2C MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1 Revenue Recognition
Revenue is measured at the amount of consideration which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring distinct goods or services to a customer as specified in the contract, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example taxes and duties collected on behalf of the government).
Consideration is generally due upon satisfaction of performance obligations and a receivable is recognised when it becomes unconditional
Sale of goods and services
Revenue is recognised when a promise in a customer contract (performance obligation) has been satisfied by transferring control over the promised goods to the customer. Control over a promised good refers to the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, those goods. Control is usually transferred upon shipment, delivery to, upon receipt of goods by the customer, in accordance with the individual delivery and acceptance terms agreed with the customers. The amount of revenue to be recognised (transaction price) is based on the consideration expected to be received in exchange for goods, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties such as GST or other taxes directly linked to sales.
Revenue from rendering of services is recognised over time as and when the customer receives the benefit of the Company’s performance and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for services transferred. Unbilled revenue represents value of services performed in accordance with the contract terms but not billed.
Interest income
Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset’s carrying amount on inital recognition.
Government grants
Government grants (including export incentives) are recognised only when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and the grants will be received.
Government grants are recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognises as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.
The benefit of a government loan at a below market rate of interest is treated as a government grant, measured at the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market rates.
The Company has applied Ind AS 109 ‘Financial Instruments’ and Ind AS 20 ‘Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance’ prospectively to government loans existing at the date of transition and the Company has not recognised the corresponding benefit of the government loans at the below-market rate of interest as a government grant. Consequently, the Company has used the previous GAAP carrying amounts of the government loans at the date of transition as the carrying amount of these loans in the opening Ind AS Balance Sheet.
2 Property, plant and equipment
Land and buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Freehold land is not depreciated.
Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price/ acquisition cost, net of any trade discounts and rebates, any import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the tax authorities), any directly attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its
intended use, other incidental expenses and interest on borrowings attributable to acquisition of qualifying property, plant and equipment up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use. Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with an item of Property, plant and equipment and whose use is expected to be irregular are capitalised and depreciated over the useful life of the principal item of the relevant assets. Subsequent expenditure on property, plant and equipment after its purchase / completion is capitalised only if such expenditure results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
Depreciation on Property, plant and equipment (other than freehold land) has been provided on written down value method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013
The estimated useful life of the tangible assets and the useful life are reviewed at the end of the each financial year and the depreciation period is revised to reflect the changed pattern, if any.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Investment property
Investment properties are properties held to earn rentals and/or for capital appreciation (including property under construction for such purposes). Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are measured in accordance with Ind AS 16’s requirements for cost model. The
cost of Investment property includes the cost of replacing parts and borrowing costs if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of the investment property are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.
An investment property is derecognised upon disposal or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefits are expected from the disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the property (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in profit or loss in the period in which the property is derecognised. The fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on evaluation performed by accredited external independent valuers.
Depreciation on Buildings and other equipment has been provided on written down value method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013
\ Leases
Arrangements in the nature of Lessor
Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income arising therefrom is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms.
In respect of finance leases,the company recognizes a financial asset (net investment in lease) measured at the present value of the lease rental receivables that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The Company subsequently measures finance income over the lease term based on a pattern reflecting a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease.
Rental income and expense from operating leases is generally recognised on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease. However, where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue.
5 Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost is determined using weighted average basis.
Cost comprises all costs of purchase including duties and taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable by the Company), freight inwards and other expenditure directly attributable to acquisition. Work-in-progress and finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads.
Raw Materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Work in progress and finished goods are valued at cost or Net Realisable Value whichever is lower. Saleable scrap is valued at the net realisable value. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.
6 Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any).
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pretax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss. When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.
The assets under Capital Work-in-Progress did not have any impairment during the year
7 Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.
Financial assets and liabilities are initially recognised at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to financial assets and liabilities [other than financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)] are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or liabilities, as appropriate on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to acquisition of financial assets or liabilities measured at FVTPL are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss. Subsequently, financial instruments are measured according to the category in which they are classified.
a) Non-derivative Financial assets:
All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.
All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.
Financial assets at amortised cost
A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:
a) the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and
b) the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial assets measured at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)
A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:
a) the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting cash flows and selling financial assets.; and
b) the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
All other financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss.
Effective interest method:
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt
instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Income is recognised on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified as FVTPL/FVTOCI Interest income is recognised in profit or loss and is included in the “Other income” line item.
b) Derecognition of financial assets:
A financial asset is derecognised only when the:
- Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset; or
- retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.
When the entity has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Whether the entity has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised.
Where the entity has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognised if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. When the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.
c) Foreign exchange gains and losses:
The fair value of financial assets denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of each reporting period.
For foreign currency denominated financial assets measured at amortised cost and FVTPL, the exchange differences are recognised in statement of profit and loss.
d) Investments
The Company measures investments in quoted equity investments (other than the investment in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates which are measured at cost) at fair value. Where the Company has elected to present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in Other Comprehensive Income (“FVOCI”), there is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss. Dividends from such investments are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as other income when the Company’s right to receive payment is established.
At the date of transition to Ind AS, the Company has made an irrevocable election to present in Other Comprehensive Income subsequent changes in the fair value of equity investments that are not held for trading.
When the equity investment is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reclassified from Other Comprehensive Income to the Retained Earnings directly.
Fair value of unquoted instrument has been valued at the book values of that Company based on Level 2 input. In respect of investment in equity share capital of captive power companies which are made to comply with the provisions of Electricity Rules 2003, these investments are carried at cost as these investments can be sold back only at par.
The Company assesses impairment based on Expected Credit Losses (ECL) model to the following :
• financial assets measured at amortised cost
• financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income\Expected credit loss are measured through a loss allowance at an
amount equal to :
• the twelve month expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from those default events on the financial instruments that are possible within twelve months after the reporting date); or
• full life time expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the life of the financial instrument).
For trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115, the Company always measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to life time expected credit losses.
f) Financial liabilities:
All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method or at FVTPL.
However, financial liabilities that arise when a transfer of a financial asset does not qualify for derecognition or when the continuing involvement approach applies, financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company, and commitments issued by the Company to provide a loan at below-market interest rate are measured in accordance with the specific accounting policies set out below.
Financial liabilities at FVTPL
Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurment recognised in statement of profit and loss. The net gain or loss recognised in statement of profit and loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability and is included in the ‘Other income/Other expenses’ line item.
Financial liabilities subsequently measured at amortised cost
Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortised cost at the end of subsequent
accounting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortised cost are determined based on the effective interest method.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Foreign exchange gains and losses
For financial liabilities that are denominated in a foreign currency and are measured at amortised cost at the end of each reporting period, the foreign exchange gains and losses are determined based on the amortised cost of the instruments and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
The fair value of financial liabilities denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of the reporting period. For financial liabilities that are measured as at FVTPL, the foreign exchange component forms part of the fair value gains or losses and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition of financial liabilities
The Company derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. An exchange between with a lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability.
Similarly, a substantial modification of the terms of an existing financial liability (whether or not attributable to the financial difficulty of the debtor) is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition
of a new financial liability. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability, derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in profit or loss.
8 Segment reporting
An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions with any of the Company’s other components and for which discrete financial information is available, Operating segments are reported in the manner consistent with the internal reporting to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) as per Ind AS 108, The Company is structured into two reportable business segments - “Textiles”and “Rental Services”. Textiles consists of manufacturing and sale of yarn and trading in cloth and garments. Rental service consist of letting out of properties. The Company has restructured its verticals and accordingly, as required by accounting standards, comparatives have been restated and presented in line with the current segments. The reportable business segments are in line with the segment wise information which is being presented to the CODM. Geographic information is based on business sources from that geographic region. Accordingly the geographical segments are determined as Domestic ie., within India and External ie., Outside India. The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for the Company. Revenue and expenses have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Income / costs which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on a reasonable basis have been included under unallocated income / costs.
9 Employee Benefits
The Company participates in various employee benefit plans. Post-employment benefits are classified as either defined contribution plans
or defined benefit plans. Under a defined contribution plan, the Company’s only obligation is to pay a fixed amount with no obligation to pay further contributions if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all employee benefits. The related actuarial and investment risks fall on the employee. The expenditure for defined contribution plans is recognized as expense during the period when the employee provides service. Under a defined benefit plan, it is the Company’s obligation to provide agreed benefits to the employees. The related actuarial risks fall on the Company. The present value of the defined benefit obligations is calculated using the projected unit credit method.
Short-term employee benefits
All short-term employee benefits such as salaries, wages, bonus, and other benefits which fall within 12 months of the period in which the employee renders related services which entitles them to avail such benefits and non-accumulating compensated absences are recognised on an undiscounted basis and charged to the statement of profit and loss.
A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries in the period the related service is rendered at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.
Defined contribution plan
The Company’s contribution to provident fund and employee state insurance scheme are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees.
Defined benefit plan
In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the Company provides for a lump sum payment to eligible employees, at retirement or termination of employment based on the last drawn salary and years of employment with the Company. The gratuity liability is partly funded.
The Company’s obligation in respect of the gratuity plan, which is a defined benefit plan, is provided for based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income. Further, the profit or loss does not include an expected return on plan assets. Instead net interest recognized in profit or loss is calculated by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The actual return on the plan assets above or below the discount rate is recognized as part of remeasurement of net defined liability or asset through other comprehensive income.
Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses is reflected immediately in the balance sheet with charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in other comprehensive income is reflected in retained earnings and is not reclassified to the statement of profit and loss.
2D OTHER ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1 Foreign Currencies
In preparing the financial statements of the Company, transactions in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognized at the rates of exchange prevailing at the date of the transaction. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.
Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which they arise except for exchange differences on transactions designated as fair value hedge.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency
are recorded using the exchange rates at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was measured. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e. translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or Statement of Profit and Loss are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or Statement of Profit and Loss, respectively)
2 Borrowing costs
“General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale. Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.
All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
3 Taxation
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
a) Current tax: Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.
b) Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT): MAT paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as
an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax. Accordingly, Deferred tax is provided on MAT and created as an asset when it is highly probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.
c) Deferred tax: Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences.
Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be utilised.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
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