1. Company Overview

1.1 Reporting entity

Syngene International Limited (“Syngene" or “the Company"), is engaged in providing contract research and manufacturing services from lead generation to clinical supplies to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies worldwide. Syngene's services include integrated drug discovery and development capabilities in medicinal chemistry, biology, in vivo pharmacology, toxicology, custom synthesis, process R&D, cGMP manufacturing, formulation and analytical development along with Clinical development services. The Company is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The Company's shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in India.

1.2 Basis of preparation of financial statements

a) Statement of compliance

The standalone financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the 'Act') and other relevant provisions of the

Act.

These standalone financial statements have been prepared for the Company as a going concern on the basis of relevant Ind AS that are effective at the Company's annual reporting date, 31 March 2024. These standalone financial statements were authorised for issuance by the Company's Board of Directors on 24 April 2024.

Details of the Company's material accounting policies are included in Note 2.

b) Functional and presentation currency

These standalone financial statements are presented in Indian rupees (INR), which is also the functional currency of the Company. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest million, unless otherwise indicated.

c) Current/non-current distinction

An entity shall classify an asset as current when:

(a) it expects to realise the asset, or intends to sell or consume it, in its normal operating cycle

(b) it holds the asset primarily for the purpose of trading

(c) it expects to realise the asset within twelve months after the reporting period or

(d) the asset is cash or a cash equivalent (as defined in Ind AS 7, Statement of Cash Flows) unless the asset is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets shall be classified as non-current.

An entity shall classify a liability as current when:

(a) it expects to settle the liability in its normal operating cycle

(b) it holds the liability primarily for the purpose of trading

(c) the liability is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period or

(d) it does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.

All other liabilities shall be classified as non-current.

The operating cycle of an entity is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in the form of cash or cash equivalents. Where the entity's normal operating cycle is not clearly identifiable, its duration is assumed to be 12 months.

d) Basis of measurement

These standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis (i.e. on accrual basis), except for the following items:

Ý Certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) are measured at fair value; and

Ý Net defined benefit assets/(liability) are measured at fair value of plan assets, less present value of defined benefit obligations.

e) Use of estimates and judgements

The preparation of the standalone financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires Management to make estimates, judgements and assumptions. These estimates, judgements and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and

liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the standalone financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Accounting estimates could change from period to period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Appropriate changes in estimates are made as management becomes aware of changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the standalone financial statements in the period in which changes are made and their effects are disclosed in the notes to the standalone financial statements.

Judgements

I nformation about judgements made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognised in the standalone financial statements is included in the following notes:

Ý Note 2(a) and 28 — Financial instruments;

Ý Note 2(b), 2 (c) and 2(d) — Useful lives of property, plant and equipment, investment property and other intangible assets;

Ý Note 2(j) and 18 — Revenue Recognition: whether revenue from sale of compounds is recognised over time or at a point in time;

Ý Note 2(m), 30 and 31 — Provision for income taxes and related tax contingencies;

Ý Note 2(o) and 34 — Leases;

ÝNote 2(e) and 43 — Business Combination;

1.3 Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a potentially significant impact in the year ended 31 March 2024 is included in the following notes:

— Note 2(g)(i) and 28 - impairment of financial assets;

— Note 2(g)(ii) - impairment of non-financial assets;

— Note 2(h) and 27 - measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions;

— Note 7 and 30 - recognition of deferred tax assets: availability of future taxable profit against which tax losses carried forward can be

used; and

— Note 14 and 31 - recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies: key assumptions about the likelihood and magnitude

of an outflow of resources.

— Note 33 - share based payments.

1.4 Measurement of fair values

A number of the Company's accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

— Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

— Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

— Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. This includes a finance team that has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements, including Level 3 fair values.

The Company regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information is used to measure fair values, then the finance team assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the following notes:

— Note 2(a) and 28 - financial instruments;

— Note 2(c) and 3(c) - investment property; and

— Note 33 - share based payments.

2. Material accounting policies

a) Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables are initially recognised when they are originated and are measured at the transaction price. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A financial asset (unless it is a trade receivable without a significant financing component) or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at

— amortised cost;

— Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI) - equity investment; or

— Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL).

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

— the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

— the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

— the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

— the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI or at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Equity investments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 applies are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable. If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss to retained earnings. Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Investments in subsidiaries

Equity investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiaries, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held- for-trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses classifiable as borrowing costs in accordance with Ind AS 23, "Borrowing Costs" are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in statement of profit and loss.

iii. Derecognition Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or expire. The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

v. Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting

The Company holds derivative financial instruments to hedge its foreign currency and interest rate risk exposures. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and certain criteria are met.

Derivatives are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are generally recognised in statement of profit and loss.

The Company designates certain derivatives as hedging instruments to hedge the variability in cash flows associated with highly probable forecast transactions arising from changes in foreign exchange rates and interest rates.

At inception of designated hedging relationships, the Company documents the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. The Company also documents the economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument, including whether the changes in cash flows of the hedged item and hedging instrument are expected to offset each other.

Cash flow hedges

When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedging instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised in OCI and accumulated in other equity under 'effective portion of cash flow hedges'. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative that is recognised in OCI is limited to the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged item, determined on a present value basis, from inception of the hedge. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss.

If a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting or the hedging instrument is sold, expires, is terminated or is exercised, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. When hedge accounting for cash flow hedges is discontinued, the amount that has been accumulated in other equity remains there until, for a hedge of a transaction resulting in recognition of a non-financial item, it is included in the non-financial item's cost on its initial recognition or, for other cash flow hedges, it is reclassified to profit or loss in the same period or periods as the hedged expected future cash flows affect profit or loss.

If the hedged future cash flows are no longer expected to occur, then the amounts that have been accumulated in other equity are immediately reclassified to statement of profit and loss.

vi. Treasury shares

The Company has created an Employee Welfare Trust (EWT) for providing share-based payment to its employees. Own equity instruments that are acquired (treasury shares) are recognised at cost and deducted from equity. When the treasury shares are issued to the employees by EWT, the amount received is recognised as an increase in equity and the resultant gain / (loss) is transferred to / from securities premium.

The Company has adopted the policy to account for Employees Welfare Trust as a legal entity separate from the Company but as a subsidiary of the Company. Any loan from the Company to the trust is accounted for as a loan in accordance with its term.

vii. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company's cash management.

Cash dividend to equity holders

The Company recognises a liability to make cash distribution to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity. Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company's Board of Directors.

b) Property, plant and equipment

i. Recognition and measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price including import duty and non-refundable taxes or levies, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to working condition for its intended use, and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Expenditure incurred on startup and commissioning of the project and/or substantial expansion, including the expenditure incurred on trial runs (net of trial run receipts, if any) up to the date of commencement of commercial production are capitalised.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

Advances paid towards acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each Balance Sheet date, are shown under other non-current assets and cost of assets not ready for intended use before the year end, are shown as capital work-in-progress.

ii. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Freehold land and land under perpetual lease are not depreciated.

The estimated useful lives of items of property, plant and equipment for the current and comparative periods are as follows:

Depreciation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate. Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes that its estimates of useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets.

Depreciation on additions/(disposals) is provided on a pro-rata basis i.e. from/(upto) the date on which asset is ready for use/(disposed of).

iii. Reclassification to investment property

When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of reclassification.

c) Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes a period of 3 to 25 years as representing the best estimate of the period over which investment property (which are quite similar) are expected to be used. Accordingly, the Company depreciates investment property over a period of 3 to 25 years on a straight-line basis. The estimated useful life of assets in investment property are different from the indicative useful lives of relevant type of asset mentioned in Part C of Schedule II to the act as follows:

d) Other intangible assets

Internally generated: Research and Development:

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.

Development expenditure is capitalised as part of the cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Others

Other intangible assets are initially measured at cost. Subsequently, such intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

i. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditure, including expenditure on brands, is recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.

ii. Amortisation

Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over the estimated useful life as follows:

— Computer software 5 years

— Intellectual property rights 5-10 years

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

e) Business combination

I n accordance with Ind AS 103, Business combinations, the Company accounts for business combinations after acquisition date using the acquisition method when control is transferred to the Company. The cost of an acquisition is measured at the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange. The cost of acquisition also includes the fair value of any contingent consideration and deferred consideration, if any. Any goodwill that arises is tested annually for impairment. Any gain on a bargain purchase is recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity as capital reserve if there exists clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the business combination as resulting in a bargain purchase; otherwise the gain is recognised directly in equity as capital reserve. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred.

Business combinations - common control transactions

Business combinations involving entities that are controlled by the Company are accounted for using the pooling of interests method as follows:

Ý The assets and liabilities of the combining entities are reflected at their carrying amounts.

Ý No adjustments are made to reflect fair values, or recognise any new assets or liabilities. Adjustments are only made to harmonise accounting policies.

Ý The financial information in the financial statements in respect of prior periods is restated as if the business combination had occurred from the beginning of the preceding period in the financial statements, irrespective of the actual date of the combination. However, where the business combination had occurred after that date, the prior period information is restated only from that date.

Ý The balance of the retained earnings appearing in the financial statements of the transferor is aggregated with the corresponding balance appearing in the financial statements of the transferee or is adjusted against general reserve.

Ý The identity of the reserves are preserved and the reserves of the transferor become the reserves of the transferee.

Ý The difference, if any, between the amounts recorded as share capital issued plus any additional consideration in the form of cash or other assets and the amount of share capital of the transferor is transferred to capital reserve and is presented separately from other capital reserves.

f) Inventories

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in first-out formula, and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition. In the case of manufactured inventories and work-in-progress, cost includes an appropriate share of fixed production overheads based on normal operating capacity. Provisions are made towards slow-moving and obsolete items based on historical experience of utilisation.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. The net realisable value of work-in-progress is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished products.

Chemicals, reagents and consumables held for use in the production of finished products are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

g) Impairment

i. Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments', the Company applies expected credit loss ("ECL") model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost.

Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. For all other financial assets, ECL are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL.

Loss allowance for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from gross carrying amount of the assets. The amount of ECL (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

ii. Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assess at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated and an impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (CGU) exceeds its estimated recoverable amount in the statement of profit and loss.

The recoverable amount of a CGU (or an individual asset) is higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flow, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks specific to CGU (or the asset).

The Company's non-financial assets, inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated. For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or groups of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

An impairment loss in respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

h) Employee benefits

i. Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits falling due within twelve months from the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are classified as short-term employee benefits, which include benefits like salaries, wages, short term compensated absences, performance incentives, etc. and are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service and measured accordingly.

ii. Long-term employment benefit obligations:

Post-employment benefit plans are classified into defined benefits plans and defined contribution plans as under:

Gratuity

The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan ("the Gratuity Plan") covering the eligible employees of the Company. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee's salary and the tenure of the employment with the Company.

Liability with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation, performed by an independent actuary, at each balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method.

The Company recognises the net obligation of a defined benefit plan as a liability in its balance sheet. Gains or losses through re-measurement of the net defined benefit liability are recognised in other comprehensive income and are not reclassified to profit and loss in the subsequent periods. The actual return of the portfolio of plan assets, in excess of the yields computed by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation is recognised in other comprehensive income. The effect of any plan amendments are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Provident Fund

Eligible employees of the Company receive benefits from provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Both the eligible employees and the Company make monthly contributions to the Government administered provident fund scheme equal to a specified percentage of the eligible employee's salary. Amounts collected under the provident fund plan are deposited with in a government administered provident fund. The Company has no further obligation to the plan beyond its monthly contributions. The Company's contribution to the provident fund is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

iii. Compensated absences

The Company has a policy on compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary at each balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid/availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognised is the period in which the absences occur.

The liability in respect of all defined benefit plans and other long term benefits is accrued in the books of account on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method. The obligation is measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of obligation under defined benefit plans, is based on the market yields on Government securities as at the Balance Sheet date, having maturity periods approximating to the terms of related obligations.

Remeasurement gains and losses on other long term benefits are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise. Remeasurement gains and losses in respect of all defined benefit plans arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in other equity in the Statement of Changes in Equity and in the Balance Sheet. Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost. Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of any defined benefit plan are recognised when the curtailment or settlement occurs. Any differential between the plan assets (for a funded defined benefit plan) and the defined benefit obligation as per actuarial valuation is recognised as a liability if it is a deficit or as an asset if it is a surplus (to the extent of the lower of present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plan or reduction in future contribution to the plan).

Past service cost is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. To the extent that the benefits are already vested immediately following the introduction of, or changes to, a defined benefit plan, the past service cost is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Past service cost may be either positive (where benefits are introduced or improved) or negative (where existing benefits are reduced).

iv. Share-based compensation

The grant date fair value of equity settled share-based payment awards granted to employees is recognised as an employee expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards. The amount recognised as expense is based on the estimate of the number of awards for which the related service and non-market vesting conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognised as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service and non-market vesting conditions at the vesting date. The grant date fair value of options granted (net of estimated forfeiture) to employees of the Company is recognised as an employee expense.

The expense is recorded for each separately vesting portion of the award as if the award was, in substance, multiple awards. The increase in equity recognised in connection with share based payment transaction is presented as a separate component in equity under "share based payment reserve". The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of stock options that vest. For the option awards, grant date fair value is determined under the option-pricing model (Black-Scholes-Merton). Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures materially differ from those estimates.

i) Provisions (other than for employee benefits)

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows (representing the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date) at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as finance cost. Expected future operating losses are not provided for.

Onerous contracts

A contract is considered to be onerous when the expected economic benefits to be derived by the Company from the contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision for an onerous contract is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before such a provision is made, the Company recognises any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.

j) Revenue recognition:

i. Contract research and manufacturing services income

The Company derives revenues primarily from Contract research and manufacturing services. Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised services or compounds to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those services or compounds.

Arrangement with customers for Contract research and manufacturing services income are either on a time-and-material basis or fixed price.

I n respect of contracts involving research services, in case of 'time and materials' contracts, contract research fee are recognised as services are rendered, in accordance with the terms of the contracts. Revenue from contracts are recorded net of allowances for estimated rebates and cash discounts, as per contractual terms.

Revenues relating to fixed price contracts are recognised based on the milestones completion and for manufacturing services (large molecules) revenue is recognised based on the percentage of completion method determined based on cost incurred as a proportion to total estimated cost. The Company monitors estimates of total contract revenue and cost on a routine basis throughout the contract period. The cumulative impact of any change in estimates of the contract revenue or costs is reflected in the period in which the changes become known. In the event that a loss is anticipated on a particular contract, provision is made for the estimated loss.

In respect of contracts involving sale of compounds arising out of contract research, revenue is recognised when a promise in a customer contract (performance obligation) has been satisfied by transferring control over the promised goods to the customer. Control over a promised goods refers to the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, those goods. Control is usually transferred upon shipment to the customer/ customer's acceptance. The amount of revenue to be recognised (transaction price) is based on the consideration expected to be received in exchange for goods, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties such as goods and services tax or other taxes directly linked to sales. If a contract contains more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. Revenue from such sales are recorded net of allowances for estimated rebates, cash discounts and estimates of product returns, all of which are established at the time of sale.

The consideration received by the Company in exchange for its goods may be fixed or variable. Variable consideration is only recognised when it is considered highly probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur once the underlying uncertainty related to variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

Contract assets are recognised when there is excess of revenue earned over billings on contracts. Contract assets are classified as unbilled receivables (only act of invoicing is pending) when there is unconditional right to receive cash, and only passage of time is required, as per contractual terms.

The Company collects Goods and Services Tax (GST) as applicable, on behalf of the Government and, therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

ii. Rental income

Rental income from investment property is recognised in statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease except where the rentals are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation. Lease incentives granted are recognised as an integral part of the total rental income, over the term of the lease.

iii. Contribution received from customers towards property, plant and equipment

Contributions received from customers towards items of property, plant and equipment which require an obligation to supply services to the customer in the future, are recognised as a credit to deferred revenue. The contribution received is recognised as revenue from operations over the useful life of the assets. The Company capitalises the gross cost of these assets as the Company controls these assets.

iv. Dividends

Dividend is recognised when the Company's right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

v. Interest Income

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

k) Government grants

The Company recognises Government grants only at their fair value when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied with, and the grants will be received. Government grants received in relation to assets are recognised as deferred income and amortised over the useful life of such asset. Grants related to income are recognised in statement of profit and loss as other operating revenues or deducted in reporting the related expense based on the terms of the grant, as applicable.

l) Foreign currency Transactions and translations:

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates ofthe transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at balance sheet date exchange rates are generally recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. For example, translation differences on non-monetary assets such as equity investments classified as FVOCI are recognised in other comprehensive income (OCI).

m) Income taxes

Income tax comprises of current and deferred income tax. Income tax expense is recognised in statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to an item recognised directly in equity in which case it is recognised in other comprehensive income. Current income tax for current year and prior periods is recognised at the amount expected to be paid or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Provision for income tax includes the impact of provisions established for uncertain income tax positions.

Tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts, and it is intended to realize the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

Minimum Alternative Tax ('MAT') under the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 is recognised as current tax in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The credit available under the Act in respect of MAT paid is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the company will pay normal income tax during the period for which the MAT credit can be carried forward for set-off against the normal tax liability. MAT credit recognised as an asset is reviewed at each balance sheet date and written down to the extent the aforesaid convincing evidence no longer exists.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognised for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the standalone financial statements except when:

temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of transaction; and

temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred tax assets (DTA) include Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognised as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment or substantive enactment date. A deferred income tax assets is recognised to the extent it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the deductible temporary timing differences and tax losses can be utilised. The Company offsets income-tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.

n) Borrowing cost

Borrowing costs are interest and other costs (including exchange differences relating to foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs) incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of an asset which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

o) Leases

(i) The company as lessee:

The company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at the inception of contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assesses whether a contract conveys the right to control use of an identified asset, the company assesses whether:

Ý The contract involves use of an identified asset;

Ý The company has substantially all the economic benefits from the use of the asset through the period of lease; and

Ý The company has the right to direct the use of an asset.

At the date of commencement of lease, the company recognises a Right-of-use assets ("ROU") and a corresponding liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with the term of twelve months or less (short term leases) and low value leases. For short term and low value leases, the company recognises the lease payment as an operating expense on straight line basis over the term of lease.

Certain lease agreements include an option to extend or terminate the lease before the end of lease term. ROU assets and the lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right-of-use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e., higher of fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortised cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate explicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right-of- use assets if the company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination of option.

Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and the lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

(ii) The Company as a Lessor:

Leases for which the company is a lessor is classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risk and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating lease.

p) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period adjusted for treasury shares held and vested employee stock options (ESOPs). Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of equity and dilutive equivalent shares outstanding during the period, using the treasury stock method for options and warrants, except where the results would be anti-dilutive.

q) Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker.

r) Non-current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale and discontinued operations

Non-current assets (or disposal groups) are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable. They are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits, financial assets and contractual rights under insurance contracts, which are specifically exempt from this requirement.

An impairment loss is recognised for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognised for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset (or disposal group), but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognised. A gain or loss not previously recognised by the date of the sale of the non-current asset (or disposal group) is recognised at the date of de-recognition.

Non-current assets (including those that are part of a disposal group) are not depreciated or amortised while they are classified as held for sale. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale continue to be recognized.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale and the assets of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet. The liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet.

A discontinued operation is a component of the entity that has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale and that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of such a line of business or area of operations, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. The results of discontinued operations are presented separately in the statement of profit and loss.

s) Exceptional items

Exceptional items refer to items of income or expense within the statement of profit and loss from ordinary activities which are non-recurring and are of such size, nature or incidence that their separate disclosure is considered necessary to explain the performance of the Company.