I. Basis of Preparation and Material Accounting Policy Information
1.1.1. Compliance with Ind AS
These standalone financial statements comply in all material respects with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the ‘Act') [Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015] (as amended from time to time) and other relevant provisions of the Act. These standalone financial statements has also been prepared in compliance with presentation requirement of Division II of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013 (IND AS Compliant Schedule III) as applicable to the standalone financial statements.
These standards and policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated. The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee ('), which is the Company's functional and presentation currency.
1.1.2. Historical cost convention
These standalone financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except the following, which are measured at fair values:-
i) certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments);
ii) Plan assets of defined benefit employee benefit plans
1.1.3. Current versus Non-current Classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet based on current / noncurrent classification.
An asset is classified as current when it is:
a. expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in the normal operating cycle,
b. held primarily for the purpose of trading,
c. expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
d. cash or cash equivalents unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is classified as current when:
a. i t is expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle,
b. it is held primarily for the purpose of trading,
c. it is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
d. there is no unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other liabilities are classified as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
1.2. Impairment of non-financial assets
Assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to
their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (cash-generating units).
1.3. Other financial assets (other than Investments)
1.3.1. Classification
The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:
a) those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit or loss), and
b) those measured at amortised cost.
The classification depends on the Company's business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of cash flows.
For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses is either recorded in the statement of profit and loss or other comprehensive income.
1.3.2. Measurement
At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in the statement of profit and loss. However, trade receivables that does not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price.
(a) Debt instruments
Subsequent measurement of debts instruments depends on the Company's business model for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. There are two measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments:
Amortised cost: Assets that a re held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments
of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the Effective Interest Rate EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss.
Fair value through profit or loss: Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or Fair value through Other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) are measured at fair value through profit or loss.
1.3.3. Impairment of financial assets
The Company assesses on a forward looking basis, the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost and FVTOCI debt instruments. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. Note 29 details how the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.
1.3.4. Derecognition of financial assets
A financial asset is derecognised only when
• The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired
• The Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or
• retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.
Where the Company has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Where the Company has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised.
The financial asset is derecognised if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.
1.3.5. Fair value of Financial Instruments
In determining the fair value of financial instruments, the Company uses a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date. The methods used to determine fair values includes discounted cash flow analysis and available quoted market prices. All methods of assessing fair values result in general approximation of fair values and such value may never actually be realised.
1.4. Derivatives Instruments
The Company enters into certain derivative contracts to hedge risks, which are not designated as hedges. Derivatives are recognised at fair values on the date a derivative contract is entered into and subsequent fair value changes are recognised in the statement of profit and loss at the end of each reporting period.
1.5. Offsetting financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.
1.6. Foreign currency transactions and translation
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the date of the transactions. At the year end, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are restated at the year-end exchanges rates. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are generally recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Foreign exchange differences regarded as an adjustment to borrowing costs are presented in the statement of profit and loss, within finance costs. All other foreign exchange gains and
losses are presented in the statement of profit and loss on a net basis within other income / other expense.
Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss.
1.7. Rounding of amounts
All amounts disclosed in the standalone Financial Statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest Crores (with two places of decimal) as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.
1.8. Standard issued but not effective
There are no standards issued but not effective up to the date of issuance of the Company's financial statements.
1.9. New and amended standards
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023 dated 31 March, 2023 to amend the following Ind AS which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April, 2023. The Company applied for the first-time these amendments.
(i) Definition of Accounting Estimates -Amendments to Ind AS 8
The amendments clarify the distinction between changes in accounting estimates, changes in accounting policies and the correction of errors. It has also been clarified how entities use measurement techniques and inputs to develop accounting estimates.
The amendments had no impact on the Company's standalone financial statements.
(ii) Disclosure of Accounting Policies -Amendments to Ind AS 1
The amendments aim to help entities provide accounting policy disclosures that are more useful by replacing the requirement for entities to disclose their ‘significant' accounting policies with a requirement to disclose their ‘material' accounting policies and adding guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality
in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures.
The amendments have had an impact on the Company's disclosures of accounting policies, but not on the measurement, recognition or presentation of any items in the Company's financial statements.
(iii) Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction - Amendments to Ind AS 12
The amendments narrow the scope of the initial recognition exception under Ind AS 12, so that it no longer applies to transactions that give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences such as leases.
The Company previously recognised for deferred tax on leases on a net basis. As a result of these amendments, the Company has recognised a separate deferred tax asset in relation to its lease liabilities and a deferred tax liability in relation to its right-of-use assets. Since, these balances qualify for offset as per the requirements of paragraph 74 of Ind AS 12, there is no impact in the balance sheet. There was also no impact on the opening retained earnings as at 1 April, 2022.
Apart from these, consequential amendments and editorials have been made to other Ind AS like Ind AS 101, Ind AS 102, Ind AS 103, Ind AS 107, I nd AS 109, Ind AS 115 and Ind AS 34.
NOTE 2 : SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS
The preparation of standalone financial statements in conformity with the Ind AS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions, that affect the application of accounting policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, expense and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these standalone financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses for the years presented. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. Revision to accounting estimates is recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and future periods are impacted.
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