1. Company overview

Mindtree Limited ('Mindtree' or 'the Company') is an international Information Technology consulting and implementation company that delivers business solutions through global software development. The Company is structured into five industry verticals - Retail, CPG and Manufacturing (RCM), Banking, Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI), Communications, Media and Technology (CMT), Travel, Transportation and Hospitality (TTH) (erstwhile Travel and Hospitality - TH) and Healthcare (HCARE) (refer note 38). The Company offers services in the areas of agile, analytics and information management, application development and maintenance, business process management, business technology consulting, cloud, digital business, independent testing, infrastructure management services, mobility, product engineering, SAP services and solutions around Internet of Things (IoT) & Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ Machine Learning (ML).

The Company is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office at Bengaluru, Karnataka, India and has offices in India, United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, United Arab Emirates (UAE), the Netherlands, Canada, Belgium, France, Ireland, Poland, Mexico, Republic of China, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Spain and New Zealand. The Company has its primary listings on the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange in India. The Company became a subsidiary of Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) with effect from July 2, 2019. The standalone financial statements were authorized for issuance by the Company's Board of Directors on April 18, 2022.

2. Significant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation and presentation

(a) Statement of compliance

These standalone financial statements (the 'financial statements') have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS") prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter. The Company has consistently applied accounting policies to all years. On March 24, 2021, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) through a notification, amended Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013 and the amendments are applicable for financial year commencing from April 1, 2021. The Company has evaluated the effect of the amendments on its financial statements and complied with the same.

(b) Basis of measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost convention and on an accrual basis, except for the following material items that have been measured at fair value as required by relevant Ind AS:

i. Derivative financial instruments;

ii. Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy on financial instruments);

iii. Share based payment transactions and

iv. Defined benefit and other long-term employee benefits.

(c) Use of estimates and judgment

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on a periodic basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. In particular, information about significant areas of estimation, uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements is included in the following notes:

(i) Revenue recognition:

(a) The Company uses the percentage of completion method using the input (cost expended) method to measure progress towards completion in respect of fixed price contracts. Percentage of completion method accounting relies on estimates of total expected contract revenue and costs. This method is followed when reasonably dependable estimates of the revenues and costs applicable to various elements of the contract can be made. Key factors that are reviewed in estimating the future costs to complete include estimates of future labour costs and productivity efficiencies. As the financial reporting of these contracts depends on estimates that are assessed continually during the term of these contracts, recognized revenue and profit are subject to revisions as the contract progresses to completion. When estimates indicate that a loss will be incurred, the loss is provided for in the year in which the loss becomes probable.

(b) Contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or together requires significant judgment based on nature of the contract, transfer of control over the product or service, ability of the product or service to benefit the customer on its own or together with other readily available resources and the ability of the product or service to be separately identifiable from other promises in the contract.

(ii) Income taxes:

The Company's two major tax jurisdictions are India and USA, though the Company also files tax returns in other foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments are involved in determining the provision for income taxes, including the amount expected to be paid or recovered in connection with uncertain tax positions. Also refer note 18.

(iii) Leases:

The Company considers all the extension-options under the commercial contract for determining the lease-term which forms the basis for the measurement of right-of-use asset and the corresponding lease-liability.

(iv) Other estimates:

The preparation of financial statements involves estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses for the reporting year. Specifically, the Company estimates the probability of collection of accounts receivable by analysing historical payment patterns, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness and current economic trends. If the financial condition of a customer deteriorates, additional allowances may be required. The stock compensation expense is determined based on the Company's estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest.

(v) Estimation uncertainty relating to COVID-19 outbreak:

The Company has considered internal and certain external sources of information including credit reports, economic forecasts and industry reports, up to the date of approval of the financial statements in determining the impact on various elements of its financial statements. The Company has used the principles of prudence in applying judgments, estimates and assumptions including sensitivity analysis and based on the current estimates, the Company has accrued its liabilities and also expects to fully recover the carrying amount of inventories, trade receivables, unbilled receivables, goodwill, intangible assets, investments and derivatives. The eventual outcome of impact of the global health pandemic may be different from that estimated as on the date of approval of these financial statements.

(vi) Estimates and judgments relating to climate change risk:

In preparing these consolidated financial statements, the Company has considered the impact of climate change risks on the valuation of assets and liabilities and there is no material impact on the financial statements as on the reporting date.

2.2 Summary of significant accounting policies

(i) Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements of the Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (i.e. the "functional currency"). The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee, the national currency of India, which is the functional currency of the Company.

(ii) Foreign currency transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currency are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the respective transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at the exchange rates prevailing at reporting date of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in the statement of profit and loss and reported within foreign exchange gains/ (losses). Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of transaction.

Foreign currency gains and losses are reported on a net basis. This includes changes in the fair value of foreign exchange derivative instruments, which are accounted at fair value through profit or loss.

(iii) Investment in subsidiaries

Investment in subsidiaries is measured at cost. Dividend income from subsidiaries is recognised when its right to receive the dividend is established.

(iv) Financial instruments

AH financial instruments are recognised initially at fair value. Transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset (other than financial assets recorded at fair value through profit or loss) are included in the fair value of the financial assets. Purchase or sale of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trade) are recognised on trade date. While, loans and borrowings and payables are recognised net of directly attributable transaction costs.

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial instruments of the Company are classified in the following categories: non-derivative financial assets comprising amortized cost, debt instruments at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI), equity instruments at FVTOCI or Fair Value Through Profit and Loss account (FVTPL), non derivative financial liabilities at amortized cost or FVTPL and derivative financial instruments (under the category of financial assets or financial liabilities) at FVTPL.

The classification of financial instruments depends on the objective of the business model for which it is held. Management determines the classification of its financial instruments at initial recognition.

(a) Non-derivative financial assets

(i) Financial assets at amortized cost

A financial asset shall be measured at amortized cost if both of the following conditions are met:

(a) the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and

(b) the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal

and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

They are presented as current assets, except for those maturing later than 12 months after the reporting date which are presented as non-current assets. Financial assets are measured initially at fair value plus transaction costs and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, less any impairment loss.

Financial assets at amortized cost are represented by trade receivables, security deposits, cash and cash equivalents, investment in term deposits, investment in debt securities, investment in commercial papers, employee and other advances and eligible current and non-current assets.

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and in banks and demand deposits with banks which can be withdrawn at any time without prior notice or penalty on the principal.

For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, in banks and demand deposits with banks, net of outstanding bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand, book overdrafts and are considered part of the Company's cash management system.

(ii) Debt instruments at FVTOCI

A debt instrument shall be measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:

(a) the objective of the business model is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

(b) the asset's contractual cash flow represent SPPI

Debt instruments included within FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting year at fair value plus transaction costs. Fair value movements are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). However, the Company recognises interest income, impairment losses & reversals and foreign exchange gain/(loss) in statement of profit and loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit and loss. Interest earned is recognised under the effective interest rate (EIR) method.

(iii) Equity instruments at FVTOCI

All equity instruments are measured at fair value. Equity instruments held for trading is classified as FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value in OCI. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividend are recognised in OCI. There is no recycling of the amount from OCI to statement of profit and loss, even on sale of the instrument. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within the equity.

(iv) Financial assets at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for financial assets. Any financial asset which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as FVTPL.

In addition the Company may elect to designate the financial asset, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency.

Financial assets included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair values with all changes recorded in the statement of profit and loss.

(b) Non-derivative financial liabilities

(i) Financial liabilities at amortized cost

Financial liabilities at amortized cost represented by borrowings, trade and other payables are initially recognized at fair value, and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.

(ii) Financial liabilities at FVTPL

Financial liabilities at FVTPL represented by contingent consideration are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

(c) Derivative financial instruments

The Company holds derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts and option contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates on foreign currency assets or liabilities and forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currencies. The counterparty for these contracts is generally a bank.

Derivatives are recognized and measured at fair value. Attributable transaction costs are recognized in statement of profit and loss.

(i) Cash flow hedges: Changes in the fair value of the derivative hedging instrument designated as a cash flow hedge are recognized in other comprehensive income and presented within equity in the cash flow hedging reserve to the extent that the hedge is effective. To the extent that the hedge is ineffective, changes in fair value are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in the cash flow hedging reserve is transferred to the statement of profit and loss upon the occurrence of the related forecasted transaction. The Company separates the intrinsic value and time value of an option and designates as hedging instruments only the change in intrinsic value of the option. The change in fair value of the time value and intrinsic value of an option is recognised in other comprehensive income and accounted as a separate component of equity. Such amounts are reclassified into the statement of profit and loss when the related hedged items affect profit and loss.

(ii) Others: Changes in fair value of foreign currency derivative instruments not designated as cash flow hedges and the ineffective portion of cash flow hedges are recognized in the statement of profit and loss and reported within foreign exchange gains/(losses).

Derecognition of financial instruments:

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flow from the financial asset expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for derecognition under Ind AS 109. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and recognises a borrowing for the proceeds received.

A financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognised from the Company's balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires.

(v) Property, plant and equipment

(a) Recognition and measurement: Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost or its deemed cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost includes expenditures directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset.

(b) Depreciation: The Company depreciates property, plant and equipment over the estimated useful life on a straight-line basis from the date the assets are available for use. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lower of estimated useful life and lease term. The estimated useful lives of assets for the current and comparative years for significant items of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date.

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. Subsequent expenditure relating to property, plant and equipment is capitalized only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Repairs and maintenance costs are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when incurred. The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial statements upon sale or disposition of the asset and the resultant gains or losses are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Amounts paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding as of each reporting date and the cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for intended use before such date are disclosed under capital advances and capital work-in-progress (CWIP) respectively.

(vi) Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment. Intangible assets are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are available for use. The estimated useful life of an identifiable intangible asset is based on a number of factors including the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition and other economic factors (such as the stability of the industry and known technological advances) and the level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset.

The estimated useful lives of intangible assets for the current and comparative years are as follows:

(vii) Business combination, Goodwill and Intangible assets

(a) Business combination

Acquisitions which satisfy the optional concentration test as per Ind AS 103 are considered as asset acquisitions and no goodwill is recognised. Purchase consideration is allocated to the identifiable assets based on their relative fair values. All other acquisitions are treated as business combinations.

Business combinations other than through common control transactions are accounted for using the purchase (acquisition) method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange. The cost of acquisition also includes the fair value of any contingent consideration. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair value on the date of acquisition.

Business combinations through common control transactions are accounted on a pooling of interests method. No adjustments are made to reflect the fair values, or recognise any new assets or liabilities, except to harmonise accounting policies. The identity of the reserves are preserved and the reserves of the transferor becomes the reserves of the transferee. The difference between consideration paid and the net assets acquired, if any, is recorded under capital reserve / retained earnings, as applicable.

Transaction costs incurred in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred. The cost of an acquisition also includes the fair value of any contingent consideration measured as at the date of acquisition. Any subsequent changes to the fair value of contingent consideration classified as liabilities, other than measurement period adjustments, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

(b) Goodwill

The excess of the cost of acquisition over the Company's share in the fair value of the acquiree's identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities is recognized as goodwill. If the excess is negative, it is considered as a bargain purchase gain.

(c) Intangible assets

Ind AS 103 requires the identifiable intangible assets and contingent consideration to be fair valued in order to ascertain the net fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquiree. Significant estimates are required to be made in determining the value of contingent consideration and intangible assets. These valuations are conducted by independent valuation experts.

(viii) Leases

The Company's lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land and buildings. The Company, at the inception of a contract, assesses whether the contract is a lease or not lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, obtain substantially all the economic benefit from use of the identified asset and direct the use of the identified asset for a time in exchange for a consideration.

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term. The Company applies Ind AS 36 to determine whether a right-of-use asset is impaired and accounts for any identified impairment loss as described under impairment of non-financial assets in (x)(c) below.

The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with periods covered by an option to extend the lease, where the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise the option.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the Company's incremental borrowing rate. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. The lease liability is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company's estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets (assets of less than USD 5,000 in value). The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense over the lease term.

(ix) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value, including necessary provision for obsolescence. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. Cost comprises of all costs of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to its present location and condition.

(x) Impairment

(a) Financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss. The Company follows 'simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If in subsequent year, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECLs are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12-months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e. all shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:

(i) AH contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension etc.) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument.

(ii) Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.

As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss on portfolio of its trade receivable. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivable and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At regular intervals, the historically observed default rates are updated and changes in forward-looking estimates are analysed. In addition to the historical pattern of credit loss, the Company has considered the likelihood of increased credit risk and consequential default by customers including revisions in the credit period provided to the customers. In making this assessment, the Company has considered current and anticipated future economic conditions relating to industries/business verticals that the company deals with and the countries where it operates. In addition the Company has also considered credit reports and other credit information for its customers to estimate the probability of default in future and has taken into account estimates of possible effect from the pandemic relating to COVID-19. The Company believes that the carrying amount of allowance for expected credit loss with respect to trade receivables, unbilled revenue and other financial assets is adequate.

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) is recognised as an income/expense in the statement of profit and loss during the year. This amount is reflected under other expenses in the statement of profit and loss. The balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments is described below:

Financial assets measured at amortized cost, contractual revenue receivable: ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e. as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

(b) Impairment of investment in subsidiaries:

The Company assesses investments in subsidiaries for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the investment in subsidiary. The recoverable amount of such investment is the higher of its fair value less cost of disposal and its value-in-use (VIU). The VIU of the investment is calculated using projected future cash flows. If the recoverable amount of the investment is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

(c) Non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that a non-financial asset or a group of non-financial assets is impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the amount of impairment loss.

An impairment loss is calculated as the difference between an asset's carrying amount and recoverable amount. Losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss and reflected in an allowance account. When the Company considers that there are no realistic prospects of recovery of the asset, the relevant amounts are written off. If the amount of impairment loss subsequently decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, then the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed through statement of profit and loss.

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (as defined below) is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the "cash-generating unit").

Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis and whenever there is an indication that goodwill may be impaired, relying on a number of factors including operating results, business plans and future cash flows. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to the Group's cash generating units (CGU) or groups of CGU's expected to benefit from the synergies arising from the business combination. A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or group of assets. Impairment occurs when the carrying amount of a CGU including the goodwill, exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the CGU. The recoverable amount of a CGU is the higher of its fair value less cost to sell and its value-in-use. Value-in-use is the present value of future cash flows expected to be derived from the CGU.

Total impairment loss of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the CGU and then to the other assets of the CGU prorata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the CGU. An impairment loss on goodwill is recognised in statement of profit and loss and is not reversed in the subsequent period.

(xi) Employee benefits

The Company participates in various employee benefit plans. Post-employment benefits are classified as either defined contribution plans or defined benefit plans. Under a defined contribution plan, the Company's only obligation is to pay a fixed amount with no obligation to pay further contributions if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all employee benefits. The related actuarial and investment risks fall on the employee. The expenditure for defined contribution plans is recognized as expense during the year when the employee provides service. Under a defined benefit plan, it is the Company's obligation to provide agreed benefits to the employees. The related actuarial and investment risks fall on the Company. The present value of the defined benefit obligations is calculated using the projected unit credit method.

The Company has the following employee benefit plans:

(a) Social security plans

Employer contributions payable to social security plans, which are defined contribution schemes, are charged to the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the employee renders services.

(b) Gratuity

In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the Company provides for a lump sum payment to eligible employees, at retirement or termination of employment based on the last drawn salary and years of employment with the Company. The gratuity fund is managed by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company and SBI Life Insurance Company. The Company's obligation in respect of the gratuity plan, which is a defined benefit plan, is provided for based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method.

Actuarial gains or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income. Further, the profit or loss does not include an expected return on plan assets. Instead net interest recognized in profit or loss is calculated by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The actual return on the plan assets above or below the discount rate is recognized as part of re-measurement of net defined liability or asset through other comprehensive income.

Remeasurements comprising of actuarial gains or losses and return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability) are not reclassified to statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods.

(c) Compensated absences

The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences. The employees can carry forward a portion of the unutilised accumulating compensated absences and utilise it in future periods or receive cash at retirement or termination of employment. The Company records an obligation for compensated absences in the period in which the employee renders the services that increases this entitlement. The Company measures the expected cost of compensated absences as the additional

amount that the Company expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the end of the reporting period. The Company recognizes accumulated compensated absences based on actuarial valuation. Non-accumulating compensated absences are recognized in the period in which the absences occur. The Company recognizes actuarial gains and losses immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

(xii) Share based payments

Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of equity settled instruments, for rendering services over a defined vesting period. Equity instruments granted are measured by reference to the fair value of the instrument at the date of grant.

The expense is recognized in the statement of profit and loss with a corresponding increase to the share based payment reserve, a component of equity.

The equity instruments generally vest in a graded manner over the vesting period. The fair value determined at the grant date is expensed over the vesting period of the respective tranches of such grants (accelerated amortization). The stock compensation expense is determined based on the Company's estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest.

The fair value of the amount payable to the employees in respect of phantom stocks, which are settled in cash, is recognized as an expense with a corresponding increase in liabilities, over the period during which the employees become unconditionally entitled to payment. The liability is remeasured at each reporting date and at settlement date based on the fair value of the phantom stock options plan. Any changes in the liability are recognized in statement of profit and loss.

(xiii) Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting year, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, the receivable is recognized as an asset, if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.

Provisions for onerous contracts are recognized when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from a contract are lower than the unavoidable costs of meeting the future obligations under the contract. Provisions for onerous contracts are measured at the present value of lower of the expected net cost of fulfilling the contract and the expected cost of terminating the contract.

(xiv) Revenue

The Company derives revenue primarily from software development and related services. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

Revenue from customer contracts are considered for recognition and measurement when the contract has been approved by the parties to the contract, the parties to contract are committed to perform their respective obligations under the contract, and the contract is legally enforceable. Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. To recognise revenues, the Company applies the following five step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognise revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied. When there is uncertainty as to collectability, revenue recognition is postponed until such uncertainty is resolved.

At contract inception, the Company assesses its promise to transfer products or services to a customer to identify separate performance obligations. The Company applies judgement to determine whether each product or service promised to a customer is capable of being distinct, and are distinct in the context of the contract, if not, the promised products or services are combined and accounted as a single performance obligation. The Company allocates the arrangement consideration to separately identifiable performance obligations based on their relative stand-alone selling price or residual method. Stand-alone selling prices are determined based on sale prices for the components when it is regularly sold separately, in cases where the Company is unable to determine the stand-alone selling price the Company uses third-party prices for similar deliverables or the Company uses expected cost-plus margin approach in estimating the stand-alone selling price.

The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers control over a product or a service to a customer. The method for recognizing revenues and costs depends on the nature of the services rendered:

(a) Time and materials contracts

Revenues and costs relating to time and materials contracts are recognized as the related services are rendered.

(b) Fixed-price contracts

Revenues from fixed-price contracts are recognized using the "percentage-of-completion" method. Percentage of completion is determined based on project costs incurred to date as a percentage of total estimated project costs required to complete the project. The cost expended (or input) method is used to measure progress towards completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity.

If the Company does not have a sufficient basis to measure the progress of completion or to estimate the total contract revenues and costs, revenue is recognized only to the extent of contract cost incurred for which recoverability is probable.

When total cost estimates exceed revenues in an arrangement, the estimated losses are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates.

(c) Maintenance contracts

Revenue from maintenance contracts is recognized ratably over the period of the contract. When services are performed through an indefinite number of repetitive acts over a specified period of time, revenue is recognized on a straight line basis over the specified period or under some other method that better represents the stage of completion.

In arrangements for software development and related services and maintenance services, the Company applies the guidance in Ind AS 115, 'Revenue from Contracts with Customers', by applying the revenue recognition criteria for each of the distinct performance obligation. The arrangements generally meet the criteria for considering software development and related services as distinct performance obligation. For allocating the consideration, the Company measures the revenue in respect of distinct performance obligation at its standalone selling price, in accordance with principles given in Ind AS 115.

The Company accounts for variable considerations like, volume discounts, rebates, pricing incentives to customers and penalties as reduction of revenue on a systematic and rational basis over the period of the contract. The Company estimates an amount of such variable consideration using expected value method or the single most likely amount in a range of possible consideration depending on which method better predicts the amount of consideration to which the Company may be entitled and when it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.

Revenues are shown net of sales tax, value added tax, service tax, goods and services tax and applicable discounts and allowances.

The Company accrues the estimated cost of post contract support services at the time when the revenue is recognized. The accruals are based on the Company's historical experience of material usage and service delivery costs.

Incremental costs that relate directly to a contract and incurred in securing a contract with a customer are recognised as an asset when the Company expects to recover these costs and amortized over the contract term.

The Company recognises contract fulfilment cost as an asset if those costs specifically relate to a contract or to an anticipated contract, the costs generate or enhance resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in future; and the costs are expected to be recovered. The asset so recognised is amortized on a systematic basis consistent with the transfer of goods or services to customer to which the asset relates.

The Company assesses the timing of the transfer of goods or services to the customer as compared to the timing of payments to determine whether a significant financing component exists. As a practical expedient, the Company does not assess the existence of a significant financing component when the difference between payment and transfer of deliverables is a year or less. If the difference in timing arises for reasons other than the provision of finance to either the customer or us, no financing component is deemed to exist.

Estimates of transaction price and total costs or efforts are continuously monitored over the term of the contract and are recognised in net profit in the year when these estimates change or when the estimates are revised. Revenues and the estimated total costs or efforts are subject to revision as the contract progresses.

'Unbilled revenues' represent cost and earnings in excess of billings as at the end of the reporting year.

'Unearned revenues' represent billing in excess of revenue recognized. Advance payments received from customers for which no services are rendered are presented as 'Advance from customers'.

(xv) Warranty provisions

The Company provides warranty provisions on its products / services, as applicable. A provision is recognised at the time the product / service is sold. The Company does not provide extended warranties or maintenance contracts to its customers.

(xvi) Finance income and expense

Finance income consists of interest income on funds invested, dividend income and gains on the disposal of FVTPL financial assets. Interest income is recognized as it accrues in the statement of profit and loss, using the effective interest rate method.

Dividend income is recognized in the statement of profit and loss on the date that the Company's right to receive payment is established.

Finance expenses consist of interest expense on loans, borrowings and lease liabilities. Borrowing costs are recognized in the statement of profit and loss using the effective interest rate method.

(xvii) Income tax

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognized in the statement of profit and loss except to the extent it relates to items directly recognized in equity or in other comprehensive income.

(a) Current income tax

Current income tax liability / (asset) for the current and prior years are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities based on the taxable income for the year. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the current tax amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and applicable for the year. The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and liability simultaneously.

(b) Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in financial statements, except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profits or loss at the time of the transaction.

Deferred income tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.

Deferred income tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except in respect of taxable temporary differences that is expected to reverse within the tax holiday period.

The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

The Company offsets deferred income tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities, and they relate to taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity, or on different taxable entities where there is a right and an intention to settle the current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously.

(xviii) Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year, adjusted for treasury shares held and bonus elements in equity shares issued during the year.

Diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic EPS and also weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each year presented. The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted for bonus shares, as appropriate.

(xix) Research and development (R&D) costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development costs are expensed as incurred unless technical and commercial feasibility of the project is demonstrated, future economic benefits are probable, the Company has an intention and ability to complete and use or sell the software and the costs can be measured reliably.

(xx) Government grants

Grants from the Government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that:

(i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them; and

(ii) the grant will be received.

Government grants related to revenue are recognised on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs which they are intended to compensate. Such grants are deducted in reporting the related expense. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as income over the expected useful life of the asset.

Where the Company receives non-monetary grants, the asset is accounted for on the basis of its acquisition cost. In case a non-monetary asset is given free of cost it is recognised at a fair value. When loan or similar assistance are provided by government or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favourable interest is recognized as government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognized and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. A repayment of government grant is accounted for as a change in accounting estimate. Repayment of grant is recognised by reducing the deferred income balance, if any and the rest of the amount is charged to statement of profit and loss.

(xxi) Dividend and withholding tax

Final dividends on shares are recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company's Board of Directors. The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian rupees and are subject to applicable withholding tax.

(xxii) Statement of cashflows

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit for the year is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cashflows are segregated into and presented as cashflows from operating, investing and financing activities.

(xxiii) Non-current assets held for sale

Non-current assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such asset and its sale is highly probable. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

Recent pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On March 23, 2022, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2022, applicable from April 1, 2022, as below:

a) Ind AS 103 - Reference to Conceptual Framework

The amendments specify that to qualify for recognition as part of applying the acquisition method, the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed must meet the definitions of assets and liabilities in the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting under Indian Accounting Standards (Conceptual Framework) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India at the acquisition date. These changes do not significantly change the requirements of Ind AS 103. The Company does not expect the amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

b) Ind AS 16 - Proceeds before intended use

The amendments mainly prohibit an entity from deducting from the cost of property, plant and equipment amounts received from selling items produced while the company is preparing the asset for its intended use. Instead, an entity will recognise such sales proceeds and related cost in profit or loss. The Company does not expect the amendments to have any impact in its recognition of its property, plant and equipment in its financial statements.

c) Ind AS 37 - Onerous Contracts - Costs of fulfilling a contract

The amendments specify that that the 'cost of fulfilling' a contract comprises the 'costs that relate directly to the contract'. Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labour, materials) or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts. The amendment is essentially a clarification and the Company does not expect the amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

d) Ind AS 109 - Annual improvements to Ind AS (2021)

The amendment clarifies which fees an entity includes when it applies the '10 percent' test of Ind AS 109 in assessing whether to derecognise a financial liability. The Company does not expect the amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.