2 Summary of significant accounting policies
This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. The policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
a. Basis of preparation
i. Compliance with Ind AS
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) [Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015] as amended from time to time and other relevant provision of the Act.
The Financial Statements are presented in INR and all values are rounded off to the nearest lakhs (INR 00,000), unless otherwise stated. The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except certain financial instruments which have been measured at fair value.
ii. Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading
- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is No unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
b. Operating Segment
The company is primarily engaged in the business of providing cranes on rental basis. Further all the commercial operations of the company are based in India. Accordingly, there are no separate reportable segments.
c. Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
- Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
- Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
- Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
d. Revenue recognition Rendering of services
Revenue from hiring of equipment (cranes & trailers) associated with the transaction is recognised when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised services. When a performance obligation is satisfied, the Company recognise as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to that performance obligation.
Interest income
Interest income for debt instruments is recognised using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate is the rate that discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset. When calculating the effective interest rate, the company estimates the expected cash flows by considering contractual terms of the financial instrument but does not consider the expected credit losses.
Dividends
Dividend is recognised when the Company's right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.
Rental Income
Rental Income from Investment Property is recognised as part of revenue from operations in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease except where the rentals are structured to increase in line with general inflation.
e. Income Taxes
Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to an items recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.
Current income tax
Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of the previous years. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax loss and tax credits.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.
Deferred tax measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they to income taxes levied by the same tax authority.
Current and deferred tax for the year
Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
f. Property, plant and equipment
Recognition and measurement
Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, which includes capitalised borrowing costs, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.
Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in profit or loss. Subsequent expenditure
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the company.
Depreciation
Depreciation is calculated on the cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, and is generally recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Freehold land is not depreciated.
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided over the useful life of assets as assessed by the management as follows-
*Based on single shift. Cranes owned by the company usually work for more than single shift and hence double shift are considered (only wherever applicable).
The useful lives assessed by the management are in line with the useful lives prescribed in schedule II to the companies Act 2013. Depreciation on additions (disposals) is provided on a pro-rata basis i.e. from (upto) the date on which asset is ready for use (disposed off).
Reclassification to investment property
When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of reclassification.
g. Investment properties
Investment properties are properties held to earn rentals and/or for capital appreciation (including property under construction for such purposes), but not for sale in ordinary course of business or for administrative purpose. Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Any gain or loss on disposal of investment property is recognised in profit and loss.
h. Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures:
Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint venture, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
i. Leases
The Company, as a lessee, recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for its leasing arrangements, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset. The contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, if it involves the use of an identified asset and the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset and has right to direct the use of the identified asset. The cost of the right-of-use asset shall comprise of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date plus any initial direct costs incurred. The right-of-use assets is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use assets is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-use asset.
The Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date of the lease. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses incremental borrowing rate.
For short-term and low value leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
j. Impairment of non-financial assets
The carrying amounts of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. If at the balance sheet date, there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount but limited to the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of depreciation / amortisation) had no impairment loss been recognised in prior accounting periods.
|