2 Significant accounting policies

2.1 Statement of Compliance

These standalone financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as “Ind AS”) prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as amended from time to time.

2.2 Basis for preparation of standalone financial statements:

These standalone financial statements have been prepared in Indian Rupee which is the functional currency of the Company.

These standalone financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair value or amortised cost at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle. Based on the nature of services rendered to customers and time elapsed between deployment of resources and the realisation in cash and cash equivalents of the consideration for such services rendered, the Company has considered an operating cycle of 12 months.

2.3 Use of estimates:

The preparation of standalone financial statements requires the management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the date of standalone financial statements, disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the standalone financial statements, and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reported period. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.

Critical accounting estimates

(i) Revenue recognition

The Company applies the percentage of completion method in accounting for its fixed price development contracts. Use of the percentage of completion method requires the Company to estimate the efforts or costs expended to date (input method) as a proportion of the total efforts or costs to be expended. Efforts or costs expended have been used to measure progress towards completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity. Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the expected contract estimates at the reporting date.

Judgement is also required to determine the transaction price for the contract and to describe the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation. The transaction price could be either a fixed amount of customer consideration or variable consideration with elements such as volume discounts, service level credits, performance bonuses, price concessions and incentives. The transaction price is also adjusted for the effects of the time value of money if the contract includes a significant financing component. Any consideration payable to the customer is adjusted to the transaction price, unless it is a payment for a distinct product or service from the customer. The estimated amount of variable consideration is adjusted in the transaction price only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur and is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. The Company allocates the elements of variable considerations to all the performance obligations of the contract unless there is observable evidence that they pertain to one or more distinct performance obligations.

The Company exercises judgments while determining the transaction price allocated to performance obligations using the expected cost plus margin approach.

2.3 Use of estimates: (Continued...)

Critical accounting estimates (Continued.)

(ii) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset's expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of Company's assets are determined by management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed at the end of each reporting period. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technology.

(iii) Provisions

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

(iv) Business combinations and intangible assets

Business combinations are accounted for using Ind AS 103. which requires the identifiable net assets and contingent consideration to be fair valued in order to ascertain the net fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquiree. Significant estimates are required to be made in determining the value of contingent consideration and intangible assets and their estimated useful life. These valuations are generally conducted by independent valuation experts.

(v) Impairment of Goodwill

Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis and whenever there is an indication that the recoverable amount of a cash generating unit is less than its carrying amount based on a number of factors including operating results, business plans, future cash flows and economic conditions. The recoverable amount of cash generating units is determined based on higher of value-in-use and fair value less cost to sell. “The goodwill impairment test is performed at the level of the cash-generating unit or Company's of cash-generating units which are benefitting from the synergies of the acquisition and which represents the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes. Market related information and estimates are used to determine the recoverable amount. Key assumptions on which management has based its determination of recoverable amount include estimated long term growth rates, weighted average cost of capital and estimated operating margins. Cash flow projections take into account past experience and represent management's best estimate about future developments.

(vi) Defined benefit plans and compensated absences

The cost of the defined benefit plans, compensated absences and the present value of the defined benefit obligation are based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

(vii) Expected credit losses on financial assets

The impairment provisions of financial assets are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected timing of collection. The Company uses judgment in making these assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on the Company's past history, customer's creditworthiness, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.

(viii) Other estimates

The share based compensation expense is determined based on the Company's estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest.

2.4 Property, plant and equipment (PPE)

Recognition and measurement

Property, plant & equipment and intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation/amortisation and net of impairment. Cost of an item of PPE comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable costs of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated cost of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located. Subsequent expenditure relating to PPE is capitalized only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

The cost of property, plant and equipment not ready / available for use as at each reporting date is disclosed under capital work in progress.

Depreciation

Depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation on PPE (including assets taken on lease), other than freehold land, is charged based on the straight line method on the estimated useful life as prescribed in schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except in respect of the certain categories of assets, where the life of the assets has been assessed based on internal technical estimate, considering the nature of the asset and estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes.

The estimated useful life of intangible assets (software) is 3 to 5 years and these are amortised on a straight line basis. Project specific intangible assets are amortised over their estimated useful life on a straight line basis or over the period of the license/project period, whichever is lower.

The estimated useful life and residual values of PPE and intangible assets are reviewed at the end of each reporting period.

Assets acquired under leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of estimated useful life of the asset or the related lease term.

Intellectual Property Rights ('IPR') comprise right to use for licensed software. The Company has recognised the IPR based on consideration paid. Subsequent to initial recognition, the intangible asset is measured at cost, less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. The IPR's are amortised over their estimated useful life of the asset on a straight line basis.

An item of Property, PPE and intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of PPE and intangible assets is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in Statement of profit or loss.

2.5 Leases

At inception of the contract, the Company determines whether the contract is a lease or contains a lease arrangement. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

The Company recognises right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term at the lease commencement date. The cost of the right-of-use asset (ROU) measured at inception shall comprise of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to be incurred by the lessee in dismantling and removing the underlying asset or restoring the underlying asset or site on which it is located. The ROU assets is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The ROU assets is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of ROU asset. The estimated useful lives of ROU assets are determined on the same basis as those of PPE. ROU assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

The Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date of the lease. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses incremental borrowing rate. For leases with reasonably similar characteristics, the Company, on a lease by lease basis, may adopt either the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease or the incremental borrowing rate for the portfolio as a whole. The lease payments shall include fixed payments, variable lease payments, residual value guarantees, exercise price of a purchase option where the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease. The lease liability is subsequently remeasured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability, reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made and remeasuring the carrying amount to reflect any reassessment or lease modifications or to reflect revised in-substance fixed lease payments.

The Company recognises the amount of the remeasurement of lease liability as an adjustment to the ROU asset. Where the carrying amount of the ROU asset is reduced to zero and there is a further reduction in the measurement of the lease liability, the Company recognises any remaining amount of the re-measurement in standalone statement of profit and loss.

The Company has elected not to apply the requirements of Ind AS 116 to short-term leases of all assets that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases for which the underlying asset is of low value. The lease payments associated with these leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

2.6 Business combinations

Business combinations are accounted for using the purchase (acquisition) method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets transferred, liabilities incurred or assumed and equity instruments issued at the date of exchange by the Company. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at fair value at the date of acquisition. Transaction costs incurred in connection with a business acquisition are expenses as incurred.

When the consideration transferred by the Company in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a contingent arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition date fair value and included as part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Contingent consideration that is classified as an asset or liability is remeasured at subsequent reporting dates in accordance with IND AS 109 Financial Instruments or IND AS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, with the corresponding gain or loss being recognised in standalone statement of profit or loss.

2.7 Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill represents the cost of acquired business as established at the date of acquisition of the business in excess of the acquirer's interest in the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually or when events or circumstances indicate that the implied fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying amount.

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured at cost of acquisition. Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are measured at fair value as at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses, if any.

2.8 Impairment of assets

(i) Financial assets

The Company applies the expected credit loss model for recognizing impairment loss on financial assets

Expected credit loss is the difference between the contractual cash flows and the cash flows that the entity expects to receive discounted using effective interest rate.

Loss allowances for trade receivables are measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. Lifetime expected credit losses are the expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. Lifetime expected credit loss is computed based on a provision matrix which takes in to the account historical credit loss experience adjusted for forward looking information. For other financial assets, expected credit loss is measured at the amount equal to twelve months expected credit loss unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition, in which case those are measured at lifetime expected credit loss.

(ii) Non-financial assets

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite life are evaluated for recoverability whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

(iii) Goodwill

Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis and whenever there is an indication that goodwill may be impaired, relying on a number of factors including operating results, business plans and future cash flows.

The Company estimates the value-in-use of the cash generating unit (CGU) based on the future cash flows after considering current economic conditions and trends, estimated future operating results and growth rate and anticipated future economic and regulatory conditions. The estimated cash flows are developed using internal forecasts. The discount rate used for the CGU's represent the weighted average cost of capital based on the historical market returns of comparable companies.

2.9 Inventories Raw material:

Raw material are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on weighted average method. Finished goods:

Finished goods are valued at the lower of the cost or net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average method.

Projects in progress / Work in progress:

Hardware equipment and other items are carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on a specific identification basis. Cost includes material cost, freight and other incidental expenses incurred in bringing the inventory to the present location / condition.

2.10 Revenue recognition

The Company derives revenues primarily from information technology services comprising software development, consulting and related services.

The Company's contracts with customers include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Revenues from customer contracts are considered for recognition and measurement when the contract has been approved, in writing, by the parties to the contract, the parties to the contract are committed to perform their respective obligations under the contract, and the contract is legally enforceable. The Company assesses the services promised in a contract and identifies distinct performance obligations in the contract. Identification of distinct performance obligations to determine the deliverables and the ability of the customer to benefit independently from such deliverables, and allocation of transaction price to these distinct performance obligations involves significant judgment.

2.10 Revenue recognition (continued..)

(i) Revenue from time and material and job contracts is recognised on the basis of time spent, efforts expended

(ii) In respect of other fixed-price contracts, revenue is recognised using percentage-of-completion method ('POC method') of accounting with contract costs incurred determining the degree of completion of the performance obligation. The contract costs used in computing the revenues include cost of fulfilling warranty obligations.

(iii) Revenue from the sale of distinct internally developed software and manufactured systems and third party software is recognised upfront at the point in time when the system / software is delivered to the customer. In cases where implementation and / or customisation services rendered significantly modifies or customises the software, these services and software are accounted for as a single performance obligation and revenue is recognised over time on a POC method.

(iv) Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, which is the consideration, adjusted for volume discounts, service level credits, performance bonus, price concessions and incentives, if any, as specified in the contract with the customer. Revenue also excludes taxes collected from customers.

(v) License agreements that require payment of license fees contain a single performance obligation that represents ongoing access to a portfolio of intellectual property over the license term since such agreements provide the licensee the right to access a portfolio of intellectual property that exists at inception of the license agreement and to updates and new intellectual property that is added to the licensed portfolio during the term of the agreement that are highly interdependent or interrelated. Since we expect to expend efforts to develop and transfer updates to our licensed portfolio on an even or specified timeline basis, license fees are recognized as revenues on a straightline or milestone basis over the estimated period of benefit of the license to the licensee.

(vi) Contracts assets are recognised when there is excess of revenue earned over billings on contracts. Contract assets are classified as unbilled revenue when there is unconditional right to receive cash, and only passage of time is required, as per contractual terms.

(vii) Contract liability (unearned revenue) is recognised when there is billings in excess of revenues.

(viii) The amount recognized as a warranty provision is based on the estimated costs that the company expects to incur to fulfil its warranty obligations. The provision is measured at its best estimate, which considers factors such as historical warranty claims, repair or replacement costs, and the experience of similar products. If the warranty costs are expected to be incurred beyond one year, the provision may be discounted to reflect the time value of money.

Interest income

Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on, time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset's net carrying amount on initial recognition.

2.11 Foreign currencies

In preparing the Standalone Financial Statements of the Company, transactions in currencies other than the Company's functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in statement of profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

2.12 Financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in profit or loss.

(i) Non-derivative financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents.

Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method less impairment losses, if these financial assets are held within a business model whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value

Financial assets not measured at amortised cost are carried at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) on initial recognition, unless the Company irrevocably elects on initial recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in 'other comprehensive income', for investment in equity instruments which are not held for trading.

The Company, on initial application of IND AS 109 Financial Instruments has made an irrevocable election to present in 'other comprehensive income', subsequent changes in fair value of equity instruments not held for trading.

Financial asset at FVTPL, are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in profit or loss.

Investment in subsidiaries

Investment in subsidiaries is carried at cost less impairment as per Ind AS 27 Separate Financial Statements. Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method or at FVTPL. For financial liabilities carried at amortised cost, the carrying amounts approximate fair values due to the short term maturities of these instruments. Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is either contingent consideration recognised in a business combination, or is held for trading or it is designated as FVTPL. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in profit and loss.

(ii) Derecognition of financial instruments

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company retains substantially all the risk and rewards of transferred financial assets, the Company continues to recognize the financial asset and also recognizes the borrowing for the proceeds received.

The Company derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company's obligation are discharged, cancelled or have expired.

(iii) Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined in accordance with impairment requirements of Ind AS 109; and the amount initially recognised less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognised in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 115.

2.13 Employee benefits

a Defined benefit plans

For defined benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling and the return on plan assets (excluding interest), is reflected immediately in the balance sheet with a charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. The gratuity plan provides for a lump sum payment to employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of the employment based on the respective employee's last drawn salary and the tenure of the employment.

2.13 Employee benefits (continued...) b Defined contribution plans

Provident fund and ESIC: The Company's contributions to defined contribution plans are charged to the statement of profit and loss as and when the services are received from the employees.

c Compensated absences:

The Company provides for compensated absences and long term service awards subject to Company's rules. The employees are entitled to accumulate leave subject to certain limits, for future encashment or availment. The liability is accrued based on the number of days of unavailed leave at each Balance Sheet date and the awards are accrued based on number years of service of an employee. It is measured at the balance sheet date on the basis of an independent actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit method.

Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the Standalone statement of profit and loss in the period in which they occur.

d Other short-term employee benefits / bonus

Other short-term employee benefits such as bonus overseas social security contributions and performance incentives expected to be paid in exchange for services rendered by employees, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss during the period when the employee renders the service.

2.14 Taxation

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

Current tax

Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

2.15 Employee stock option plans:

Equity instruments granted are measured by reference to the fair value of the instrument at the date of grant. The equity instruments generally vest in a graded manner over the vesting period. The fair value determined at the grant date is expensed over the vesting period of the respective tranches of such grants (accelerated amortization). The share based compensation expense is determined based on the Company's estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest.

The expense is recognized in the Standalone statement of profit and loss with a corresponding increase to the 'share option outstanding account', which is a component of equity.

2.16 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is calculated by dividing the net profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for any bonus shares issued during the period.

For calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the equity shares been actually issued at fair value(i.e. the average market value of the outstanding equity shares).