1 General Information
Nath Bio-Genes (India) Limited (CIN L01110MH1993PLC072842) is incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 with its registered office at Nath House, Nath Road,Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar. The company is engaged in the business of Production, Processing, and Marketing of Hybrid and GM Seeds. The Company has a product range of Field crops, Vegetable crops and Plant Nutrient Supplements. The major Processing Plants are situated at Aurangabad (MS), and Munipalli, Nizamabad (TG). The company has a Pan India presence for sales through an extensive network of distributors.
2 MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
A Basis of Preparation and Presentation
i) The financial statements are prepared in accordance with applicable Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) and on accounting principles of going concern. These financial statements have been prepared to comply with all material aspects with the Indian accounting standards notified under section 133 of the Act, (the "Act") read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, and the other relevant provisions of the Act.
ii) Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policies hitherto in use.
iii) All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Act. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current classification of assets and liabilities.
B REVENUE RECONGNTION
i) Revenue is recognised at the transaction value of the consideration received or receivable where the ownership and significant risk has been transferred to the buyer.
ii) Interest on overdue debtors is accounted for as and when received, as the collection cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty.
iii) Sales return are accounted for / provided for in the year in which they pertain to, as ascertained till finalization of the books of account.
iv) Compensation on account of crop quality discounts are accounted for as and when settled.
C PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENTS
i) Land and buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes, are stated in the balance sheet at deemed cost less and accumulated depreciation. Freehold land is not depreciated.
ii) Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company's accounting policy. Such properties are classified to the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.
iii) Furniture and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.
iv) An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised to the standalone statement of profit and loss.
v) Seed Development know how and software acquired by the compnay are capitalised at the cost of acquisition. Expenses incurred on brands are capitalised.
vi) Live stock is stated at cost without any depreciation/ impairment
D BIOLOGICAL ASSETS
Recognition and measurement
The company recognises the biological asset (agricultural produce) when:
(a) the company controls the asset as a result of past events;
(b) it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the company; and
(c) the fair value or cost of the asset can be measured reliably
The biological asset are measured at the end of each reporting period at its fair value less costs to sell.
E CAPITAL WORK-IN-PROGRESS
Expenditure related to and incurred during the implementation of the projects is included under Capital Work-in-Progress and the same are capitalized under the appropriate heads on completion of the projects.
F DEPRECIATION / AMORTIZATION
A) Depreciation on tangible Property, Plant & Equipments is provided for on the basis of useful life specified in Schedule II to the Act, which is as under:-
Assets Useful life year
i) Factory Building 30
ii) Plant & Machineries 15
iii) Laboratory Equipment 10
iv) Agricultural Equipment's 15
v) Office Equipment's 15
vi) EDP Equipment's 3
vii) Furniture & Fixture 10
viii) Motor Car & Light Vehicle 8
B) Amortisation of intangible assets is provided as under:-
Assets Useful life year
i) Seed Development Know How 10
ii) Brands 10
iii) Software 3/10
G IMPAIRMENT
(i) Assessment is done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. For the purpose of assessing impairment, the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets, is considered as a cash generating unit. If any such indication exists, an estimate of the recoverable amount of the asset/cash generating unit is made. Assets whose carrying value exceeds their recoverable amount are written down to the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an asset’s or cash generating unit’s net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Assessment is also done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in prior accounting periods may no longer exist or may have decreased.
(ii) The assets which have completed their respective useful life have been fully impaired and deducted from the cost of assets.
H RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE:
The research expenditure incurred is charged off to the Statement of Profit & Loss.
I INVENTORIES:
i) Inventories comprise of Unprocessed seeds, Under- Processed Seeds, Processed Seeds, Packing Material and traded goods. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or the net realisable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost is determined on Weighted Average basis. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to their present location and condition and receiving charges.
ii) The cost of Under-Processed Seeds and Processed Seeds comprises of lease rental, direct labour, other direct costs and related production overheads. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
J FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS:
i) Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the rate prevailing on the date of the transaction.
ii) Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency outstanding as at the year-end are stated at the rates of exchange prevailing at the close of the year. The resultant gains/losses of the year are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
K LEASES:
Leases which are short term and cancelable at the option of lessor / lessee are treated as operating leases and lease rent payable on such leases is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss Account.
L EMPLOYEES BENEFITS:
Liability as at the year end in respect of retirement benefits is provided for and/ or funded and charged to Statement of Profit and Loss as follows:
i) Provident Fund / Family Pensions:
At a percentage of salary/wages for eligible employees.
ii) Retirement benefit costs and termination benefit
The Company determines the present value of the defined benefit obligation and recognizes the liability or asset in the balance sheet.
The present value of the obligation is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each year
Defined benefit costs are composed of:
(a) service cost - recognized in profit or loss; service cost comprises (i) current cost which is the increase in the present value of defined benefit obligations resulting from employee service in the current period, (ii) past service cost which is the increase in the present value of defined benefit obligations resulting from employee service in the prior periods resulting from a plan amendment, and (iii) gain or loss on settlement.
(b) remeasurements of the liability or asset - recognized in other comprehensive income.
(c) remeasurements of the liability or asset essentially comprise of actuarial gains and losses (i.e. changes in the present value of defined benefit obligations resulting from experience adjustments and effects of changes in actuarial assumptions).
Short-term benefits: A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave and other short term benefits in the period the related service is rendered at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.
Other long-term benefits: Liabilities recognised in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Group in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.
iii) Bonus
The company recognises a liability and expense for bonus. The company recognises a provision where contractually obliged or where there is past practice that has created a constructive obligation.
M BORROWING COST
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production ofqualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred. The Company determines the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation as the actual borrowing costs incurred on that borrowing during the period less any interest income earned on temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets, to the extent that an entity borrows funds specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset. In case if the Company borrows generally and uses the funds for obtaining a qualifying asset, borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation are determined by applying a capitalisation rate to the expenditures on that asset. The Company suspends capitalisation of borrowing costs during extended periods in which it suspends active development of a qualifying asset
N AGRICULTURAL ACTVITIES
i) Income from the agricultural activities is accounted for up to the stage of dispatch of goods by the Company to the customer after processing.
ii) Expenses which are directly related to the agricultural activities have been accounted for in the books of account under the head "Production Expenses”. Expenses which are not related to the specific activities are allocated on the basis of turnover (net of return and Schemes & Discounts) of Agricultural activities and Trading activities.
O EARNING PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Earnings considered in ascertaining the Company’s earnings per share is the net profit for the year attributable to equity share holders. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year and for all years presented is adjusted for events, such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equity shares, that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
P TAXATION INCOME TAX
Provision for Current Tax is made and retained in the accounts on the basis of estimated tax liability as per applicable provisions of Income Tax Act 1961.
DEFERRED TAX
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is highly probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
Current and deferred tax for the period
Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.
The Company recognises interest levied and penalties related to Income Tax assessments in the tax expanse. Q USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of Financial Statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the date of Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known/ materialised.
R PROVISION AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Provisions: Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance sheet date and are not discounted to its present value.
Contingent Liabilities: Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.
S CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
In the Cash Flow Statement, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, demand and short term deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
T FINANCIAL ASSETS AT AMORTISED COST
Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
U FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and a contractual terms of the financial assets give rise on the specified dates to cash flows that are solely payment of the principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
V FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS
Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of assets and liabilities at fair value through profit and loss are immediately recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
W FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
Financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, if tenure of repayment of such liability exceeds one year.
X EQUITY INSTRUMENTS
An equity instrument is a contract that evidences residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities. The Company recognises equity instruments at proceeds received net off direct issue cost.
Y RECLASSIFICATION OF FINANCIAL ASSETS
The Company determines classification of the financial assets and liabilities on initial recognitions. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company's senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the company's operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when a company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognized gains, losses (including impairment gains and losses) or interest.
Z OFFSETTING OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is on intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
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