Note 1: CORPORATE INFORMATION
These statements comprise financial statements of Pentokey Organy (India) Limited referred to as (“the Company”) (CIN: L24116MH1986PLC041681) for the year ended March 31, 2024. The Company is a public limited company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its Equity shares are listed on The Bombay Stock Exchange in India. The registered office of the company is located at 509, Western Edge-I, Off Western Express Highway, Borivali East, Mumbai - 400 066.
The Company is principally engaged in trading of Pharmaceutical Goods.
The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorized for issue on May 13, 2024.
Note 2: SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESA) Basis of Preparation of Ind AS Financial Statements:
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis except for:
i) Certain financial assets are measured at fair value,
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared to comply with the Indian Accounting Standards ('Ind AS') notified under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 read with Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 and other recognized accounting practices and policies to the extent applicable.
B) Use of Estimates:
The preparation of Ind AS financial statement requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the date of financial statements and reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known / materialised.
C) Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE):
PPE is recognised when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. PPE is stated at original cost net of tax/duty credits availed, if any, less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment, if any. Cost includes professional fees related to the acquisition of PPE and for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the company's accounting policy. Costs in nature of repairs and maintenance are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.
For transition to Ind AS, the company has elected to adopt as deemed cost, the carrying value of PPE measured as per I-GAAP less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment on the transition date of April 1, 2016.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of Property, Plant and Equipment are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.
D) Depreciation on Property, plant and equipment
Depreciation on Property, plant and equipment is calculated on a straight-line basis using the rates arrived at based on the useful lives estimated by the management, which are equal to the life prescribed under the Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.
E) Intangible assets Computer software
Costs relating to software, which are acquired, are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful life of three years.
F) Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
i. Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
• Debt instruments at amortised cost
• Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
• Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
• Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Debt instruments at amortised cost
A 'debt instrument' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Debt instrument at FVTOCI
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Equity Investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company decides to classify the same either as at FVTOCI or FVTPL. The Company makes such election on an instrument by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition
A financial asset is primarily derecognized and removed from the Company's balance sheet when:
• The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
• The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass-through' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Impairment of Financial Assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that a financial asset or a Group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a Group of financial assets is deemed to be impaired if, there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (an expected 'loss event') and that loss event has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or the Group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated. Evidence of impairment may include indications that the trade receivables or a Group of trade receivables is experiencing significant financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability that they will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization and where observable data indicate that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows, such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults.
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 18.
As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix at every reporting date is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates.
Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.
Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.
Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Loans and borrowings
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
G) Inventories:
Items of inventories are measured at lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for obsolescence, if any.
i. Raw Materials, Stores and Spares are valued at cost.
ii. Finished stock ,Work in process stock and Stock in Trade are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower.
iii. The valuation of inventories includes taxes, duties of non refundable nature and direct expenses, and other direct cost attributable to the cost of inventory, net of excise duty / counter-vailing duty / education cess and value added tax.
H) Provision for Current tax and Deferred tax:
i) Provision for current tax is made with reference to taxable income computed for the accounting period for which the financial statements are prepared by applying the tax rates and laws that are enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. The tax is recognised in statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it related to items recognised in the other comprehensive income (OCI) or in other equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income and other equity.
ii) Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The carrying amount of deferred tax liabilities and assets are reviewed at the end of each reporting period. Deferred tax asset on unabsorbed depreciation and carried forward losses is recognised only to the extent of deferred tax liability.
iii) Provisions of MAT are not applicable to the Company due to opting for new tax regime.
I) Provisions , Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:
A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash fiows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
J) Contingent Liabilities:
A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
K) Contingent Assets
Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.
L) Revenue Recognition:
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment, excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.
Revenue is recognised only if the following conditions are satisfied:
- The Company has transferred risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the customer;
- The Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;
- It is probable that the economic benefit associated with the transaction will flow to the Company; and i. It can be reliably measured and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection.
ii. Dividends are recognised when the right to receive them is established.
iii. Interest and Other Income are accounted on accrual basis.
M) Employee Benefits:
i. Short Term employee benefits are recognised as expenses at the undiscounted amount in the profit and loss account of the year in which the related service is rendered.
ii. Post employment employee benefits are recognised as an expense in the profit and loss account for the year in which the employee has rendered services. The expense is recognised at the present value of the amounts payable.
N) Impairment of Assets:
As at the end of each accounting year, the company reviews the carrying amounts of its non-financial assets e.g.PPE, investment property, intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If such indication exists, the said assets are tested for impairment so as to determine the impairment loss, if any. Goodwill and the intangible assets with indefinite life are tested for impairment each year.
Impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is determined:
(i) in the case of an individual asset, at the higher of the net selling price and the value in use; and
(ii) in the case of a cash generating unit (a group of assets that generates identified, independent cash flows), at the higher of the cash generating unit's net selling price and the value in use.
(The amount of value in use is determined as the present value of estimated future cash flows from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. For this purpose, the discount rate (pre-tax) is determined based on the weighted average cost of capital of the company suitably adjusted for risks specified to the estimated cash flows of the asset).
For this purpose, a cash generating unit is ascertained as the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets.
If recoverable amount of an asset (or cash generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, such deficit is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as impairment loss and the carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount.
When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss is recognised for the asset (or cash generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
O) Borrowing Cost:
Borrowing costs include interest expense calculated using the effective interest method, finance charges in respect of assets acquired on finance lease and exchange differences arising on foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs.
Borrowing costs net of any investment income from the temporary investment of related borrowings, that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised/inventoried as part of cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale.
A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
P) Foreign Currency Transaction:
i) Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities outstanding at the close of the financial year are revalued at the exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. Exchange differences arising on account of fluctuation in the rate of exchange is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
ii) Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or statement of profit and loss are also recognised in OCI or statement of profit and loss, respectively).
Q) LeasesWhere the Company is a lessee:
Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
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