1. SIGNIFICANT ACCONTING POLICIES
Statement of Compliance with Ind AS
In accordance with the notification dated 16th February, 2015, issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the Company has adopted Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as “Ind AS”) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) with effect from 1st April, 2016 with restatement of previous year figures presented in this financial statements. Accordingly, the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ([Act[) read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendment) Rules, 2016.
The Company has adopted all the applicable Ind AS and the adoption was carried out in accordance with Ind AS-101 First time adoption of Indian Accounting Standards.
The transition was carried out from Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India which comprised of applicable Accounting Standards specified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, other pronouncements of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), relevant applicable provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, and the Companies Act, 2013 to the extent applicable and the applicable guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (“Previous GAAP).
These financial statements for the year ended 31st March, 2018 are the first financial statements of the Company prepared in accordance with Ind AS. The date of transition to Ind AS is 1st April, 2016.
All the Ind AS issued and notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) till the financial statements are approved for issue by the Board of Directors has been considered in preparing these financial statements.
A. Basis of Accounting & Preparation of Financial Statements
These financial statements are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting, under the historical cost convention except for the following:
i) Certain financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value;
There is no change in the system of accounting as being consistently followed from earlier years unless otherwise stated.
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per company’s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of operations and time between procurement of raw material and realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities
B. Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known/ materialised.
C. Property, plant and equipment (PPE) and Capital work-in-progress (CWIP) Transition to Ind AS
The Company has elected to continue with carrying value of all Property, plant and equipment and Capital work-in-progress (CWIP) under the previous GAAP as deemed cost as at the transition date i.e. 1st April, 2016.
Under the previous GAAP, Property, plant and equipment were stated at their original cost (net of accumulated depreciation and impairment) adjusted by revaluation of certain assets.
The Property, plant and equipment (PPE) and Capital work-in-progress (CWIP) are stated at cost net of cenvat credit and/or at revalued price less accumulated depreciation and Accumulated Impairment.
Useful life of assets are considered on the basis of schedule-II of Companies Act 2013.
Subsequent costs are included in the assets carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.
D. Leased Assets
Operating Leases: Rentals are expensed with reference to lease terms and other considerations.
E. Intangible Assets Transition to Ind AS:
The Company has elected to continue with carrying value of computer software under the previous GAAP, as deemed cost as at the transition date i.e. 1st April, 2016. Under the previous GAAP, computer software was stated at their original cost (net of accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment, if any).
Intangible assets expected to provide future enduring economic benefits are recorded at the consideration paid for acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortization and impairment, if any.
F. Depreciation and Amortisation
Depreciation on fixed assets is provided to the extent of depreciable amount on straight line method (SLM) at the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 over their useful life. Intangible Assets are amortised over a period of 10 years considering the useful life of the underlying assets on Straight Line Basis.
G. Impairment of Assets
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of asset exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.
H. Foreign Currency Transactions
(a) Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction or that approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction.
(b) Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at the yearend are restated at year end rates. In case of items which are covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the yearend rate and rate on the date of the contract is recognised as exchange difference
(c) Non monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost.
(d) Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognised in the Profit and Loss account except in case of long term liabilities, where they relate to acquisition of fixed assets, in which case they are adjusted to the carrying cost of such assets.
I. Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
- In the principal market for the asset or liability; or
- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
- Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
- Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
- Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
The management determines the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement, such as derivative instruments and unquoted financial assets measured at fair value, and for non-recurring measurement, such as assets held for distribution in discontinued operations.
External valuers are involved for valuation of significant assets, such as properties. Involvement of external valuers is decided by the management after discussion with and approval by the Company® management. Selection criteria include market knowledge, reputation, independence and whether professional standards are maintained. The management decides, after discussions with the Company’s external valuers, which valuation techniques and inputs to use for each case.
At each reporting date, the management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be remeasured or re-assessed as per the Company® accounting policies. For this analysis, the management verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents.
The management, in conjunction with the Company’s external valuers, also compares the change in the fair value of each asset and liability with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Balance sheet when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value.
Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. The financial assets include equity and debt securities, trade and other receivables, loans and advances, cash and bank balances and derivative financial instruments.
Subsequent measurement
For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:
1) At amortised cost,
2) At fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), and
3) At fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).
Debt instruments at amortised cost
A [debt instruments measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
1) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset for collecting contractual cash flows, and
2) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR.
Equity investments
All equity investments in the scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value except in case of investment in subsidiary carried at deemed cost and associate carried at cost.
Deemed cost is the carrying amount under the previous GAAP as at the transition date i.e. 1st April, 2016. Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category, if any, are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in profit or loss. The Company may make an irrevocable election to present in OCI subsequent changes in the fair value.
The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable. When the fair value has been determined based on level 3 inputs, the difference between the fair value at initial recognition and the transaction price is deferred and after initial recognition deferred difference is recognised as gain or loss to the extent it arises from change in input to valuation technique. If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in OCI.
There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to profit or loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
De-recognition
The Company derecognizes a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expires or it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset.
J. Inventories
Items of inventories are measured at lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for obsolescence, if any. Cost of inventories comprises of cost of purchase, charges in bringing them to their respective present location and condition.
K. Revenue Recognition
Revenue from Fixed Price Software Contracts is recognised principally on the basis of completed Milestones as specified in the contracts.
Software Development and Services are recognised on time basis as per terms of specified contracts
Sale of Software / Hardware products is recognised on the dispatch of goods from company® premises. No provision has been made for possible returns or expenses during the warranty period.
Income from Annual Maintenance Contracts, Web Hosting and Domain Registration are accounted for in the ratio of period expired to the total period of the contract and the amount received from the customers towards the unexpired portion of such contract is treated as advance received.
Interest Income is recognized on time proportion basis.
L. Employee Benefits
(a) Short-term employee benefits are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Profit and Loss account of the year in which the related service is rendered.
(b) Post employment benefits:
Defined contribution plans:
A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays specified contributions to a separate entity and has no obligation to pay any further amounts. The company makes specified monthly contributions towards provident fund. The Company’s contribution is recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss during the period in which employee renders the related service.
Defined benefit plan:
The Company’s gratuity benefit scheme is a defined benefit plan. The Company’s net obligation in respect of a defined benefit plan is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value, and the fair value of any plan assets is deducted.
The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plan is determined based on actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method, which recognizes each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation.
The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plan, are based on the market yields on Government securities as at the balance sheet date.
When the calculation results in a benefit to the Company, the recognized asset is limited to the net total of any unrecognized actuarial losses and past service costs and the present value of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan.
Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in the other comprehensive income
Long term employment benefits
The Company’s net obligation in respect of long-term employment benefits is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods. The obligation is calculated using the projected unit credit method and is discounted to its present value and the fair value of any related assets is deducted. The discount rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plan, are based on the market yields on Government securities as at the balance sheet date.
M. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Profit and Loss account.
N. Provision for Current and Deferred Tax
Provision for current tax is made after taking into consideration benefits admissible under the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961.
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statement and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction (other than a business combination) affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit (tax loss).
Deferred tax assets are recognised for the carry forward of unused tax losses and unused tax credit to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax losses and unused tax credits can be utilised. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised on all taxable temporary differences.
O. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.
P. Estimated fair value of unlisted securities
The fair values of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market and cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets is determined using valuation techniques including the net assets value (NAV) model. The Group uses its judgment to select a variety of method / methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at the end of each financial year. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.
Q. The previous year figures have been regrouped / reclassified, wherever necessary to confirm to the current year presentation.
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