6. Material accounting policies
The following are the material accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
The Company uses the following critical accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions in preparation of its standalone financial statements:
6.1 Recognition of Revenue and Expenditure
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized on transfer of control of promised goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company is expected to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation.The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered iss net of variable consideration on account of various discounts and schemes offered by the Company as part of the contract.This variable consideration is estimated based on the expected value of outflow. Revenue (net of variable consideration) is recognized only to the extent that it is highly probable that the amount will not be subject to significant reversal when uncertainty relating to its recognition is resolved.
Sale of Goods
Revenue from sale of products is recognized when the control on the goods have been transferred to the customer. The performance obligation in case of sale of product is satisfied at a point in time i.e., when the material is shipped to the customer or on delivery to the customer, as may be specified in the contract.
Interest
Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the effective interest rate method. Interest income is included under the head "Other Income" in statement of profit and loss.
Export Incentive
Revenue from export incentives are accounted for on export of goods if the entitlements can be estimated with reasonable assurance and condition precedent to claim are fulfilled.
Expenses
All expenses are charged in statement of profit and loss as and when they are incurred.
6.2 Property, Plant & Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost comprising of purchase price and any initial directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use , less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any.
Depreciation is provided for property, plant and equipment on a straight line method so as to expenses the cost less residual value over their useful lives assets as prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. The estimated useful lives and residual value are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any change in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
Depreciation is not recorded on capital work-in progress until construction and installation is completed and the asset is for intended use.
6.3 Inventory
Inventories consists of Raw Material, Work In Progress, Finished Goods, Stores & Spares and packing materials.
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.
Raw materials, Stores & Spares & Packing material: Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition on the weighted average basis.
Finished goods and work in progress: Cost includes cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads
based on the normal operating capacity on a weighted average basis. Cost of finished goods includes other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
6.4 Employee benefits
a) Short Term Employee Benefits
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages etc. and the expected cost of ex-gratia are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid when there is a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.
b) Defined Contribution Plan
Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as expense when employees have rendered services entitling them to such benefits.
c) Defined Benefit Plan
For defined benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling and the return on plan assets (excluding interest), is reflected immediately in the balance sheet with a charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Past service cost, both vested and unvested, is recognised as an expense at the earlier of (a) when the plan amendment or curtailment occurs; and (b) when the entity recognises related restructuring costs or termination benefits.
The retirement benefit obligations recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligations reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the scheme.
6.5 Taxation
Tax expense is the aggregate amount included in the determination of profit or loss for the period in respect of current tax and deferred tax.
Current tax
Current tax is the amount of income taxes payable in respect of taxable profit for a period. Taxable profit differs from ‘profit before
tax' as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible under the Income Tax Act, 1961.
Current tax is measured using tax rates that have been enacted by the end of reporting period for the amounts expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities.
Deferred Tax
Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit under Income tax Act, 1961.
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. However, in case of temporary differences that arise from initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction (other than business combination) that affect neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized. Also, for temporary differences if any that may arise from initial recognition of goodwill, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized.
Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary difference can be utilized. In case of temporary differences that arise from initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction (other than business combination) that affect neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit, deferred tax assets are not recognized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow the benefits of part or all of such deferred tax assets to be utilized.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
Presentation of current and deferred tax:
Current and deferred tax are recognized as income or an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income, in which case, the current and deferred tax income/expense are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income.
The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or
to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. In case of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, the same are offset if the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off corresponding current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the Company.
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