1. General information

Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited (SPIL or the “Company”) (CIN L24230GJ1993PLC019050), is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India, having its registered office at SPARC, Tandalja, Vadodara, Gujarat 390012, India. SPIL is listed on the BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited. The Company is incorporated under the provisions of Companies Act, as applicable in India. The Company is engaged in the business of manufacturing, developing and marketing a wide range of branded and generic formulation and Active Pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The Company has various manufacturing locations spread across the country with trading and other incidental and related activities extending to the global market.

The standalone financial statements were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the directors on May 22, 2024.

2. Material accounting policies2.1 Statement of compliance

These financial statements are separate financial statements of the Company (also called standalone financial statements). The Company has prepared its standalone financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2024 in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) together with the comparative period data as at and for the year ended March 31, 2023 and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the standalone financial statements.

2.2 Basis of preparation and presentation

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost convention and on an accrual basis, except for: (i) certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period; (ii) Non-current assets classified as held for sale which are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell; (iii) investment in associates are accounted for at cost (iv) derivative financial instruments and (v) defined benefit plans - plan assets that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below:

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (^) and all values are rounded to the nearest Million (^ 000,000) upto one decimal, except when otherwise indicated.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/ or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 102, leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 116, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realisable value in Ind AS 2 or value in use in Ind AS 36.

In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1,

2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:

• Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;

• Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

• Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

The Company has consistently applied the following accounting policies to all periods presented in these financial statements.

a. Current vs. Non-current

Based on the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle for determining current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities in the balance sheet.

b. Business combinations

The Company determines that it has acquired a business when the acquired set of activities and assets include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. The acquired process is considered substantive if it is critical to the ability to continue producing outputs, and the inputs acquired include an organised workforce with the necessary skills, knowledge, or experience to perform that process or it significantly contributes to the ability to continue producing outputs and is considered unique or scarce or cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort, or delay in the ability to continue producing outputs.

The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting to account for business combinations that occurred on or after April 01, 2015. The acquisition date is generally the date on which control is transferred to the acquirer. Judgement is applied in determining the acquisition date and determining whether control is transferred from one party to another. Control exists when the Company is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through power over the entity. In assessing control, potential voting rights are considered only if the rights are substantive. The Company measures goodwill as of the applicable acquisition date at the fair value of the consideration transferred, including the recognised amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the fair value of the acquirer's previously held equity interest in the acquiree (if any), less the net recognised amount of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. When the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeds the consideration transferred, a bargain purchase gain is recognised immediately in the OCI and accumulated in equity as Capital reserve where there exists clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the business combination as a bargain purchase else the gain is directly recognised in equity as Capital reserve. Consideration transferred includes the fair values of the assets transferred, liabilities incurred by the Company to the previous owners of the acquiree, and equity interests issued by the Company. Consideration transferred also includes the fair value of any contingent consideration. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding adjustments against goodwill or capital reserve, as the case maybe. The subsequent accounting for changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that do not qualify as measurement period adjustments depends on how the contingent consideration is classified. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is

not remeasured at subsequent reporting dates and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. Contingent consideration that is classified as an asset or a liability is remeasured at fair value at subsequent reporting dates with the corresponding gain or loss being recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Consideration transferred does not include amounts related to settlement of pre-existing relationships.

Acquisition-related costs are expensed in the periods in which the costs are incurred and the services are received, with the exception of the costs of issuing debt or equity securities that are recognised in accordance with Ind AS 32 and Ind AS 109.

A contingent liability of the acquiree is assumed in a business combination only if such a liability represents a present obligation and arises from a past event and its fair value can be measured reliably. On an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, the Company recognises any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest's proportionate share of the acquiree's identifiable net assets. Transaction costs that the Company incurs in connection with a business combination, such as finder's fees, legal fees, due diligence fees and other professional and consulting fees, are expensed as incurred.

If the business combination is achieved in stages, any previously held equity interest is re-measured at its acquisition date fair value and any resulting gain or loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss, as appropriate.

If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted during the measurement period (see above), or additional assets or liabilities are recognised, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognised at that date.

c. Foreign currency

Foreign currency transactions

On initial recognition, transactions in currencies other than the Company's functional currency (foreign currencies) are translated at exchange rates on the date of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate on that date. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition

during the period or in previous period are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise except for:

• exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings.

• exchange differences on transactions entered into in order to hedge certain foreign currency risks.

• exchange differences relating to the translation of the results and the net assets of the Company's foreign operations from their functional currencies to the Company's presentation currency (i.e. ^) are recognised directly in the other comprehensive income and accumulated in foreign currency translation reserve. Exchange difference in the foreign currency translation reserve are reclassified to profit or loss account on the disposal of the foreign operation.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in foreign currency are measured using the exchange rates at the date of initial transaction.

d. Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The chief operating decision maker of the Company is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments.

e. Property, plant and equipment

Items of property, plant and equipment are stated in balance sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Freehold land is not depreciated.

Assets in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Cost includes purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Subsequent expenditures are capitalised only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which they relate. Such assets are classified to the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use. When parts of an item of

property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Depreciation is recognised on the cost of assets (other than freehold land and Capital work-in-progress) less their residual values on straight-line method over their useful lives. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over period of the lease agreement or the useful life, whichever is shorter. Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Software for internal use, which is primarily acquired from third-party vendors and which is an integral part of a tangible asset, including consultancy charges for implementing the software, is capitalised as part of the related tangible asset. Subsequent costs associated with maintaining such software are recognised as expense as incurred. The capitalised costs are amortised over the lower of the estimated useful life of the software and the remaining useful life of the tangible fixed asset.

Goodwill and Other Intangible assets Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of consideration transferred, together with the amount of noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, over the fair value of the Company's share of identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Other Intangible assets

Other Intangible assets that are acquired by the Company and that have finite useful lives are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Subsequent expenditures are capitalised only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which they relate.

Research and development

Expenditure on research activities undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding are recognised as an expense when incurred. Development activities involve a plan or design for the production of new or substantially improved products and processes.

An internally-generated intangible asset arising from development is recognised if and only if all of the following have been demonstrated:

• development costs can be measured reliably;

• the product or process is technically and commercially feasible;

• future economic benefits are probable; and

• the Company intends to and has sufficient resources/ability to complete development and to use or sell the asset.

Development expenditure is capitalised when the criteria for recognising an asset are met, usually when a regulatory filing has been made in a major market and approval is considered highly probable.

The expenditure to be capitalised include the cost of materials and other costs directly attributable to preparing the asset for its intended use.

Payments to third parties that generally take the form of up-front payments and milestones for in-licensed products, compounds and intellectual property are capitalised since the probability of expected future economic benefits criterion is always considered to be satisfied for separately acquired intangible assets.

Acquired research and development intangible assets which are under development, are recognised as InProcess Research and Development assets (“IPR&D”). IPR&D assets are not amortised, but evaluated for potential impairment on an annual basis or when there are indications that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Any impairment charge on such IPR&D assets is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Intangible assets relating to products under development, other intangible assets not available for use and intangible assets having indefinite useful life are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the assets may be impaired. All other intangible assets are tested for impairment when there are indications that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

The consideration for acquisition of intangible asset which is based on reaching specific milestone that are dependent on the Company's future activity is recognised only when the activity requiring the payment is performed.

Subsequent expenditures are capitalised only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which they relate. All other expenditures, including expenditures on internally generated goodwill and brands, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.

Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets. Intangible assets that are not available for use are amortised from the date they are available for use.

The estimated useful lives for Product related intangibles and Other intangibles range from 3 to 14 years.

The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

De-recognition of intangible assets

Intangible assets are de-recognised either on their disposal or where no future economic benefits are expected from their use. Gain or loss arising on such de-recognition is recognised in the statement of profit and loss, and are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of respective intangible assets as on the date of de-recognition.

Investments in the nature of equity in subsidiaries and associates

The Company has elected to recognise its investments in equity instruments in subsidiaries and associates at cost in the separate financial statements in accordance with the option available in Ind AS 27, ‘Separate Financial Statements'.

Impairment of Investments in the nature of equity in subsidiaries and associates

The Company reviews its carrying value of investments carried at cost annually, or more frequently when there is indication for impairment. If the recoverable amount is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the Investment is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the cost of the Investment. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

h. Impairment of non-financial assets other than goodwill

The carrying amounts of the Company's non-financial assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss, if any.

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (as defined below) is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or the cash-generating unit for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the “cash-generating unit”).

An impairment loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss if the estimated recoverable amount of an asset or its cash generating unit is lower than its carrying amount. Impairment losses recognised in respect of cash-generating units are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the units and then to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the unit on a pro-rata basis.

In respect of assets other than goodwill, impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

i. Non-current assets held for sale

Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the asset (or disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such asset (or disposal group) and its sale is highly probable. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.

Non-current assets (and disposal groups) classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Non-current assets held for sale are not depreciated or amortised.

j. Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the date the Company commits to purchase or sell the financial assets.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:

• Debt instruments at amortised cost

• Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

• Debt instruments and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

• Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

Debt instruments at amortised cost A ‘debt instrument' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is

included in Other Income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Debt instrument at FVTOCI

A ‘debt instrument' is measured as at FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

b) The contractual terms of the instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are SPPI on the principal amount outstanding.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognised in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognises interest income, impairment losses and reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss. On de-recognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to profit or loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.

Debt instrument at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorisation as at amortised cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.

In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortised cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ‘accounting mismatch').

Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all the changes in the statement of profit and loss.

Equity instruments

All equity instruments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value in OCI. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, including foreign exchange gain or loss and excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to profit or loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

De-recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company's balance sheet) when:

• The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

• The Company has transferred its rights to receive contractual cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under

a ‘pass-through' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

On de-recognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity is recognised in profit or loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognised in profit or loss on disposal of that financial asset.

Impairment of financial assets In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115.

The Company follows ‘simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.

In respect of other financial assets (e.g.: debt securities, deposits, bank balances etc.), the Company generally invests in instruments with high credit rating and consequently low credit risk. In the unlikely event that the credit risk increases significantly from inception of investment, lifetime ECL is used for recognising impairment loss on such assets.

For debt instruments at fair value through OCI, the Company applies the low credit risk simplification. At every reporting date, the Company evaluates whether the debt instrument is considered to have low credit risk using all reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort. In making that evaluation, the Company reassesses the internal credit rating of the debt instrument.

However, in certain cases, the Company may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Company is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Company. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments Classification as debt or equity Debt and equity instruments issued by a Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Repurchase of the Company's own equity instruments is recognised and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company's own equity instruments.

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts and lease liabilities, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement

All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method or at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is held for trading or is designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred principally for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term or on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking. This category also includes derivative financial instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For instruments not held-for-trading financial liabilities designated as at FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognised in OCI, unless the recognition of the effects of changes in the liability's credit risk in OCI would create or enlarge an accounting mismatch in profit or loss, in which case these effects of changes in credit risk are recognised in profit or loss. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to profit or loss. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in profit or loss.

Financial liabilities subsequently measured at amortised cost

Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortised cost in subsequent accounting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortised cost are determined based on the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Interest expense that is not capitalised as part of costs of an asset is included in the ‘Finance costs' line item in the statement of profit and loss.

After initial recognition, such financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

De-recognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Reclassification of financial assets

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company's senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company's operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts, full currency swap, principal only swap, options and interest rate swaps to hedge its foreign currency risks and interest rate risks respectively. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss, except for the effective portion of cash flow hedges, which is recognised in OCI and later reclassified to profit or loss when the hedge item affects profit or loss or treated as basis adjustment if a hedged forecast transaction subsequently results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or non-financial liability.

For the purpose of hedge accounting, hedges are classified as:

• Fair value hedges when hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognised asset or liability or an unrecognised firm commitment.

• Cash flow hedges when hedging the exposure to variability in cash flows that is either attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction or the foreign currency risk in an unrecognised firm commitment

• Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation.

At the inception of a hedge relationship, the Company formally designates and documents the hedge relationship to which the Company wishes to apply hedge accounting and the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. The documentation includes the Company's risk management objective and strategy for undertaking hedge, the hedging/economic relationship, the hedged item or transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged, hedge ratio and how the entity will assess the effectiveness of changes in the hedging instrument's fair value in offsetting the exposure to changes in the hedged item's fair value or cash flows attributable to the hedged risk. Such hedges are expected to be highly effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows and are assessed on an ongoing basis to determine that they actually have been highly effective throughout the financial reporting periods for which they were designated.

Hedges that meet the strict criteria for hedge accounting are accounted for, as described below:

(i) Fair value hedges

Changes in fair value of the designated portion of derivatives that qualify as fair value hedges are recognised in the statement of profit and loss immediately, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk.

(ii) Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument is recognised in OCI in the cash flow hedge reserve, while any ineffective portion is recognised immediately in profit or loss. The Company uses forward currency contracts as hedges of its exposure to foreign currency risk in forecast transactions and firm commitments. Amounts recognised as OCI are transferred to profit or loss when the hedged transaction affects profit or loss, such as when a forecast sale occurs. When the hedged item is the cost of a non-financial asset or non-financial liability, the amounts recognised as OCI are transferred to the initial carrying amount of the non-financial asset or liability.

If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised or if its designation as a hedge is revoked, or when the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI remains separately in equity until the forecast transaction occurs or the foreign currency firm commitment is met. When a forecast transaction

is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

k. Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Company as a lessee

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Company as a lessor

Rental income from operating lease is generally recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Company's expected inflationary cost increases, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

l. Inventories

Inventories consisting of raw materials and packing materials, work-in-progress, stock-in-trade, stores and spares and finished goods are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of all categories of inventories is based on the weighted average method. Cost of raw materials and packing materials, stock-in-trade, stores and spares includes cost of purchases and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to its present location and condition. Cost of work-in-progress and finished goods comprises direct material, direct labour, amortisation and depreciation of intangible / tangible assets and an appropriate proportion of other variable and fixed overhead expenditure.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.

The factors that the Company considers in determining the allowance for slow moving, obsolete and other non-saleable inventory include estimated shelf life, planned product discontinuances, price changes, ageing of inventory and introduction of competitive new products, to the extent each of these factors impact the Company's business and markets. The Company considers all these factors and adjusts the inventory provision to reflect its actual experience on a periodic basis.

m. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Restructuring

A provision for restructuring is recognised when the Company has a detailed formal restructuring plan and has raised a valid expectation in those affected that it will carry out the restructuring by starting to implement the plan or announcing its main features to those affected by it. The measurement of a restructuring provision includes only the direct expenditure arising from the restructuring, which are those amounts that are both necessarily entailed by the restructuring and not associated with the ongoing activities of the entity.

Onerous contracts

Present obligations arising under onerous contracts are recognised and measured as provisions. An onerous contract is considered to exist where the Company has a contract under which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefit expected to be received from the contract.

Contingent liabilities and contingent assets Contingent liability is disclosed for,

(i) Possible obligations which will be confirmed only by future events not wholly within the control of the Company, or

(ii) Present obligations arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. A contingent asset is disclosed where an inflow of economic benefits is probable. Contingent assets are assessed continually and, if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.

n. Revenue Sale of goods

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements, since it is the primary obligor in all of its revenue arrangement, as it has pricing latitude and is exposed to inventory and credit risks. Revenue is stated net of goods and service tax and net of returns, chargebacks, rebates and other similar allowances. These are calculated on the basis of historical experience and the specific terms in the individual contracts.

In determining the transaction price, the Company considers the effects of variable consideration, the existence of significant financing components, noncash consideration, and consideration payable to the customer (if any). The Company estimates variable consideration at contract inception until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

Profit Sharing Revenues The Company from time to time enters into arrangements for the sale of its products in certain markets. Under such arrangements, the Company

sells its products to the business partners at a base purchase price agreed upon in the arrangement and is also entitled to a profit share which is over and above the base purchase price. The profit share is typically dependent on the ultimate net sale proceeds or net profits, subject to any reductions or adjustments that are required by the terms of the arrangement.

Revenue in an amount equal to the base purchase price is recognised in these transactions upon delivery of products to the business partners. An additional amount representing the profit share component is recognised as revenue only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal will not occur.

Out-licensing arrangements

Revenues include amounts derived from product out-licensing agreements. These arrangements typically consist of an initial up-front payment on inception of the license and subsequent payments dependent on achieving certain milestones in accordance with the terms prescribed in the agreement. Non-refundable upfront license fees received in connection with product out-licensing agreements are deferred and recognised over the period in which the Company has continuing performance obligations. Milestone payments which are contingent on achieving certain clinical milestones are recognised as revenues either on achievement of such milestones, if the milestones are considered substantive, or over the period the Company has continuing performance obligations, if the milestones are not considered substantive.

Sales returns

The Company accounts for sales returns accrual by recording an allowance for sales returns concurrent with the recognition of revenue at the time of a product sale. This allowance is based on the Company's estimate of expected sales returns. With respect to established products, the Company considers its historical experience of sales returns, levels of inventory in the distribution channel, estimated shelf life, product discontinuances, price changes of competitive products, and the introduction of competitive new products, to the extent each of these factors impact the Company's business and markets. With respect to new products introduced by the Company, such products have historically been either extensions of an existing line of product where the Company has historical experience or in therapeutic categories where established products exist and are sold either by the Company or the Company's competitors.

Contract balances Contract assets

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional. Contract assets are subject to impairment assessment.

Trade receivables

A receivable represents the Company's right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due).

Contract liabilities

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract

Rendering of services

Revenue from services rendered is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as the underlying services are performed. Upfront non-refundable payments received are deferred and recognised as revenue over the expected period over which the related services are expected to be performed.

Royalties

Royalty revenue is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement (provided that it is probable that economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably). Royalty arrangements that are based on production, sales and other measures are recognised by reference to the underlying arrangement.

o. Dividend and interest income

Dividend income is recognised when the Company's right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset's net carrying amount on initial recognition.

p. Government grants

The Company recognises government grants only when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied with, and the grants will be received. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, the Company deducts such grant amount from the carrying amount of the asset.

q. Employee benefits Defined benefit plans

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan which requires contribution to be made to a separately administered fund.

The liability in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated using the projected unit credit method with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds. The currency and term of the government bonds shall be consistent with the currency and estimated term of the post-employment benefit obligations. The current service cost of the defined benefit plan, recognised in the statement of profit and loss as employee benefits expense, reflects the increase in the defined benefit obligation resulting from employee service in the current year, benefit changes, curtailments and settlements. Past service costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss

in the period of a plan amendment. The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss. Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to OCI in the period in which they arise and is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss.

Termination benefits

Termination benefits are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss when the Company is demonstrably committed, without realistic possibility of withdrawal, to a formal detailed plan to either terminate employment before the normal retirement date, or to provide termination benefits as a result of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy. Termination benefits for voluntary redundancies are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss if the Company has made an offer encouraging voluntary redundancy, it is probable that the offer will be accepted, and the number of acceptances can be estimated reliably.

Short-term and Other long-term employee benefits Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilised within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/ losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

The Company's net obligation in respect of other long term employee benefits is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and previous periods. That benefit is discounted to determine its present value.

Defined contribution plans

The Company's contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as an expense as and when the services are received from the employees entitling them to the contributions. The Company does not have any obligation other than the contribution made.

r. Income tax

Income tax expense consists of current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognised in the profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in OCI or directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in OCI or directly in equity respectively. Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable profit for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax is not recognised for the temporary differences that arise on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profits and taxable temporary differences arising upon the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to set off corresponding current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the Company.

The Company recognises a deferred tax asset arising from unused tax losses or tax credits only to the extent that the entity has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax losses or unused tax credits can be utilised by the entity.

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilised except:

• When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss and does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences.

• In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised. Withholding tax arising out of payment of dividends to shareholders under the Indian Income tax regulations is not considered as tax expense for the Company and all such taxes are recognised in the statement of changes in equity as part of the associated dividend payment.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:

• When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss and does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences

• In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Minimum Alternate Tax (‘MAT') credit is recognised as deferred tax asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the period for which the MAT credit can be carried forward for set-off against the normal tax liability. MAT credit recognised as an asset is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and written down to the extent the aforesaid convincing evidence no longer exists.

Accruals for uncertain tax positions require management to make judgements of potential exposures. Accruals for uncertain tax positions are measured using either the most likely amount or the expected value amount depending on which method the entity expects to better predict the resolution of the uncertainty. Tax benefits are not recognised unless the management based upon its interpretation of applicable laws and regulations and the expectation of how the tax authority will resolve the matter concludes that such benefits will be accepted by the authorities. Once considered probable of not being accepted, management reviews each material tax benefit and reflects the effect of the uncertainty in determining the related taxable amounts.

s. Exceptional items

Exceptional items refer to items of income or expense, including tax items, within the statement of profit and loss from ordinary activities which are non-recurring and are of such size, nature or incidence that their separate disclosure is considered necessary to explain the performance of the Company.

t. Recent Accounting pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards)

Rules as issued from time to time. During the year ended March 31, 2024, MCA has not notified any new standards or amendments to the existing standards applicable to the Company.