1. Corporate information

Lumax Industries Limited (“the Company”) is a Public Company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on two recognized stock exchanges in India. The registered office of the Company is located 2nd Floor, Harbans Bhawan-II, Commercial Complex, Nangal Raya, New Delhi- 110046.

The Company is principally engaged in the manufacturing of automotive components. Information on other related party relationships of the Company is provided in Note 41.

The financial statements were authorized for issue in accordance with a resolution of the directors on May 24, 2024.

2. Material accounting policies2.1 Basis of Preparation

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the financial statement.

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the certain financial assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value or revalued amount (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments).

The Company has prepared the financial statements on the basis that it will continue to operate as a going concern.

The Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees (?) and all values are rounded to the nearest Lakhs (' 00,000), except wherever otherwise stated.

2.2 Summary of material accounting policies

A. Investment in subsidiary and associate

The investment in subsidiary are carried at cost as per Ind AS 27. The Company regardless of the nature of its involvement with an entity (the investee), determines whether it is a parent by assessing whether it controls the investee. The Company controls an investee when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Thus, the Company controls an investee if and only if it has all the following:

(a) power over the investee

(b) exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and

(c) the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of the returns.

An associate is an entity over which the Company has significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but is not control or joint control over those policies.

The considerations made in determining whether significant influence are similar to those necessary to determine control over the subsidiary

Investment in associate is recorded at cost

B. Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification.

Assets

An asset is treated as current when it is:

a) Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

b) Held primarily for the purpose of trading

c) Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or

d) Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current. Liabilities

A liability is current when:

(a) It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

(b) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

(c) It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

(d) There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

Operating cycle

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

C. Foreign currencies

Functional and presentational currency

The Company’s financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (?) which is also the Company’s functional currency.

Transactions and balances

Tran sactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at the functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. However, for practical reasons, the Company uses average rate if the average approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognized in statement of profit and loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognized in OCI or profit or loss are also recognized in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).

I n determining the spot exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income (or part of it) on the derecognition of a nonmonetary asset or non-monetary liability relating to advance consideration, the date of the transaction is the date on which the Company initially recognizes the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from the advance consideration. If there are multiple payments or receipts in advance, the Company determines the transaction date for each payment or receipt of advance consideration.

D. Property, plant and equipment

Capital work in progress, property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

Items of stores and spares that meet the definition of plant, property and equipment are capitalized at cost and depreciated over their useful life. Otherwise, such items are classified as inventories.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives as estimated by the management which is in line with the Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The Company has used the following useful lives to provide depreciation on its property, plant and equipment which is in line with schedule II:

The management has estimated, supported by independent assessment by professionals, the useful life of the following class of asset, which are higher/different than that indicated in Schedule II.

The residual value of property, plant and equipment is considered at 2%.

Depreciation on additions/ (disposals) is provided on a pro-rata basis i.e. from/ (upto) the date on which asset is ready for use/ (disposed of).

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

E. Intangible assets

Recognition and measurement

I ntangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

Amortization and useful lives

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible assets may be impaired. The amortization period and amortization method of the intangible asset with a useful finite life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the assets are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another assets, as follows:

An intangible asset is derecognized upon disposal (i.e., at the date the recipient obtains control) or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gain or loss arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are recognized as an intangible asset when the Group can demonstrate:

• The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for use or sale

• Its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sell the asset

• How the asset will generate future economic benefits

• The availability of resources to complete the asset

• The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development

Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Amortization of the asset begins when development is complete, and the asset is available for use. It is amortized over the period of expected future benefit. Amortization expense is recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.

F. Investment Property

Property that is held for long term rental yields or for capital appreciation or for both, and that is not occupied by the Company, is classified as investment property. Investment property is measured initially at its cost, including related transaction cost and where applicable borrowing costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Subsequent expenditure is capitalized to assets carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Though the Company measures investment property using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on an annual evaluation performed by an external independent valuer applying a valuation model as per Ind AS 113 “Fair value measurement”.

Investment property are derecognized either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss in the period of recognition.

Transfer of property from investment property to the property, plant and equipment is made when the property is no longer held for long term rental yields or for capital appreciation or both at carrying amount of the property transferred.

G. Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

H. Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Company as a lessee

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognizes lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-to-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

i. Right-to-use assets

The Company recognizes right-to-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-to-use assets are measured

at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-to-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognized, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-to-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows

Leasehold Land-99 years

Solar Panel-15 years

Vehicle-5 years

Building-10-15 years

I f ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.

The right-to-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies section ‘Impairment of non-financial assets’.

ii. Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognizes lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognized as expenses (unless they are incurred to produce inventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the

lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.

iii. Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Company as a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company’s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

I. Inventories

Inventories which comprise raw materials,

components, work in progress, finished goods, traded goods, moulds and stores and spares are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value.

The basis of determining costs for various categories of inventories is as follows:

• Raw materials, components, stores and

spares: Cost of inventories comprises all cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted moving average basis.

• Work-in-progress and finished goods: Cost includes direct material plus appropriate share of labor, manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on a weighted moving average basis.

• Traded goods: Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on moving weighted average basis.

• Moulds: Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

Stores and spares which do not meet the definition of Property, plant and equipment are accounted as inventories.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Scraps are valued at net realizable value.

The net realizable value of work-in-progress is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished goods. Raw materials and other supplies held for use in production of finished goods are not written down below cost, except in cases where material prices have declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the finished goods will exceed its net realizable value. The comparison of cost and net realizable value is made on an item-byitem basis.

J. Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required,

the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating units’ (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely ind ependent of th ose from oth er assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

I mpairment losses on non-financial asset, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the Company operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.

An assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine

the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amoun t of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit or loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually at the CGU level, as appropriate, and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.

The Company assesses where climate risks could have a significant impact, such as the introduction of emission-reduction legislation that may increase manufacturing costs. These risks in relation to climate-related matters are included as key assumptions where they materially impact the measure of recoverable amount, These assumptions have been included in the cash-flow forecasts in assessing value-in-use amounts.

K. Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements, because it typically controls the goods before transferring them to the customer.

However, Goods and services tax (GST), is not received by the Company on its own account. Rather, it is tax collected on value added to the commodity by the seller on behalf of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.

a) Sale of products including moulds

Customers obtain control of goods when the goods are delivered to and have been accepted at their premises. However, few customers accepts the goods when goods have been dispatched by the Company.

I nvoices are generated at that point in time. Invoices are usually payable within 30-120 days. No discounts are usually provided for goods, but few customers may avail cash

discount on prompt payment of the goods. Some contracts permit the customer to return an item. Returned goods are exchanged only for new goods - i.e. no cash refunds are offered.

Reven ue arising from th e sale of goods (including moulds) is recognized when the customer obtains control of the promised asset, i.e. either at the delivery or dispatch of goods (based on the agreed terms of sale with the respective customers), which is the point in time when the customer has the ability to direct the use of the goods and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of the goods.

For contracts that allow the customers to avail the cash discount, the Company estimates the value of discount by applying the ‘Most likely amount’ method and past experience of the Company.

For contracts that permit the customer to return an item, revenue is recognized to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur.

b) Sale of services

Revenue from sale of services is recognized in accordance with the terms of contract when the services are rendered and the related costs are incurred.

c) Contract balances

i) Contract assets

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognized for the earned consideration that is conditional.

ii) Trade receivables

A receivable represents the Company’s right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due). Refer to accounting policies of financial assets in section financial instruments - initial recognition and measurement.

iii) Contract liabilities

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognized when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognized as

revenue when the Company performs under the contract.

d) Interest Income

For all debt instruments measured at

amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is

recorded using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or

receipts over the expected life of the financial instruments or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortized cost of a financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected estimated cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument but does not consider the expected credit loss. Interest income is included under the head “other income” in the statement of profit and loss.

Interest income on bank deposits and advances to vend ors is recog nized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head “other income” in the statement of profit and loss.

e) Dividend Income

Dividend is recognized when the Company’s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

f) Rental Income

Rental income arising from operating leases are accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms and is included under the head “other income” in the statement of profit & loss.

L. Government grants

Government grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all the attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to profit or loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual instalments. When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favorable interest is regarded as government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognized and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities.

M. Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

The Company operates defined benefit plans for its employees, viz., gratuity. The costs of providing benefits under these plans are determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end. Separate actuarial valuation is carried out for each plan using the projected unit credit method.

Actuarial gains and losses for both defined benefit plans are recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.

Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date. The Company recognizes expected cost of short-term employee benefit as an expense, when an employee renders the related service.

The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purpose. Such long term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. The Company presents the leave as a current liability in the balance sheet to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date. Where the Company has the unconditional legal and contractual right to defer the settlement for a period beyond 12 months, the same is presented as non-current liability.

Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

Past service costs are recognized in profit or loss on the earlier of:

a) The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

b) The date that the Company recognizes related restructuring costs

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognizes the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

a) Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

b) Net interest expense or income

N. ProvisionsGeneral

A provision is recog nized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

I f the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pretax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

Onerous contracts

I f the Company has a contract that is onerous, the present obligation under the contract is recognized and measured as a provision. However, before a separate provision for an onerous contract is established, the Company recognizes any impairment loss that has occurred on assets dedicated to that contract.

An onerous contract is a contract under which the unavoidable costs (i.e., the costs that the Company cannot avoid because it has the contract) of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it. The unavoidable costs under a contract reflect the least net cost of exiting from the contract, which is the lower of the cost of fulfilling it and any compensation or penalties arising from failure to fulfil it. The cost of fulfilling a contract comprises the costs that relate directly to the contract (i.e., both incremental costs and an allocation of costs directly related to contract activities).

Warranty provisions

The Group provides warranties for general repairs of defects that existed at the time of sale, as required by law. Provisions related to these assurance-type warranties are recognized when the product is sold, or the service is provided to the customer. Initial recognition is based on historical experience. The initial estimate of warranty-related costs is revised annually.

O. TaxesCurrent income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in OCI or in equity). Current tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except:

• When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss

• In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized, except:

• When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a

transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss

• In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

In assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets, the Company relies on the same forecast assumptions used elsewhere in the financial statements and in other management reports, which, among other things, reflect the potential impact of climate-related development on the business, such as increased cost of production as a result of measures to reduce carbon emission.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recogn ized outsid e profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in OCI or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

The Company offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities if and only if it has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets and current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities which intend either to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future

period in which significant amounts of deferred tax liabilities or assets are expected to be settled or recovered.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax for the year. The deferred tax asset is recognized for MAT credit available only to the extent that it is probable that the concerned company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset, it is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as part of deferred tax asset. The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

P. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company’s cash management.

Q. Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic EPS amounts are calculated by dividing the profit for the year attributable to the shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding as at the end of reporting period.

Diluted EPS amounts are calculated by dividing the profit attributable to the shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of Equity shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential equity shares into equity shares.

R. Contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable

that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

Contingent assets are only disclosed when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the entity.

S. Dividend

The Company recog nizes a l iability to make cash dividend to equity holders of the Company when the distribution is authorized and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorized when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognized directly in equity.

T. Assets held for sale

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale rather than through continuing use. Actions required to complete the sale should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the sale will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Management must be committed to the sale expected within one year from the date of classification.

For these purposes, sale transactions include exchanges of non-current assets for other noncurrent assets when the exchange has commercial substance. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded met only when the assets is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets, its sale is highly probable; and it will genuinely be sold, not abandoned. The Company treats sale of the asset to be highly probable when:

• The appropriate level of management is committed to a plan to sell the asset,

• An active program to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated,

• The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value,

• The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification, and

• Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Non-current assets held for sale to owners and disposal groups are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately in the balance sheet.

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets once classified as held for sale to owners are not depreciated or amortized.

U. Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

(a) In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

(b) I n the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement

as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recogn ized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

The Company’s management determines the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement, such as derivative instruments and u nquoted financial assets measured at fair value, and for non-recurring measurement, such as assets held for distribution in discontinued operations.

External valuers are involved for valuation of significant assets and significant liabilities, if any.

At each reporting date, the management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be re-measured or reassessed as per the Company’s accounting policies. For this analysis, the management verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents, if any.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

This note summarizes accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.

• Quantitative disclosure of fair value

measurement hierarchy

• Investment property

• Financial instruments (including those carried

at amortized cost)

V. Financial instruments

A financial instrument is a contract that gives rise to a financial asset for one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument for another entity.

Financial Assets

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI), and fair value through profit or loss.

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Company’s business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient, the Company initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs.

Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under Ind AS 115. Refer to the accounting policies in section ‘Revenue from contracts with customers’.

I n order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortized cost or fair value through OCI, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are ‘solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)’ on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level. Financial assets with cash flows that are not SPPI are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model.

The Company’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both. Financial assets classified and measured at amortized cost are held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows while financial assets classified and measured at fair value through OCI are held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.

Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:

• Debt instruments at amortized cost

• Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

• Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)

• Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

Debt Instruments at amortized cost

A financial assets is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met

(i) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows and

(ii) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The accretion of EIR is recorded as an income or expense in statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

Debt Instruments at fair value through OCI (FVTOCI)

A ‘financial asset’ is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

b) The asset’s contractual cash flows represent SPPI

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. For debt instruments, at fair value through OCI, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals are recognized in the profit or loss and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortized cost. The remaining fair value changes are recognized in OCI. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value changes recognized in OCI is reclassified from the equity to profit or loss.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the balance sheet at fair value with net changes in fair value recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

This category includes derivative instruments and listed equity investments which the Company had not irrevocably elected to classify at fair value through OCI. Dividends on listed equity investments are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the right of payment has been established.

Equity instruments at fair value through OCI (FVTOCI)

Upon initial recognition, the Company can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI when they meet the definition of equity under Ind AS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognized by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS103 applies are classified as at FVTPL.

Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to profit or loss. Dividends are recognized as other income in the statement of profit and loss when the right of payment has been established, except when the Company benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains are recorded in OCI. Equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI are not subject to impairment assessment.

The Company elected to classify irrevocably its non-listed equity investments under this category.

De-recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognized (i.e. removed from the Company’s Balance Sheet) when:

(i) The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset has expired, or

(ii) The Company has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Company’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Financial Liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.

All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, lease liabilities, loans and borrowings etc.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial liabilities are classified in two categories:

• Financial liabilities at amortized cost

• Financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative fin ancial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognized in the profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ losses are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities at Amortized cost Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in the profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process.

Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the

statement of profit and loss. This category generally applies to borrowings.

De-recognition

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Fin ancial assets and liabilities are offset and th e net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

Reclassification of financial assets

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if th ere is a chan ge in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company’s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognized gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

W. Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are initially measured at fair value with subsequent measurement at amortized cost e.g., trade and other receivables, security deposits, loan to employees, etc.

The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance for trade receivables.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate.

As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historically observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analyzed.

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.

X. Business Combination and Goodwill

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred measured at acquisition date fair value and the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Company elects whether to measure the noncontrolling interests in the acquiree at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

The Company determines that it has acquired a business when the acquired set of activities and assets include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. The acquired process is considered substantive if it is critical to the ability to continue producing outputs, and the inputs acquired include

an organized workforce with the necessary skills, knowledge, or experience to perform that process or it significantly contributes to the ability to continue producing outputs and is considered unique or scarce or cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort, or delay in the ability to continue producing outputs.

At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired, and the liabilities assumed are recognized at their acquisition date fair values. For this purpose, the liabilities assumed include contingent liabilities representing present obligation and they are measured at their acquisition fair values irrespective of the fact that outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is not probable. However, the following assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination are measured at the basis indicated below:

• Deferred tax assets or liabilities, and the liabilities or assets related to employee benefit arrangements are recognized and measured in accordance with Ind AS 12 Income Tax and Ind AS 19 Employee Benefits respectively.

• Potential tax effects of temporary differences and carry forwards of an acquiree that exist at the acquisition date or arise as a result of the acquisition are accounted in accordance with Ind AS 12.

• Liabilities or equity instruments related to share based payment arrangements of the acquiree or share - based payments arrangements of the Group entered into to replace share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree are measured in accordance with Ind AS 102 Share-based Payments at the acquisition date.

• Assets (or disposal groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with Ind AS 105 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations are measured in accordance with that Standard.

• Reacquired rights are measured at a value determined on the basis of the remaining contractual term of the related contract. Such valuation does not consider potential renewal of the reacquired right.

When the Company acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic

circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date. This includes the separation of embedded derivatives in host contracts by the acquiree.

I f the business combination is achieved in stages, any previously held equity interest is re-measured at its acquisition date fair value and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss or OCI, as appropriate.

Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the acquirer is recognized at fair value at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration classified as an asset or liability that is a financial instrument and within the scope of Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments, is measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss in accordance with Ind AS 109. If the contingent consideration is not within the scope of Ind AS 109, it is measured in accordance with the appropriate Ind AS and shall be recognized in profit or loss. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not re-measured at subsequent reporting dates and subsequent its settlement is accounted for within equity.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognized for noncontrolling interests, and any previous interest held, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the Company reassesses whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognized at the acquisition date. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognized in OCI and accumulated in equity as capital reserve. However, if there is no clear evidence of bargain purchase, the entity recognizes the gain directly in equity as capital reserve, without routing the same through OCI.

After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Company’s cashgenerating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other

assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.

A cash generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro rata based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognized in profit or loss. An impairment loss recognized for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods.

Where goodwill has been allocated to a cashgenerating unit and part of the operation within that unit is disposed of, the goodwill associated with the disposed operation is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on disposal. Goodwill disposed in these circumstances is measured based on the relative values of the disposed operation and the portion of the cash-generating unit retained.

I f the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete.

Those provisional amounts are adjusted through goodwill during the measurement period, or additional assets or liabilities are recognized, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date. These adjustments are called as measurement period adjustments. The measurement period does not exceed one year from the acquisition date.

3. New and amended standards

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standard) Amendment Rules 2023 dated March 23, 2023, to amend the following Ind AS which are effective from April 01, 2023:

(i) Definition of Accounting Estimates - Amendments to Ind AS 8

The amendments clarify the distinction between changes in accounting estimates, changes in accounting policies and the correction of errors. It has also been clarified how entities use measurement techniques and inputs to develop accounting estimates.

The amendments had no impact on the Company’s standalone financial statements.

(ii) Disclosure of Accounting Policies - Amendments to Ind AS 1

The amendments aim to help entities provide accounting policy disclosures that are more useful by replacing the requirement for entities to disclose their ‘significant’ accounting policies with a requirement to disclose their ‘material’ accounting policies and adding guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures.

The amendments have had an impact on the Company’s disclosures of accounting policies, but not on the measurement, recognition or presentation of any items in the Company’s financial statements.

(iii) Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction - Amendments to Ind AS 12

The amendments narrow the scope of the initial recognition exception under Ind AS 12, so that it no longer applies to transactions that give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences such as leases.

The Company previously recognized for deferred tax on leases on a net basis. As a result of these amendments, the Company has recognized a separate deferred tax asset in relation to its lease liabilities and a deferred tax liability in relation to its right-of-use assets. Since, these balances qualify for offset as per the requirements of paragraph 74 of Ind AS 12,there is no impact in the balance sheet. There was also no impact on the opening retained earnings as at April 01, 2022.