management judgments
In application of the accounting policies, which are described in note 2, the management of the Company is required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant.
c. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either, in the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest. The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the standalone
financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1- Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2- Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable;
Level 3- Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
d. Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/non-current classification. An asset is current when it is:
• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in the normal operating cycle;
• Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
• Expected to be realised within the operating cycle or twelve months after the reporting period; or
• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current. A liability is current when:
• It is expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle;
• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;
• It is due to be settled within the operating cycle or twelve months after the reporting period; or
• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities. Operating cycle of the Company is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents. The Company's normal operating is assumed to be twelve months.
e. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company has concluded that it is the principal in all of its revenue arrangements since it is the primary obligor in all the revenue arrangements as it has pricing latitude and is also exposed to inventory and credit risks
The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognised.
Sale of goods:
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns.
GST tax is excluded from revenue.
Interest income
Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable. Interest income is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss.
d. Government Grant
Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value where there is a reasonable
assurance that the grant will be received and the Company will comply with all attached conditions. Government grants relating to income are deferred and recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the period necessary to match them with the costs that they are intended to compensate and presented within other income.
e. Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment, Capital work in progress are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the property, plant and equipment and borrowing costs for longterm construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of the property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in statement of profit or loss as incurred. No decommissioning liabilities are expected or be incurred on the assets of plant and equipment.
Depreciation on Fixed Assets has been provided at the useful lives provided in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 for SLM method on the original cost of the assets. No depreciation on remaining assets of Power Division is charged as power division was not functional and assets in power division remained idle for the whole year. Depreciation on Fixed Assets of Paper Division is charged for the whole year. Depreciation on addition to Fixed Assets is charged on pro-rata basis from date on which asset is put to use.
Intangible Assets
Computer software
Costs associated with maintaining software
programmes are recognised as an expense as incurred. Separately acquired software are recorded as intangible assets and amortised from the point at which the asset is available for use. Usefule life of computer software is estimated at 3 years.
f. Inventory
Inventory comprises of stock of raw material, completed products for sale and work-inprogress. Inventory is valued at cost or net realizable value whichever is lower.
g. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
h. Taxes Current tax
Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss of the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. It is measured using tax rate enacted or substantially enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which those can be utilised. The differed tax assets are not recognized in the year as there is lack of reasonable certainty that sufficient taxable
profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and will be recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
i. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
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