C. Significant accounting policies
A summary of the significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the financial statements are as given below. These accounting policies have been applied consistently to all periods presented in the standalone financial statements.
(1) Property, plant and equipment
1.1 Initial recognition and measurement
Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Cost of an items of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the items to its working condition for its intended use and estimated cost of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located. The cost of a self-constructed property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to working condition for its intended use, and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.
If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.
1.2 Subsequent costs
Subsequent expenditure is recognised as an increase in the carrying amount of the asset when it is probable that future economic benefits deriving from the cost incurred will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.
The cost of replacing part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Company and its cost
can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.
1.3 Derecognition
Property, plant and equipment is derecognised when no future economic benefits are expected from their use or upon their disposal. Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
(2) Depreciation
Depreciation is recognised in statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment specified in schedule II to the Act as given below:
Land is not depreciated. Leasehold improvements are amortised over the lease period.
Depreciation on additions to/deductions from property, plant and equipment during the year is charged on pro-rata basis from/up to the date in which the asset is available for use/disposed. Depreciation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate. Based on technical evaluation, the management believes that its estimates of useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets.
(3) Other intangible assets
3.1 Recognition and measurement
Intangible assets that are acquired by the Company, have finite useful lives, are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and
accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost includes any directly attributable incidental expenses necessary to make the assets ready for its intended use.
Subsequent expenditure is recognised as an increase in the carrying amount of the asset when it is probable that future economic benefits deriving from the cost incurred will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.
3.2 Derecognition
An intangible asset is derecognised when no future economic benefits are expected from their use or upon their disposal. Gains and losses on disposal of an item of intangible assets are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of intangible assets and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
3.3 Amortisation
Cost of software recognised as intangible asset, is amortised on straight line method over a period of legal right to use or 3 years, as estimated by the management.
Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted, if appropriate.
(4) Capital work-in-progress
Expenditure incurred during the period of construction, including all direct and indirect expenses, incidental and related to construction, is carried forward and on completion, the costs are allocated to the respective property, plant and equipment. Capital work-in-progress also includes assets pending installation and not available for intended use.
(5) Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs are interest and other costs incurred in connection with the borrowings of funds. Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of cost of such asset until such time the assets are substantially ready for their intended use. Qualifying assets are assets which take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.
When the Company borrows funds specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the borrowing costs incurred are capitalised. When
Company borrows funds generally and uses them for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the capitalisation of the borrowing costs is computed based on the weighted average cost of general borrowing that are outstanding during the period and used for the acquisition or construction of the qualifying asset.
Capitalisation of borrowing costs ceases when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the qualifying assets for their intended uses are complete. Income earned on temporary investment of the borrowings pending their expenditure on the qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.
Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the year in which they are incurred.
(6) Impairment of non-financial assets
Assessment is done at each balance sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. For the purpose of assessing impairment, the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets and group of assets, is considered as a cash generating unit. If any such indication exists, an estimate of the recoverable amount of the asset/cash generating unit is made. Assets whose carrying vale exceeds their recoverable amount are written down to the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an asset's or cash generating unit's selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to raise from continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Assessment is also done at each balance sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognised for an assets in prior accounting periods may no longer exist or may have decreased.
(7) Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses wherever considered necessary. Cost of inventories comprises of cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The cost of purchase consists of the purchase price including duties and taxes other than those subsequently recoverable by the enterprise from the taxing authorities, freight inwards and other expenditure directly attributable for its acquisition.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
Finished goods and stores, spares and consumables are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value and the comparison is made on an item-by-item basis.
The methods of determining cost of various categories of inventories are as under:
Stock in transit is valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Scrap is valued at estimated net realisable value.
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